Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101071
Mário Cerqueira
Marine litter in coastal areas represents a significant environmental issue that severely impacts biodiversity, ecosystems, human well-being and economic activities. This study investigates the abundance and composition of marine litter on a rural sandy beach in northwestern mainland Portugal, following the guideline of the Oslo – Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR). Eight seasonal field surveys were conducted from October 2022 to July 2024. A total of 6213 litter items were collected, corresponding to an average litter density of 777 items per 100 m of coastline. Plastic accounted for 83.6 % of the total debris. The top three most frequently occurring types of marine litter were plastic fragments in the 0–2.5 cm and 2.5–50 cm size ranges, along with string and cord from fishing activities. Single-use plastics, including food containers, beverage bottles, cutlery and straws, represented only 12.9 % of the total litter items. The high prevalence of plastic fragments relative to single-use plastics and the signs of weathering observed on most items highlighted the beach's role as a receptor for marine debris. A notable deposition of expanded clay pebbles was recorded throughout the study period, most likely originating from cargo handling at nearby port facilities. Additional research is required to assess their potential impacts on marine ecosystems, and corrective measures must be implemented to prevent their release into coastal waters. Furthermore, the high abundance of litter recorded on this scarcely visited beach underscores the considerable efforts still needed in waste management and public awareness to improve the quality of marine and coastal environments in the northeastern Atlantic region.
{"title":"Exploring marine litter abundance and composition on a rural sandy beach in Portugal","authors":"Mário Cerqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine litter in coastal areas represents a significant environmental issue that severely impacts biodiversity, ecosystems, human well-being and economic activities. This study investigates the abundance and composition of marine litter on a rural sandy beach in northwestern mainland Portugal, following the guideline of the Oslo – Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR). Eight seasonal field surveys were conducted from October 2022 to July 2024. A total of 6213 litter items were collected, corresponding to an average litter density of 777 items per 100 m of coastline. Plastic accounted for 83.6 % of the total debris. The top three most frequently occurring types of marine litter were plastic fragments in the 0–2.5 cm and 2.5–50 cm size ranges, along with string and cord from fishing activities. Single-use plastics, including food containers, beverage bottles, cutlery and straws, represented only 12.9 % of the total litter items. The high prevalence of plastic fragments relative to single-use plastics and the signs of weathering observed on most items highlighted the beach's role as a receptor for marine debris. A notable deposition of expanded clay pebbles was recorded throughout the study period, most likely originating from cargo handling at nearby port facilities. Additional research is required to assess their potential impacts on marine ecosystems, and corrective measures must be implemented to prevent their release into coastal waters. Furthermore, the high abundance of litter recorded on this scarcely visited beach underscores the considerable efforts still needed in waste management and public awareness to improve the quality of marine and coastal environments in the northeastern Atlantic region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101068
Vuri Ayu Setyowati , Fakhreza Abdul
The growing demand for ferronickel has led many researchers to continuously explore ferronickel making processes over the past decade. With the increasing demand for energy-efficient processes, the selective reduction of laterite nickel ore, followed by ferronickel metal separation, has become the main focus. Researchers have studied and published many process variables or features to date. Among the various process variables, achieving high-grade and nickel recovery is the primary goal. This research attempts to take a machine learning approach to find the right model for process optimization. Data sets were collected from published studies that feature nickel ore grade (Ni and Fe content) and reduction process (temperature, additives, reductant, etc.), while prediction models for Ni grade and recovery were formed from four types of regression algorithms. Thus, the obtained models provide comprehensive information and summarize the research results developed over the past decade, highlighting the influence of each feature on the target. Furthermore, the machine learning approach can expedite the process of achieving the target Ni grade and recovery. The model with the random forest regression algorithm was chosen because it can predict Ni grade and recovery well, as evidenced by the R2 training values of 0.95 and 0.97 when predicting Ni grade and recovery, respectively.
