Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2019.2402.17
Anna Bugajska
The article discusses the transhumanist and Catholic perspectives on death and immortality within the speculation on the rise of a postmortal society, and asks the question if Catholics have the right to reject immortalist technologies. To address this problem, I first outline the ideas and technology leading to the rise of a postmortal society, and accept Richard K. Morgan’s Altered Carbon as a counterfactual scenario. Further, the naturalistic and Catholic understandings of death are compared, and it is shown that despite superficial similarities, they are fundamentally different. Finally, I consider insights from the current debates on end-of-life issues, such as euthanasia and the right to die, since some of the reasons and motivations behind choosing to die will be different in the postmortal society. The analysis allows to provide a set of arguments and problems for further consideration when it comes to the rejection of immortalist technologies.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2019.2402.11
P. Dumouchel
The idea of artificial intelligence implies the existence of a form of intelligence that is “natural,” or at least not artificial. The problem is that intelligence, whether “natural” or “artificial,” is not well defined: it is hard to say what, exactly, is or constitutes intelligence. This difficulty makes it impossible to measure human intelligence against artificial intelligence on a unique scale. It does not, however, prevent us from comparing them; rather, it changes the sense and meaning of such comparisons. Comparing artificial intelligence with human intelligence could allow us to understand both forms better. This paper thus aims to compare and distinguish these two forms of intelligence, focusing on three issues: forms of embodiment, autonomy and judgment. Doing so, I argue, should enable us to have a better view of the promises and limitations of present-day artificial intelligence, along with its benefits and dangers and the place we should make for it in our culture and society.
{"title":"Intelligence, Artificial and Otherwise","authors":"P. Dumouchel","doi":"10.35765/forphil.2019.2402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2019.2402.11","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of artificial intelligence implies the existence of a form of intelligence that is “natural,” or at least not artificial. The problem is that intelligence, whether “natural” or “artificial,” is not well defined: it is hard to say what, exactly, is or constitutes intelligence. This difficulty makes it impossible to measure human intelligence against artificial intelligence on a unique scale. It does not, however, prevent us from comparing them; rather, it changes the sense and meaning of such comparisons. Comparing artificial intelligence with human intelligence could allow us to understand both forms better. This paper thus aims to compare and distinguish these two forms of intelligence, focusing on three issues: forms of embodiment, autonomy and judgment. Doing so, I argue, should enable us to have a better view of the promises and limitations of present-day artificial intelligence, along with its benefits and dangers and the place we should make for it in our culture and society.","PeriodicalId":34385,"journal":{"name":"Forum Philosophicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2019.2402.16
Alcibiades Malapi-Nelson
In this essay, I engage the foreseeable consequences for the future of humanity triggered by Emerging Technologies and their underpinning philosophy, transhumanism. The transhumanist stance is compared with the default view currently held in many academic institutions of higher education: posthumanism. It is maintained that the transhumanist view is less inimical to the fostering of human dignity than the posthuman one. After this is established, I suggest that the Catholic Church may find an ally in a transhumanist ethos in a two‑fold manner. On the one hand, by anchoring and promoting the defense of “the human” already present in transhumanism. On the other, rethinking the effectiveness of the delivery of sacraments in a humanity heavily altered by these technologies.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2019.2402.14
I. Yanes-Fernandez
In his speech “The European Responsibility,” the Georgian philosopher Merab Mamardashvili summarizes his utopia of a fulfilled humanity by presenting it as an integration of two main traditions: the Graeco-Roman and Judeo-Christian ones. In contrast, David Dubrovsky launches a new perspective for present and future human evolution: the cyber-superman, i.e. the perfect merging of human mind and digital brain—or the bio-digital interface. “Intelligence” here is not just an artificial by-product of a highly organized technological structure, but the reproduction of mental operations through the techno-replication of the bio-brain as material substrate: the Dubrovskyan avatar. In the present article, I focus on Dubrovsky’s and Mamardashvili’s anthropological paradigms, and their relationship to the phenomena of cyberbeing and cyberculture. I examine the phenomenon of cyberbeing as a “built-in” feature of a bio-electronic, transhuman ontology that impacts and transforms personhood into “cyborghood” in the context of an interactive digital framework of fictional transcendences, body-deconstruction and bio-technological interplays. My aim is to develop a critical approach to Dubrovsky’s cybernetic anthropology and avatar-theory, along with its meaning and implications for our world-epoch, in contrast to Mamardashvili’s ontology, which proves essentially incompatible with the moment of technological singularity—i.e. with the creation of a transhuman bio-digital avatar as envisioned and prophesized by Dubrovsky.
