Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献_第10页

Functionalized graphite into hydrophilic activated carbon: Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption studies

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101035

Taufik Qodar Romadiansyah , Fadias Rara Ardana Lakuy , Rendy Muhamad Iqbal , Utari Zulfiani , Agus Wedi Pratama , Adi Setyo Purnomo , Subaer Subaer , Triyanda Gunawan , Zeni Rahmawati , Asranudin , Nurul Widiastuti

Functionalization of graphite by alkali activation and oxidation by chemical treatment has not been explored. The hydrophobic nature of carbon poses a particular challenge when used as an agent in water treatment applications in particular. Modification with hydrophilic groups on carbon makes carbon a promising material because of its good properties and used in various sectors. This study focused on the synthesis of hydrophilic activated carbon (HAC) from graphite by activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrophilization with ammonium persulfate (APS). The effects of functionalization on the surface chemical properties, wettability, and morphology were evaluated using various techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the functionalization results with the appearance of hydroxyl groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the carbon surface properties by total survey scan, showing the presence of N 1s and S 2p peaks on HAC. Contact angle values showed an increase in hydrophilicity from 88 ± 1.5° to 39 ± 1.0° for graphite and HAC, respectively. The absorption time also showed that HAC has active hydrophilic groups that can absorb water droplets in less than 0.60 s. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results also showed an increase in the number of pores on HAC. The methylene blue (MB) adsorption study showed that HAC had an adsorption capacity of 49.399 mg/g with a removal percent of 98.798 % at optimum conditions with an initial MB concentration of 50 mg/L, contact time of 240 minutes, and adsorbent dose of 0.1 g/100 mL. The adsorption kinetics of MB, AC, and HAC fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir model provided the best fit to the experimental data, indicating a homogeneous and monolayer adsorbent surface. Accordingly, the synthesized HAC can effectively and reliably remediate wastewater contamination with organic pollutant.

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引用次数: 0

Untargeted metabolomic LC-HRMS combined with chemometric reveal metabolites change from sorghum flakes affected by food processing

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101034

Ayu Septi Anggraeni , Lucky Prabowo Miftachul Alam , Indrawati Dian Utami , Yuniar Khasanah , Laely Nurfahmi , Ika Mulawati Purwanti Noviana , Anjar Windarsih , Suratno

A non-targeted UHPLC-HRMS metabolomics approach combined with chemometric analysis was employed to assess the change in metabolite profiles of sorghum flakes based on food processing techniques. The result showed that fatty acids were the most abundant metabolites, followed by lipids, amino acids, alkaloids, amines, and polyphenols, representing key metabolic markers influenced by food processing in sorghum flakes. Specific metabolites, including 15S-Hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15S-HETrE), terminaline, vitamin E acetate, furan fatty acid F6, all-trans-retinal, and fingolimod, exhibited increased concentrations during oven processing compared to raw sorghum, likely due to their thermal stability. This study provides valuable insights into effect of food processing effect on metabolites profiles.

引用次数: 0

Microplastics pollution in Australia: Sources, impacts, and mitigation strategies

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101036

Rumana Hossain, Anirban Ghose, Veena Sahajwalla

This study conducts a detailed review of the existing Australian research about microplastics in sediments, indoor air, road dust, fresh water, marine water, and living organisms. A summary of characteristics such as polymer type, size, shape, and abundance of microplastics in samples is also presented. Different sources, fates, and entry routes of microplastics into the terrestrial and aquatic environments are also described. The effect of microplastics on humans, organisms, and ecosystem is summarised and presented. This work provides important data to Australian government and policy makers for the development of urgent strategies and policies to reduce microplastics pollution.