{"title":"Machine learning approach for revealing the nickel grade and recovery optimization in reduction process of laterite ores","authors":"Vuri Ayu Setyowati , Fakhreza Abdul","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for ferronickel has led many researchers to continuously explore ferronickel making processes over the past decade. With the increasing demand for energy-efficient processes, the selective reduction of laterite nickel ore, followed by ferronickel metal separation, has become the main focus. Researchers have studied and published many process variables or features to date. Among the various process variables, achieving high-grade and nickel recovery is the primary goal. This research attempts to take a machine learning approach to find the right model for process optimization. Data sets were collected from published studies that feature nickel ore grade (Ni and Fe content) and reduction process (temperature, additives, reductant, etc.), while prediction models for Ni grade and recovery were formed from four types of regression algorithms. Thus, the obtained models provide comprehensive information and summarize the research results developed over the past decade, highlighting the influence of each feature on the target. Furthermore, the machine learning approach can expedite the process of achieving the target Ni grade and recovery. The model with the random forest regression algorithm was chosen because it can predict Ni grade and recovery well, as evidenced by the R<sup>2</sup> training values of 0.95 and 0.97 when predicting Ni grade and recovery, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study tackles the challenge of low copper recovery rates in supergene zones where copper oxides are associated with iron oxides. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed, achieving high accuracy (R2 = 0.866) to optimize flotation processes for oxidized copper ores. Shapley values ranked sulfidizing agent (NaHS) and collector dosage (PAX) as the most influential factors, with NaHS and iron negatively affecting recovery, while PAX and copper oxide content had positive effects. Optimal conditions were validated on an industrial scale, achieving 75.66 % copper recovery, confirming the effectiveness of the optimized parameters through mineralogical analysis.
{"title":"Enhancing flotation of oxidized copper ores through the integration of artificial neural network and the design of experiments approach for process optimization","authors":"Hassan Oumesaoud , Rachid Faouzi , Khalid Naji , Intissar Benzakour , Hakim Faqir , Rachid Oukhrib , Moulay Abdelazize Aboulhassan","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study tackles the challenge of low copper recovery rates in supergene zones where copper oxides are associated with iron oxides. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed, achieving high accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.866) to optimize flotation processes for oxidized copper ores. Shapley values ranked sulfidizing agent (NaHS) and collector dosage (PAX) as the most influential factors, with NaHS and iron negatively affecting recovery, while PAX and copper oxide content had positive effects. Optimal conditions were validated on an industrial scale, achieving 75.66 % copper recovery, confirming the effectiveness of the optimized parameters through mineralogical analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of gasoline, ethanol, and fusel oil blends on engine performance and emissions under varying engine speeds (1000–3000 rpm) and throttle positions (10–40 %). The blends reduced brake power by 3.5–7.1 % and increased Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption by 6.1–16.8 % for ethanol and 4.6–15.9 % for fusel oil. Brake thermal efficiency also declined for both blends. However, emissions improved significantly, with NOx reductions of 17.3 % (ethanol) and 13.8 % (fusel oil), CO reductions of 13.1 % and 9.1 %, and HC reductions of 8.8 % and 6.16 %, respectively. The results highlight trade-offs between performance and emission benefits.
{"title":"Evaluation of engine performance and emissions using blends of gasoline, ethanol, and fusel oil","authors":"S.M. Rosdi , Erdiwansyah , Mohd Fairusham Ghazali , Rizalman Mamat","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of gasoline, ethanol, and fusel oil blends on engine performance and emissions under varying engine speeds (1000–3000 rpm) and throttle positions (10–40 %). The blends reduced brake power by 3.5–7.1 % and increased Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption by 6.1–16.8 % for ethanol and 4.6–15.9 % for fusel oil. Brake thermal efficiency also declined for both blends. However, emissions improved significantly, with NOx reductions of 17.3 % (ethanol) and 13.8 % (fusel oil), CO reductions of 13.1 % and 9.1 %, and HC reductions of 8.8 % and 6.16 %, respectively. The results highlight trade-offs between performance and emission benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have been synthesized using Siam oranges (Citrus nobilis Lour.) peel extract as a capping agent with varied concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of cubic fluorite crystal structured CeO2NPs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that CeO2NPs were quasi-spherical with sizes ranging from 10 to 40 nm. The most optimum concentration of siam orange peel extract was 10 %. IC50 value of 70.55 mg mL−1 indicates a strong antioxidant activity of sample. Additionally, the antibacterial activity showed that CeO2NPs were highly effective against S.aureus bacteria demonstrating their potential for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Citrus nobilis Lour. Peel extract and evaluation of their potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents","authors":"Gusliani Eka Putri , Arniati Labanni , Syukri Arief , Putri Dafriani , Ika Yulia Darma , Sri Handayani , Widyastuti , Norzawani Jaffar , Marsal Mahmud , Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub>NPs) have been synthesized using Siam oranges (<em>Citrus nobilis</em> Lour.) peel extract as a capping agent with varied concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of cubic fluorite crystal structured CeO<sub>2</sub>NPs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that CeO<sub>2</sub>NPs were quasi-spherical with sizes ranging from 10 to 40 nm. The most optimum concentration of siam orange peel extract was 10 %. IC50 value of 70.55 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> indicates a strong antioxidant activity of sample. Additionally, the antibacterial activity showed that CeO<sub>2</sub>NPs were highly effective against <em>S.aureus</em> bacteria demonstrating their potential for biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101066