格鲁吉亚哲学家Merab Mamardashvili在他的演讲《欧洲的责任》(The European Responsibility)中总结了他的乌托邦，他把人类实现的乌托邦描述为两种主要传统的融合:希腊-罗马和犹太-基督教。相比之下，David Dubrovsky为现在和未来的人类进化提出了一个新的视角:网络超人，即人类思维和数字大脑的完美融合，或者生物数字接口。这里的“智能”不仅仅是高度组织化的技术结构的人工副产品，而是通过技术复制生物大脑作为物质基质的精神操作的再生产:杜布罗夫斯基的化身。在本文中，我将重点讨论杜布罗夫斯基和马马达什维利的人类学范式，以及它们与网络存在和网络文化现象的关系。我将赛博人现象作为一种生物电子、超人类本体的“内置”特征，在虚构的超越、身体解构和生物技术相互作用的互动数字框架的背景下，影响并将人格转化为“赛博人”。我的目标是对杜布罗夫斯基的控制论人类学和阿凡达理论，以及它对我们世界时代的意义和影响，发展一种批判的方法，与马马达什维利的本体论形成对比，后者被证明与技术奇点时刻本质上是不相容的。杜布洛夫斯基所设想和预言的超人类生物数字化身的创造。
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Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2019.2402.21
David E. Pratt
David E. Pratt Saint Martin’s University, USA Graham McAleer Loyola University Maryland, USA Hans Pedersen Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA Jeremiah Alberg International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan Agata Bielik-Robson University of Nottingham, UK Andrea Salvatore Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” Italy Andreas Wilmes West University of Timisoara, Romania Andrew O’Shea Dublin City University, Ireland Andrzej Sarnacki Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, Poland Bernard Perret Association Recherches Mimétiques, Paris, France Brian Sudlow Aston University Birmingham, UK George Dunn University of Indianapolis, USA Guy Vanheeswijck Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium Adam Romejko Uniwersytet Gdański, Poland Iwona Janicka University of Warwick, UK James Murphy Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
David E.Pratt Saint-Martin大学，美国马里兰州Graham McAleer Loyola大学，美国宾夕法尼亚州印第安纳大学Hans Pedersen，美国Jeremiah Alberg国际基督教大学，东京，日本诺丁汉大学Agata Bielik Robson，英国Andrea Salvatore Universitàdegli Studi di Roma“La Sapienza”，意大利Timisoara西部大学Andreas Wilmes，罗马尼亚Andrew O’Shea都柏林城市大学，爱尔兰Andrzej Sarnacki耶稣会大学，克拉科夫Ignatinum，波兰Bernard Perret协会，巴黎Mimétiques，法国Brian Sudlow Aston大学，伯明翰，英国印第安纳波利斯George Dunn大学，美国Guy Vanheeswijck Antwerpen大学，比利时Adam Romejko Uniwersytet Gdański，波兰Iwona Janicka英国华威大学James Murphy Dartmouth学院，美国汉诺威
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Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2019.2401
{"title":"Thinking with René Girard","authors":"","doi":"10.35765/forphil.2019.2401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2019.2401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34385,"journal":{"name":"Forum Philosophicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47792447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2018.2302.09
E. Gans
René Girard’s anthropology goes beyond Durkheim and Freud in seeking knowledge in literary, mythical, and religious texts. Girard’s primary intuition is that human culture originated in response to the danger of violent mimetic crises among increasingly intelligent hominins, whose imitation of each other’s desires led to conflict. These crises were resolved by the mechanism of emissary murder: the proto-human community came to focus its aggression on a single scapegoat whose unanimous lynching, by “miraculously” bringing peace, led to its ritual repetition in sacrifice. Because this theory fails to found the signs of human language and worship on the deferral of spontaneous action, Girard can only attribute the internal peace necessary to the human community to the exhaustion of violent aggression. Instead, generative anthropology proposes that, beginning from the premise that the need to control internecine violence was the source of the human, an appropriative gesture toward an object of common desire, deferred out of fear of violence, becomes understood as a sign of the object’s sacred/interdicted status, after which it can be peacefully divided among the group. Following this originary event, the sacred/signifying universe of language and religion gradually comes to include the totality of human activity.