引用次数: 0

A framework model to prioritize groundwater management actions based on the concept of dominant risk: An application to the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil 基于主导风险概念的地下水管理行动优先排序框架模型：巴西圣托Espírito州的应用

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101032

Fernando António Leal Pacheco , Victor Hugo Sarrazin Lima , João Paulo Moura , Mariângela Dutra de Oliveira , Lucien Akabassi , Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes

The objective of this study was to assess the risk of groundwater contamination in the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil), with a focus on the city of Vitória (the state capital), based on the so-called “Vulnerability versus Hazard” method. This method consists in assessing the risk of groundwater contamination using as base data the intrinsics's aquifer vulnerability and the main human activities as proxies of hazards. The assessment based on this approach results in a quadrant system that links different levels of risk to different management priorities, allowing the implementation of mitigating actions according to the identified level of risk. In this study, the method was adapted to identify a dominant risk, which was the most impacting among the hazards related with industrial, infrastructure or agricultural activities. The results showed a dominant risk map with significant levels classified as high and moderate in the northern regions and along the coast of Espírito Santo state, due to the concentration of various human activities. In the Vitória's metropolitan and southern regions of the state, the risk of contamination was lower, due to the characteristics of soil and the presence of fractured aquifers that act as natural barriers. However, there were exceptions, such as between Alegre and Castelo areas, which indicated incidental threats to public health due to human activities. The analysis of Vitória municipality showed 46.9 % of the area at very low risk, 5.5 % at low risk, 35 % at medium risk and 12.6 % at high risk. It is noteworthy that 47.6 % of this municipality is already at a moderate or high-risk level, highlighting significant environmental challenges around the Santa Maria River, the Vitória airport area and the Camburi beach. Overall, the study of groundwater contamination risk in the state of Espírito Santo revealed a challenging scenario, highlighting the urgency of effective actions to promote environmental resilience in Vitória.

本研究的目的是评估Espírito Santo州（巴西）地下水污染的风险，并以Vitória市（州首府）为重点，基于所谓的“脆弱性与危害”方法。该方法以含水层脆弱性为基础数据，以主要人类活动为危害指标，对地下水污染风险进行评估。基于此方法的评估产生了一个象限系统，该系统将不同级别的风险与不同的管理优先级联系起来，允许根据识别的风险级别实施减轻行动。在本研究中，该方法被用于识别与工业、基础设施或农业活动相关的危害中影响最大的显性风险。结果显示，由于各种人类活动的集中，北部地区和Espírito Santo州沿海地区的显著水平被划分为高和中等。在Vitória的大都市和南部地区，污染的风险较低，这是由于土壤的特性和裂缝含水层的存在，它们起到了天然屏障的作用。然而，也有例外，例如在阿雷格里和卡斯特洛地区之间，这表明人类活动对公共健康造成了偶然的威胁。Vitória市分析显示，46.9%的地区为极低风险区，5.5%为低风险区，35%为中等风险区，12.6%为高风险区。值得注意的是，该市47.6%的地区已经处于中等或高风险水平，突出了圣玛丽亚河、Vitória机场区和坎布里海滩周围的重大环境挑战。总体而言，对Espírito Santo州地下水污染风险的研究揭示了一个具有挑战性的情景，强调了采取有效行动促进Vitória州环境恢复力的紧迫性。

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引用次数: 0

Determination of the effect of impurity inclusions in the form of oxy-nitride phases in NiAl2O4 ceramics on resistance to high-temperature degradation during hydrogen saturation of near-surface layers 测定NiAl2O4陶瓷中氧氮相杂质夹杂物对近表层氢饱和时耐高温降解性能的影响

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101033

Gulnaz Zh Moldabayeva , Artem L. Kozlovskiy

The degradation resistance growth of anode ceramic materials with the possibility of maintaining the stability of electrochemical and thermal conductivity properties under conditions of long-term high-temperature operation is one of the key directions in the development of solid oxide fuel cells. This article examines the possibility of modification of NiAl₂O₄ ceramics by adding aluminum nitride to them during the synthesis process, which leads to the formation of inclusions in the form of oxy-nitride grains. The interest in this class of ceramics is due to their structural features, which allows to consider them as one of the promising types of ceramics in the field of anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. During assessment of the influence of impurity inclusions in the form of the oxy-nitride Al₇O₃N₅ phase in the composition of NiAl₂O₄ ceramics on the deformation-induced swelling of the crystal structure of the damaged layer under high-dose irradiation, it was established that an elevation in the impurity phase concentration from 2.5 to 7.0 wt % results in swelling resistance growth by more than 4 times compared to NiAl₂O₄ ceramics without impurity inclusions. It was also determined that the presence of impurity inclusions in the composition of NiAl₂O₄ ceramics leads to a decrease in the coefficient of thermal volumetric expansion, a reduction of which indicates increased stability of the crystalline structure of ceramics to external temperature influences.

