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2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)最新文献

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Combining mechanical, electrical and thermal energy conversion for ecological vehicle energy harvesting concepts 结合机械、电力和热能转换为生态车辆能量收集的概念
M. Schier, Mounir Nasri, W. Kraft, N. Kevlishvili, Johannes J. H. Paulides, L. Encica
In comparison with common combustion motor driven vehicles future electric driven vehicles vary more in their reachable range because of the high drive train efficiency and the different energy demand requirements in different drive conditions. One of the main issues to improve the overall range is the minimization of energy consumption. On the one hand an adapted energy management strategy is needed to achieve a more comfortable and acceptable equalization in the range. On the other hand it is important to recuperate mechanical, electrical and thermal energy, both inside and from the vehicles wherever possible. For example, it is thinkable to use the kinetic energy of braking vehicles outside the vehicle to power traffic lights. If a combustion process is used, a lot of waste thermal energy can be reused from the tailpipe. Or solar energy may be used. If a vehicle has a varying duty-cycle it makes sense to adapt the powertrain to suit the power need. Whatever the available energy, it has to go hand in hand with minimizing the energy consumption. This paper is based on the knowledge and combination of future technologies [2], which are useful to collect and convert energy coming from different sources within a vehicle.
与普通的内燃机驱动汽车相比,未来电动汽车的可达里程差异更大,因为传动系统效率高,不同驱动条件下的能量需求不同。提高整体范围的主要问题之一是最小化能源消耗。一方面,需要一个适应的能量管理战略,以实现更舒适和可接受的均衡范围。另一方面,在任何可能的情况下,从车辆内部和车辆中回收机械、电力和热能是很重要的。例如,利用车外制动车辆的动能为交通灯供电是可以想象的。如果使用燃烧过程,大量的废热能可以从排气管中重新利用。或者可以使用太阳能。如果车辆具有不同的占空比,那么调整动力系统以适应动力需求是有意义的。无论可用的能源是什么,它都必须与最小化能源消耗齐头并进。这篇论文是基于未来技术[2]的知识和组合,这些技术有助于在车辆内收集和转换来自不同来源的能量。
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引用次数: 2
Fabrication and characterization of silicon nanowires for photovoltaic applications 光伏应用硅纳米线的制备与表征
B. Dieng, M. Beye, A. S. Maiga, M. Toure, D. Kobor
This study pertains to the fabrication of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by the Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) method and their characterization. Here, silver (Ag)-metal is used as catalyst. For different deposition times of the Ag-metal, SiNWs with different heights are obtained. The optical and electrical properties of the SiNWs are analyzed and compared with those of the bulk silicon. It was found that SiNWs, obtained for 5 minutes processing, perform better than the others. They exhibit the lowest reflectance (around 5%) and the best electric conductivity.
本文研究了金属辅助化学蚀刻(MACE)法制备硅纳米线及其表征。在这里,银(Ag)金属被用作催化剂。对于不同的银金属沉积时间,可以得到不同高度的SiNWs。分析了SiNWs的光学和电学性质,并与本体硅进行了比较。结果发现,经过5分钟处理获得的sinw比其他sinw表现更好。它们具有最低的反射率(约5%)和最佳的导电性。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and simulation of a wave energy converter system. Case study: Point absorber 波浪能转换系统的建模与仿真。案例研究:点吸收器
J. S. Artal-Sevil, J. Dominguez, H. El-Shalakany, R. Dufo
Wind and solar energy have been taking the control of the renewable energy market, as costs have decreased rapidly and the threats from climate change have made clear the need to change from fossil fuels. Wave energy has been underrated all the past years. Wave energy has more potential and more advantage the other forms of renewable energy. More predictable, consistent and controllable than either wind or solar power, with the right infrastructure in place, it could be a sustainable alternative for supplying base-load power. It also has a very low impact that neither disturbs aquatic life nor spoils the coastal view that prompts so much ire from the public. The paper presents a wave power converter system. The results obtained are analyzed and the data of the simulation are presented as preliminary validation. The purpose it is to discuss different wave energy converter WEC, we will have a full simulation of each type and discuss the functioning of each one of them. The models are implemented and simulated through the applications Design Modeler, ANSYS AQWA and WEC-SIM. On the basis of the simulated results, we can conclude that generating power from the wave is quite promising for our future and will be a great addition in the renewable energy market, and will contribute to face the global climate change problem.