{"title":"René Girard and the Deferral of Violence","authors":"E. Gans","doi":"10.35765/forphil.2018.2302.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2018.2302.09","url":null,"abstract":"René Girard’s anthropology goes beyond Durkheim and Freud in seeking knowledge in literary, mythical, and religious texts. Girard’s primary intuition is that human culture originated in response to the danger of violent mimetic crises among increasingly intelligent hominins, whose imitation of each other’s desires led to conflict. These crises were resolved by the mechanism of emissary murder: the proto-human community came to focus its aggression on a single scapegoat whose unanimous lynching, by “miraculously” bringing peace, led to its ritual repetition in sacrifice. Because this theory fails to found the signs of human language and worship on the deferral of spontaneous action, Girard can only attribute the internal peace necessary to the human community to the exhaustion of violent aggression. Instead, generative anthropology proposes that, beginning from the premise that the need to control internecine violence was the source of the human, an appropriative gesture toward an object of common desire, deferred out of fear of violence, becomes understood as a sign of the object’s sacred/interdicted status, after which it can be peacefully divided among the group. Following this originary event, the sacred/signifying universe of language and religion gradually comes to include the totality of human activity.","PeriodicalId":34385,"journal":{"name":"Forum Philosophicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48171517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2018.2302.21
B. Perret
Bernard Perret Association Recherches Mimétiques, Paris, France Christopher Wojtulewicz Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium Dariusz Łukasiewicz Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Stefano Tomelleri Università degli studi di Bergamo, Italy Tadeusz Biesaga The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, Poland Roger Pouivet Université de Lorraine, France Michele Farisco Uppsala University, Sweden Richard M. Capobianco Stonehill College, USA Adam Workowski Jagiellonian Univeristy, Poland Andrey Tikhonov Southern Federal University at Rostov-on-Don, Russia Carlos Segovia Saint Louis University – Madrid Campus, Spain Deepak Pandiaraj Indian Institute of Technology. Bombay University, India Salvatore Spina University of Messina, Italy Jim Harries William Carey International University, University of Birmingham, UK Maria Korusiewicz University of Bielsko-Biała Allen Anderson University of Birmingham, UK
Bernard Perret研究会Mimétiques，法国巴黎Christopher Wojtulewicz比利时鲁汶天主教大学DariuszŁukasiewicz Kazimierz Wielki Bydgoszcz大学，波兰Stefano Tomelleri意大利贝加莫大学，法国Michele Farisco Uppsala大学，瑞典Richard M.Capobianco Stonehill学院，美国Adam Workowski Jagielonian大学，波兰Andrey Tikhonov顿河畔罗斯托夫南方联邦大学，俄罗斯Carlos Segovia圣路易斯大学，西班牙马德里校区Deepak Pandiaraj印度理工学院。孟买大学，印度Salvatore Spina大学，意大利墨西拿Jim Harries William Carey国际大学，英国伯明翰大学Maria Korusiewicz Bielsko Biała Allen Anderson大学，英国
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Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.35765/forphil.2018.2302.19
{"title":"Małgorzata Hołda. Paul Ricœur’s Concept of Subjectivity and the Postmodern Claim of the Death of the Subject [Book Review]","authors":"","doi":"10.35765/forphil.2018.2302.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2018.2302.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34385,"journal":{"name":"Forum Philosophicum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47536623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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