阳极陶瓷材料在长期高温工作条件下具有保持电化学和导热性能稳定的可能性，其抗降解生长是固体氧化物燃料电池发展的关键方向之一。本文探讨了在NiAl2O4陶瓷的合成过程中，通过添加氮化铝对NiAl2O4陶瓷进行改性的可能性，从而形成氮化氧晶粒形式的夹杂物。人们对这类陶瓷的兴趣是由于它们的结构特点，这使得它们被认为是固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料领域中有前途的陶瓷类型之一。在评估NiAl2O4陶瓷成分中以氧氮化Al7O3N5相形式的杂质夹杂物对高剂量辐照下损伤层晶体结构变形引起的膨胀的影响时，发现杂质相浓度从2.5 wt %提高到7.0 wt %，与不含杂质夹杂物的NiAl2O4陶瓷相比，抗膨胀性增长了4倍以上。还确定了NiAl2O4陶瓷成分中杂质夹杂物的存在导致热体积膨胀系数的降低，该系数的降低表明陶瓷晶体结构对外部温度影响的稳定性增加。

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引用次数: 0

Dual antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of novel 1,2,3-triazole-decorated unsymmetrical monocarbonyl curcumin analogs 新型1,2,3-三唑修饰的不对称单羰基姜黄素类似物的双重抗氧化和细胞毒性活性

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101031

Bayu Ardiansah , Ahmad Farhan , Novita Sari Nurhasanah , Mochammad Arfin Fardiansyah Nasution , Noordini M. Salleh , Kenji Mizuguchi , Antonius Herry Cahyana , Lina Mardiana

Unsymmetrical monocarbonyl curcumin analogs containing 1,2,3-triazole scaffold (5a-5f) have been synthesized from vanillin. 5d, which contains a carboxylic group, exhibited the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, with an IC₅₀ of 0.56 mM against DPPH and an IC₅₀ of 38.25 ± 4.79 μM against MCF-7 cells. Docking studies revealed that 5d has high binding affinity for the tubulin protein, with predicted binding value of −10.4 kcal/mol. Additionally, in silico ADME predictions indicated that 5d demonstrates high gastrointestinal absorption and moderate intrinsic clearance. These findings indicate that the designed compounds, particularly compound 5d, could be promising for developing a new drug candidate.

以香兰素为原料合成了含有1,2,3-三唑支架（5a-5f）的不对称单羰基姜黄素类似物。5d对DPPH的IC50为0.56 mM，对MCF-7细胞的IC50为38.25±4.79 μM，具有较高的抗氧化和细胞毒活性。对接研究表明，5d对微管蛋白具有较高的结合亲和力，预测结合值为−10.4 kcal/mol。此外，计算机ADME预测表明5d具有高胃肠道吸收和中等内在清除率。这些发现表明，所设计的化合物，特别是化合物5d，有望开发一种新的候选药物。

引用次数: 0

Biodiesel production of WCO-neem oil and mixed using pilot plant scale with ultrasound and overhead stirred and characteristic of emissions in fire tube boiler 利用超声波和顶置搅拌中试设备规模生产 WCO-楝油和混合生物柴油以及火管锅炉的排放特征