风能和太阳能一直在控制可再生能源市场,因为成本迅速下降,气候变化的威胁已经明确表明,有必要从化石燃料中改变。波浪能在过去几年一直被低估。波浪能比其他形式的可再生能源具有更大的潜力和优势。与风能或太阳能相比,它更具可预测性、一致性和可控性,加上合适的基础设施,它可能成为供应基本负荷电力的可持续替代方案。它的影响也很低,既不会干扰水生生物,也不会破坏引起公众愤怒的海岸景观。本文介绍了一种波浪能转换系统。对所得结果进行了分析,并给出了仿真数据作为初步验证。目的是讨论不同的波能转换器WEC,我们将对每种类型的波能转换器WEC进行完整的模拟,并讨论每种类型的功能。通过Design Modeler、ANSYS AQWA和WEC-SIM等软件对模型进行了实现和仿真。根据模拟结果,我们可以得出结论,利用海浪发电对我们的未来非常有希望,将是可再生能源市场的一大补充,并将有助于应对全球气候变化问题。
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引用次数: 5
A bidirectional dual active bridge converter for V2G applications based on DC microgrid 基于直流微电网的V2G双向双有源桥式变换器
Ioannis Skouros, Adamantios Bampoulas, A. Karlis
DC microgrids are becoming more and more popular since they are considered the next generation power systems. In the meantime, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained increased popularity because they can be a promising solution to the rising concerns about environmental and energy issues. Due to the attractiveness of the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology, the present study focuses on designing a bidirectional DC charger of an EV. The DC-DC converter used in this study is the Dual Active Bridge converter. A design methodology as well as a control strategy is proposed. The proposed charging configuration has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Some interesting results about the effectiveness and the dynamic response of the proposed configuration have been obtained.
由于直流微电网被认为是下一代电力系统,因此越来越受到人们的欢迎。与此同时,电动汽车(ev)越来越受欢迎,因为它们可以成为解决日益严重的环境和能源问题的有希望的解决方案。由于车辆到电网(V2G)技术的吸引力,本研究的重点是设计电动汽车的双向直流充电器。本研究中使用的DC-DC变换器是双有源桥变换器。提出了一种设计方法和控制策略。在Matlab/Simulink中对所提出的充电配置进行了仿真。在有效性和动态响应方面得到了一些有趣的结果。
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引用次数: 14
Analysing the driving load on electric vehicles using unsupervised segmentation models as enabler to determine the time of battery replacement and assess driving mileage 采用无监督分割模型对电动汽车行驶负荷进行分析,确定电池更换时间,评估行驶里程
T. Nguyen, Artur Mrowca, B. Moser, A. Jossen
The aim of this contribution is to study the driving load on electric vehicles through data mining methods. The battery pack is currently the major cost driver for these vehicles. Thus, battery durability is an important lever to economically establish electric mobility in the mass market. A segmentation modelling approach, based on unsupervised clustering algorithms, evaluates battery management system field data from BMW i3 vehicles such as state of charge, temperature and current in terms of their historical distribution. Clustering algorithms, due to their frequent use in the field of machine learning and information retrieval, are able to analyse big quantities of vehicle data with the aim to group vehicles with similar driving behaviour. The cluster analysis is further validated using the method of calculating respective silhouette coefficients to assess clustering performance and the influence of input parameters. The analysis of histograms concludes with the definition of the most common types of drivers worldwide. The vehicle clusters can further be correlated with battery ageing in order to find suitable 2nd life applications as part of stationary energy storage systems.