Motasem Y.D. Alazaiza , Aiman A. Bin Mokaizh , Abdullah O. Baarimah , Tharaa Al-Zghoul
The agro and allied sectors generate various wastes, including crop residues, seeds, peels, and husks, which, if not managed properly, can cause significant environmental harm. However, these wastes hold potential as valuable resources that can be transformed into useful components for food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and bioenergy applications. This bibliometric study analyzes research trends, methods, and applications related to agro-waste valorization from 2000 to 2024. The analysis reveals a marked increase in the adoption of green extraction methodologies, such as supercritical fluid extraction and enzymatic extraction, with publications rising from 1 in 2001 to 78 in 2024. Key countries leading this research include India, Brazil, and China, while Portugal is notable for its high average citations per document, indicating impactful research contributions. Prominent journals in this field include “Trends in Food Science and Technology,” “Food Research International,” and “Waste and Biomass Valorization,” which focus on the extraction of bioactive compounds and their applications. The results highlight the potential of agro-waste for developing functional foods, packaging, and other value-added products, while also addressing challenges related to scalability, and variability in bioactive compound recovery. This study underscores the effectiveness of various extraction methods, including supercritical fluid extraction, hydro-methanolic extraction, and solid-state fermentation, in recovering bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants. Future research should focus on optimizing extraction methodologies, enhancing bioavailability, and exploring synergistic approaches to integrate agro-waste processing with renewable energy systems.
{"title":"From agro-waste to bioactive wealth: Analyzing nutraceutical extraction and applications","authors":"Motasem Y.D. Alazaiza , Aiman A. Bin Mokaizh , Abdullah O. Baarimah , Tharaa Al-Zghoul","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The agro and allied sectors generate various wastes, including crop residues, seeds, peels, and husks, which, if not managed properly, can cause significant environmental harm. However, these wastes hold potential as valuable resources that can be transformed into useful components for food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and bioenergy applications. This bibliometric study analyzes research trends, methods, and applications related to agro-waste valorization from 2000 to 2024. The analysis reveals a marked increase in the adoption of green extraction methodologies, such as supercritical fluid extraction and enzymatic extraction, with publications rising from 1 in 2001 to 78 in 2024. Key countries leading this research include India, Brazil, and China, while Portugal is notable for its high average citations per document, indicating impactful research contributions. Prominent journals in this field include “Trends in Food Science and Technology,” “Food Research International,” and “Waste and Biomass Valorization,” which focus on the extraction of bioactive compounds and their applications. The results highlight the potential of agro-waste for developing functional foods, packaging, and other value-added products, while also addressing challenges related to scalability, and variability in bioactive compound recovery. This study underscores the effectiveness of various extraction methods, including supercritical fluid extraction, hydro-methanolic extraction, and solid-state fermentation, in recovering bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants. Future research should focus on optimizing extraction methodologies, enhancing bioavailability, and exploring synergistic approaches to integrate agro-waste processing with renewable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101067
Arif Rahman , M.A.M. Oktaufik , Triyono Widi Sasongko , Iwan Guntoro , Dadi Soedjati , Najmi Abbas , Abdul Rahman , Fathiah Ulfah , Ari Widiarto , Siswanto , Dharmawan , Sudarwaji Edi Yuwono Trihadi , Kusrestuwardani , Anggara Lomak Prihatin , Adim Hadi , Surat Indrijarso , Priyambodo Rahardjo , Arief Barkah , Irhan Febijanto , Nugroho Adi Sasongko
WCO is a second-generation biofuel made up of accumulated free fatty acids, which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The review aims to: (a) evaluate the sustainability of waste cooking oil (WCO) for biodiesel production in Indonesia using life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methods; (b) explain the challenges, development, recommendation, and industrial potential of WCO for biodiesel production in Indonesia; and (c) determine the sustainability concept of WCO for biodiesel production. This study was carried out by reviewing papers related to LCSA which include Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA). The review found that the WCO collection, pretreatment, and transesterification processes have the biggest environmental impact caused by the use of chemicals, catalysts, and electrical energy from fossil fuels. According to the LCCA results, WCO-based biodiesel production has a high economic potential and is more practicable due to lower raw material and production costs than biodiesel from edible and non-edible plants. Meanwhile, the SLCA aspect emphasizes that the WCO-based biodiesel industry must consider social indicators such as employment provision, human rights, human health impact, working conditions, local community impact, cultural heritage, socio-economic repercussions, governance, and large accident risk. There are several recommendations that can be made to develop WCO-based biodiesel, namely the government must demonstrate political commitment by promoting WCO as a national energy source feedstock. The sustainable concept has three pillars: environmental, economic, and social. These pillars must simultaneously direct every stage of the WCO production process. To produce high-quality biodiesel, the government must support all of these stages, establish regulations and governance for WCO supply and the WCO processing industry, and provide implementable R&D, adequate funding, and a campaign to raise awareness of the importance of reprocessing WCO into potentially profitable biodiesel in a circular economy.