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101029

Suherman , Ilmi , M. Sabri , Edo Fransisko Ginting , Josua Jose Silalahi

The boiler is one of the industrial machines that consumes the most fuel and boilers are significant contributors to air pollution. This study aims to compare the physicochemical properties of biodiesel a mixture of WCO oil and neem oil (70:30) using a pilot plant scale with different types of stirring (overhead and ultrasound). Subsequently, the produced biodiesel was tested for fuel consumption rate and exhaust emissions generated from combustion in a fire-tube boiler. The optimum yield was found using an ultrasound stirrer at a temperature of 60 °C, KOH loading 2 w/w%, with an molar ratio methanol to oil of 12:1 and a reaction time of 75 min, which is 98.70 %. The addition of neem oil to WCO oil increased the oxidative stability and reduced the pour point, and cloud point of WCONOME, by 184.85 %, 16.67 %, and 52 % respectively. Next, the ultrasound stirrer biodiesel with higher density and kinematic viscosity compared to the overhead stirrer, although the flash point and cetane number were lower. Increasing the biodiesel ratio in diesel fuel reduced exhaust emissions (CO, CO₂, and HC) produced by the boiler. Interestingly, the exhaust emissions of WCONOME were lower than compared to palm biodiesel POME30. The physicochemical properties of WCONOME biodiesel have met the ASTM 6751 standard. Finally, biodiesel from a mixture of waste cooking oil and neem oil has great potential to replace diesel fuel as a fire-tube boiler fuel for generating green energy.

锅炉是消耗燃料最多的工业机器之一，也是造成空气污染的重要因素。本研究旨在比较生物柴油的理化性质，生物柴油是 WCO 油和楝树油（70:30）的混合物，使用不同类型的搅拌（顶置搅拌和超声波搅拌）进行试验。随后，对生产的生物柴油进行了燃料消耗率和火管锅炉燃烧废气排放测试。在温度为 60 °C、KOH 含量为 2 w/w%、甲醇与油的摩尔比为 12:1、反应时间为 75 分钟的条件下，使用超声搅拌器的最佳产率为 98.70%。在 WCO 油中添加印楝油后，WCONOME 的氧化稳定性提高，倾点和浊点分别降低了 184.85 %、16.67 % 和 52 %。其次，与顶置搅拌相比，超声搅拌生物柴油的密度和运动粘度更高，但闪点和十六烷值较低。提高柴油中的生物柴油比例可减少锅炉产生的废气排放（CO、CO2 和 HC）。有趣的是，与棕榈生物柴油 POME30 相比，WCONOME 的废气排放量更低。WCONOME 生物柴油的理化特性符合 ASTM 6751 标准。最后，从废弃食用油和楝树油混合物中提取的生物柴油在替代柴油作为火管锅炉燃料生产绿色能源方面具有巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the situation of municipal solid waste in Amman City using small cell areas

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101009

Aymen Awad

This study aims to investigate the solid waste situation in Amman City. Amman is the capital of Jordan with 3 million people. The rates of solid waste generation, its composition, and the types and quantities of solid waste were all investigated. These parameters were tested against families’ members, sites in different locations, monthly income, and seasonal time. Results could be used as key solution for Jordanian solid waste landfills problems and for future improvements. Four locations with different sites at a distance of 20 km from the city center were selected to do the investigations during the period started from September 2022 until August 2023. It was found that the average solid waste generation rate ranged from 0.6 to 1 kg/capita/day. The solid waste types and compositions were found typically similar to compositions of solid waste generated in most world countries. The average percent compositions of solid waste generated in the city were as follows: 63 % organic waste which represented the large portion of solid waste composition, 13.5 % plastic waste, 14.8 % paper waste, 3.2 % metal waste, 2.6 % glass waste, and the remaining 2.9 % was miscellaneous rubbish. Findings also reflected the current situation of solid waste landfills serving the city. Results recommend that most of the Jordanian landfills have to be rehabilitated and maintained according to the estimate solid waste generation rates, contents, types, and quantities. Results indicated that the city needs to construct an effective solid waste management plan for the city in future.

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing domestic wastewater treatment: Integrating vermifiltration and biochar for heavy metal and microplastic reduction and by-product utilization 加强生活废水处理：整合蚯蚓过滤和生物炭，减少重金属和微塑料，并利用副产品