本贡献的目的是通过数据挖掘方法研究电动汽车的行驶负荷。电池组目前是这些汽车的主要成本驱动因素。因此,电池耐久性是在大众市场上经济地建立电动交通的重要杠杆。基于无监督聚类算法的分割建模方法,根据其历史分布评估宝马i3车辆的电池管理系统现场数据,如充电状态、温度和电流。聚类算法,由于其在机器学习和信息检索领域的频繁使用,能够分析大量的车辆数据,目的是将具有相似驾驶行为的车辆分组。使用计算各自轮廓系数的方法进一步验证了聚类分析,以评估聚类性能和输入参数的影响。直方图的分析总结了世界范围内最常见的驾驶员类型的定义。车辆集群可以进一步与电池老化相关联,以便找到合适的二次寿命应用,作为固定储能系统的一部分。
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引用次数: 1
Study of battery performance with hardware in the loop simulation of a working vehicle 工作车辆电池性能的硬件在环仿真研究
F. Mocera, E. Vergori, A. Somà
In this paper the attention is focused on a specific battery testing methodology for high power electric vehicles applications. The growing interest towards the working vehicles electrification increased the demand for a greater knowledge on battery performance. Due to the high power demand that characterizes these applications, a deeper understanding of the battery behaviour is necessary and requires specific testing techniques. In this work, a testing approach closer to real working conditions is considered. The attention is focused on the power demand that the ESS must satisfy to achieve certain vehicle performance. A numerical model of a working vehicle developed in previous works is used to test in Real Time a LiFePO4 cell in a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) testing configuration. The output Voltage-Current characteristic is thus compared with the same output generated by the numerical model of the considered battery.
在本文的注意力集中在一个特定的电池测试方法为大功率电动汽车的应用。对工作车辆电气化日益增长的兴趣增加了对电池性能的更多知识的需求。由于这些应用的特点是高功率需求,因此有必要更深入地了解电池的行为,并需要特定的测试技术。在这项工作中,考虑了一种更接近实际工作条件的测试方法。人们的注意力集中在ESS必须满足的功率需求上,以达到一定的车辆性能。在之前的工作中开发了一个工作车辆的数值模型,用于在硬件在环(HIL)测试配置中实时测试LiFePO4电池。因此,输出电压-电流特性与所考虑的电池的数值模型产生的相同输出进行了比较。
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引用次数: 6
Environmental sustainability in non-residential buildings by automating and optimization LENI index 基于自动化和优化LENI指数的非住宅建筑环境可持续性
F. Raimondi, D. Curto, D. Milone
Directive 2002/91 / EC as amended by 2010/31 / EU introduces procedures for energy certification aimed to determine, through the numerical indicators, the overall energy efficiency of the buildings, but notes the thermal and electric consumption. Often, the power consumption is incorrectly underestimated, this consumption would to be considered with great attention. In fact, compared to a committed capacity of less, compared to thermal plants, have times of utilization often far higher, leading to energy requirements to levels similar or even higher than those thermal, being the conversion factor of the electrical energy increasingly high. Leaving aside the procedural scheme energy certification, this article proposes a procedure, based on UNI EN 15193 and EN 15232 A possible to assess, through a numeric indicator of efficiency systems for electric lighting of the interior, they are kind of on / off equipped with systems for automatic adjustment dependent occupation of the premises or on the availability of daylight.
2010/31 / EU修订的指令2002/91 / EC引入了能源认证程序,旨在通过数字指标确定建筑物的整体能源效率,但注意到热电消耗。通常,功耗被错误地低估了,这种功耗需要非常注意。事实上,相比于承诺的容量少,相比于热电厂,有利用的时间往往要高得多,导致能源需求水平与热电厂相似甚至高于热电厂,电能的转换系数也越来越高。撇开程序方案能源认证不谈,本文提出了一个基于UNI EN 15193和EN 15232 a的程序,可以通过室内电气照明效率系统的数字指标来评估,它们是一种带有自动调节系统的开/关系统,取决于房屋的占用情况或日光的可用性。
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引用次数: 1
Analytical model-based optimization of the force production capability of IPM T-LSMs: Application to wave energy conversion systems 基于分析模型的IPM t - lsm力生产能力优化:在波浪能转换系统中的应用
Rihab Bel Hadj Slimen, I. Abdennadher, A. Masmoudi
Linear permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines have been and continue to be viable candidates in many industrial applications where they exhibit higher performance than their rotating counterparts. In this paper, an analytical model-based optimization procedure of interior PM tubular linear synchronous machines (IPM-TLSMs) with fractional-slot-arranged winding in the armature, is developed in an attempt to enhance their electromagnetic force production capability. The proposed optimization procedure is initially-applied to an elementary concept. The force of the optimized concept is validated by a 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Then, the optimization procedure is extended to the entire machine. In spite of the force enhancement, it has been found that the machine is penalized by asymmetrical phase flux linkages. An approach to counter this limitation, through the reduction of the end effect, is proposed and validated by 2D FEA.