{"title":"Current scenario and potential of waste cooking oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production in Indonesia: Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) review","authors":"Arif Rahman , M.A.M. Oktaufik , Triyono Widi Sasongko , Iwan Guntoro , Dadi Soedjati , Najmi Abbas , Abdul Rahman , Fathiah Ulfah , Ari Widiarto , Siswanto , Dharmawan , Sudarwaji Edi Yuwono Trihadi , Kusrestuwardani , Anggara Lomak Prihatin , Adim Hadi , Surat Indrijarso , Priyambodo Rahardjo , Arief Barkah , Irhan Febijanto , Nugroho Adi Sasongko","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WCO is a second-generation biofuel made up of accumulated free fatty acids, which can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The review aims to: (a) evaluate the sustainability of waste cooking oil (WCO) for biodiesel production in Indonesia using life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methods; (b) explain the challenges, development, recommendation, and industrial potential of WCO for biodiesel production in Indonesia; and (c) determine the sustainability concept of WCO for biodiesel production. This study was carried out by reviewing papers related to LCSA which include Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA). The review found that the WCO collection, pretreatment, and transesterification processes have the biggest environmental impact caused by the use of chemicals, catalysts, and electrical energy from fossil fuels. According to the LCCA results, WCO-based biodiesel production has a high economic potential and is more practicable due to lower raw material and production costs than biodiesel from edible and non-edible plants. Meanwhile, the SLCA aspect emphasizes that the WCO-based biodiesel industry must consider social indicators such as employment provision, human rights, human health impact, working conditions, local community impact, cultural heritage, socio-economic repercussions, governance, and large accident risk. There are several recommendations that can be made to develop WCO-based biodiesel, namely the government must demonstrate political commitment by promoting WCO as a national energy source feedstock. The sustainable concept has three pillars: environmental, economic, and social. These pillars must simultaneously direct every stage of the WCO production process. To produce high-quality biodiesel, the government must support all of these stages, establish regulations and governance for WCO supply and the WCO processing industry, and provide implementable R&D, adequate funding, and a campaign to raise awareness of the importance of reprocessing WCO into potentially profitable biodiesel in a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A hybrid biodegradable polymer film based on polyvinyl alcohol/whey protein with the addition of cellulose nanocrystals was developed by casting a homogeneous mixture containing the three components. The nano-reinforcing agent was successfully dispersed into a different ratio of polyvinyl alcohol/whey protein blend (70/30, 80/20, 90/10). The findings show that adding polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanocrystals into the whey protein isolate matrix improves the film's mechanical (thickness, tensile strength and elongation), physicochemical (transparency, solubility, WVP, FT-IR, XRD, and degradation), morphological (SEM) and thermal stability (TGA, DTG, Ea), which shows the higher flexibility but maintains the poor water resistance, tensile strength and compatibility with interactions in the mixed matrix. The ratio of 70/30 blend film also has better film properties and is adequate for packaging applications.