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101025

Saranya Seetasang , Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

Water pollution, particularly from domestic wastewater contaminated with microplastics and heavy metals, poses significant threats to human health and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of vermifiltration combined with biochar to treat domestic wastewater using earthworm, Eisenia foetida. The objectives of this research were to monitor the change in water quality parameter (BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Phosphate and Nitrate). Experiments were conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: Geofilter (Gf), Vermifilter (Vf), Geofilter + Biochar (Gf + Bi), and Vermifilter + Biochar (Vf + Bi). The result showed that using vermifiltration combined with biochar could reduce the biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) in domestic wastewater treatment highest followed by vermifiltrater, geofilter with biochar and geofilter, respectively. The results demonstrated the percentage removal of BOD (94.28 %), COD (89.82 %), TDS (88.35 %) and TSS (95.30 %). The Vf + Bi system showed high efficiency in heavy metal reduction: Mn (99.37 %), Zn (100 %), Cu (100 %), Pb (44.00 %), and As (100 %). Microplastic contamination was reduced most effectively by Vf + Bi (88.64 %), followed by Gf + Bi (86.36 %), Vf (77.27 %), and Gf (75.00 %). Post-treatment vermibed analysis revealed increases in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and organic carbon content in bedding. This study concludes that the integration of vermifiltration and biochar could be the eco-solution for nutrient recovery, water resource recycles and minimize pollution and efficient wastewater treatment and generating valuable by-products such as biofertilizer.

水污染，尤其是受到微塑料和重金属污染的生活废水，对人类健康和生态系统构成了严重威胁。本研究旨在评估蚯蚓过滤与生物炭相结合的潜力，以利用蚯蚓处理生活废水。研究目标是监测水质参数（生化需氧量、化学需氧量、总溶解氧、总悬浮固体、磷酸盐和硝酸盐）的变化。实验采用完全随机设计法（CRD），有四种处理方法：地滤器（Gf）、蛭滤器（Vf）、地滤器 + 生物炭（Gf + Bi）和蛭滤器 + 生物炭（Vf + Bi）。结果表明，蛭滤与生物炭结合使用可降低生活污水处理中最高的生物需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）和总悬浮固体（TSS），其次分别是蛭滤器、带生物炭的土工过滤器和土工过滤器。结果表明，BOD（94.28%）、COD（89.82%）、TDS（88.35%）和 TSS（95.30%）的去除率都很高。Vf + Bi 系统在减少重金属方面表现出很高的效率：锰（99.37 %）、锌（100 %）、铜（100 %）、铅（44.00 %）和砷（100 %）。Vf + Bi（88.64 %）最有效地减少了微塑料污染，其次是 Gf + Bi（86.36 %）、Vf（77.27 %）和 Gf（75.00 %）。处理后的蚯蚓粪分析表明，垫料中的氮、磷、钾和有机碳含量均有所增加。这项研究的结论是，蛭滤与生物炭的结合可以成为营养物质回收、水资源循环利用、污染最小化和高效废水处理的生态解决方案，并产生有价值的副产品，如生物肥料。

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引用次数: 0

Scale-up of oxidative desulfurization for sour diesel fuel: Modeling, simulation, and reactor design using Fe/AC catalyst

Q1 Environmental Science

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101024

Awad E. Mohammed , Wadood T. Mohammed , Saba A. Gheni

Modeling and simulation at the bench scale are crucial for understanding industrial process behavior, particularly in oxidative desulfurization (ODS). Mathematical models are powerful tools in chemical process engineering, enabling the adjustment of process conditions without physical modifications, thereby optimizing process performance. In this study, a comprehensive mathematical model for the ODS of sour diesel fuel, supplied by the NRC refinery, was developed using O₂ as the oxidant and Fe/AC as the catalyst, based on experimental data from the literature. This model addresses key limitations of existing ODS models, including their limited applicability in industrial settings and challenges in scaling up while maintaining high sulfur conversion efficiency. By simulating an industrial batch reactor, the model advances current knowledge by providing a robust framework for scaling ODS processes. Optimal reaction conditions were determined to achieve ≥99 % sulfur conversion, with kinetic parameters of a reaction order of 1.2, an activation energy of 50 kJ/mol, and a pre-exponential factor of 9050 g^(−0.2).h⁽⁻¹⁾. Scale-up results, based on these parameters, suggested optimal reactor dimensions of 1.3 m in diameter and 2 m in length. The batch reactor scale-up was conducted using the gPROMS software, yielding insights that can be applied directly to industrial reactors. Ultimately, this model contributes to the field by offering a scalable, practical approach to ODS reactor design and optimization, aiding the production of cleaner diesel fuels in compliance with stringent environmental standards.

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引用次数: 0