线性永磁(PM)同步电机已经并将继续在许多工业应用中成为可行的候选人,在这些应用中,它们表现出比旋转同类更高的性能。本文提出了一种基于解析模型的电枢分段开槽绕组内嵌式永磁管状直线同步电机优化方法,以提高其电磁力产生能力。所提出的优化过程首先应用于一个基本概念。通过二维有限元分析(FEA)验证了优化方案的有效性。然后,将优化过程扩展到整台机器。尽管力增强了,但发现不对称相位磁链对机器不利。通过减少末端效应,提出了一种克服这一限制的方法,并通过二维有限元分析进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
FEA-assisted steady-state modelling of a spoke type IPM machine with enhanced flux weakening capability 具有增强磁链减弱能力的辐条型IPM机床的有限元辅助稳态建模
Nada Elloumi, A. Masmoudi, M. Bortolozzi, A. Tessarolo
Interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines with spoke-type design are possible candidates for various applications, including vehicle traction. One of their drawback is the high demagnetizing current required in the flux weakening region to let the motor achieve high speeds. This problem can be mitigated by equipping the motor with a mechanical devices consisting of mobile rotor yokes. These move radially by centrifugal force so as to reduce the air-gap flux at high speed with no need for demagnetizing current injection. This paper addresses the problem of modeling such IPM motor to study its steady-state behavior under different operating conditions, both in the full-flux and in the flux-weakening region of the speed range. The approach uses a limited set of non-linear finite element analysis to characterize the dependency of motor flux linkages on the stator currents and rotor position. Interpolating functions are then obtained to mathematically capture this dependency and plug it into the steady-state electromechanical equations of the motor. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method are assessed through on-load measurements taken on the modelled motor both in low and high speed operation.
具有辐条式设计的内部永磁(IPM)机器可能用于各种应用,包括车辆牵引。它们的缺点之一是在磁通减弱区需要高的退磁电流,以使电机达到高速。这个问题可以通过给电动机配备一个由可移动转子轭组成的机械装置来缓解。它们通过离心力径向运动,从而在高速下减少气隙磁通,而无需退磁电流注入。本文研究了这类永磁电机的建模问题,研究了其在不同工况下的稳态行为,包括转速范围内的全磁通区和磁通减弱区。该方法采用有限的非线性有限元分析来表征电机磁链与定子电流和转子位置的关系。然后获得插值函数以数学方式捕获这种依赖性并将其插入电机的稳态机电方程中。通过对模型电机在低速和高速运行时的有载测量,评估了该方法的有效性和准确性。
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引用次数: 2
Energy consumption of parallel type hybrid electric vehicle with continuously variable transmission using electric oil pump 采用电动油泵的并联式无级变速混合动力汽车能耗分析
Junbeom Wi, Hyun-ho Kim, J. Yoo, Hanho Son, Hyunsoo Kim, Byungjae Kim
This paper presents a design of electrified hydraulic control system for a parallel type hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with continuously variable transmission (CVT). Considering the hybrid characteristics and CVT feature which requires high line pressure to supply the demanded clamping force, three electrified hydraulic system: (1) 1-MOP+1-EOP, (2) 2-EOP and (3) 1-EOP were proposed and the energy consumption was evaluated. The EOP displacement was designed considering the demanded flow rate and pump efficiency. To investigate the amount of flow, pressure and energy consumption of the electrified hydraulic control system, an AMESim-MATLAB/Simulink co-simulator was developed for the target HEV, which consists of the vehicle powertrain and hydraulic system model. From the simulation results, it was found that 2-EOP system shows the smallest energy consumption while satisfying the required control, lubrication and leakage flow.
介绍了一种无级变速并联混合动力汽车(HEV)电动液压控制系统的设计。考虑到混合动力特性和无级变速器需要高管路压力提供所需夹紧力的特点,提出了(1)1- mop +1- eop、(2)2- eop和(3)1- eop三种电动液压系统,并对其能耗进行了评价。EOP排量的设计考虑了所需的流量和泵效率。为了研究电动液压控制系统的流量、压力和能耗,针对目标HEV开发了AMESim-MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真器,该仿真器由整车动力总成和液压系统模型组成。仿真结果表明,在满足控制、润滑和泄漏流量要求的情况下,2-EOP系统的能耗最小。
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引用次数: 18
期刊
2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)
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