{"title":"Development of hybrid biodegradable polymer based on polyvinyl alcohol and whey protein isolate reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal from pineapple crown leaf","authors":"Fitriani Fitriani , Sri Aprilia , Melbi Mahardika , Nanang Masruchin , Wahyu Rinaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hybrid biodegradable polymer film based on polyvinyl alcohol/whey protein with the addition of cellulose nanocrystals was developed by casting a homogeneous mixture containing the three components. The nano-reinforcing agent was successfully dispersed into a different ratio of polyvinyl alcohol/whey protein blend (70/30, 80/20, 90/10). The findings show that adding polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanocrystals into the whey protein isolate matrix improves the film's mechanical (thickness, tensile strength and elongation), physicochemical (transparency, solubility, WVP, FT-IR, XRD, and degradation), morphological (SEM) and thermal stability (TGA, DTG, Ea), which shows the higher flexibility but maintains the poor water resistance, tensile strength and compatibility with interactions in the mixed matrix. The ratio of 70/30 blend film also has better film properties and is adequate for packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101057
Lutfi Chabib , Nursal , Mazidatulakmam Miskam , Noor Haida Mohd Kaus , Muhammad Hakimin Shafie , Muhammadin Hamid , Indah Revita Saragi , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Dinda Amilia , Ivi Briliansi Dalimunthe , Hadi Wijoyo
Addressing the issue of organic pollutants in the environment has become a hot topic among researchers. Therefore, this study aims to degrade an organic pollutant, precisely glycerin solution, using graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanoparticles through adsorption. Subsequently, tests were conducted based on morphological, structural, and optical properties. The results obtained in this study are as follows: XRD analysis showed a significant peak at 27.74°, confirming the material's layered structure and good crystallinity. HR-TEM analysis revealed an optimal average particle size of 8.87 nm. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups contributing to degradation activity. UV–Vis analysis indicated a band gap of 2.31 eV, enabling effective visible light absorption.
Additionally, PL spectra demonstrated luminescence properties with peaks at 464 nm and 495 nm, indicating potential applications in photonics and sensors. The adsorption capacity obtained from glycerin degradation was 6.5 mg/g, which is a good result. These findings highlight the structural integrity of g-C3N4, optimal particle size, and favorable optical properties as significant factors that make g-C3N4 highly appealing for degradation materials.
{"title":"Optimization of g-C3N4 nanoparticles on structural, morphological, and optical properties as organic pollutants adsorbent in glycerin","authors":"Lutfi Chabib , Nursal , Mazidatulakmam Miskam , Noor Haida Mohd Kaus , Muhammad Hakimin Shafie , Muhammadin Hamid , Indah Revita Saragi , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Dinda Amilia , Ivi Briliansi Dalimunthe , Hadi Wijoyo","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the issue of organic pollutants in the environment has become a hot topic among researchers. Therefore, this study aims to degrade an organic pollutant, precisely glycerin solution, using graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanoparticles through adsorption. Subsequently, tests were conducted based on morphological, structural, and optical properties. The results obtained in this study are as follows: XRD analysis showed a significant peak at 27.74°, confirming the material's layered structure and good crystallinity. HR-TEM analysis revealed an optimal average particle size of 8.87 nm. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups contributing to degradation activity. UV–Vis analysis indicated a band gap of 2.31 eV, enabling effective visible light absorption.</div><div>Additionally, PL spectra demonstrated luminescence properties with peaks at 464 nm and 495 nm, indicating potential applications in photonics and sensors. The adsorption capacity obtained from glycerin degradation was 6.5 mg/g, which is a good result. These findings highlight the structural integrity of g-C3N4, optimal particle size, and favorable optical properties as significant factors that make g-C3N4 highly appealing for degradation materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101060
Néstor A. Urbina-Suarez , Cristian J. Salcedo-Pabón , Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero , German L. López-Barrera , Janet B. García-Martínez , Andrés F. Barajas-Solano , Fiderman Machuca-Martínez
This study proposes a biotechnological strategy integrating an advanced oxidation process based on bicarbonate/H₂O₂ (BAP) with microalgae cultivation to simultaneously address tannery wastewater treatment and resource recovery. The key innovation lies in combining the BAP system with the growth of Chlorella sp., enhancing both wastewater quality and biomass production enriched with valuable metabolites. Under optimal conditions (H₂O₂: 0.2 M, sodium bicarbonate: 0.179 M, 63 °C, pH 5.3, reaction time: 1 h, reactor volume: 2 L, agitation: 550 rpm), the BAP system achieved 95.4 % removal of N–NH₄, 56 % color reduction, and 55–75 % removal of COD, TOC, and BOD. This pretreatment not only improved the biodegradability and reduced the toxicity of the effluent but also provided a more suitable medium for microalgal cultivation. In this context, Chlorella sp. exhibited a significant increase in biomass production (1.86 g L⁻1) and growth rate (0.13 d⁻1) compared to controls in untreated media. Furthermore, the integrated system enhanced the accumulation of lipids and proteins in the biomass, emphasizing its potential as biofertilizer and feedstock for biofuels. This interdisciplinary approach offers an effective and sustainable solution for the remediation of complex effluents while promoting circular economy principles by recovering valuable resources. It stands as an innovative environmental technology model with industrial and societal impact.
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