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2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)最新文献

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An ergonomics and safety study of the aCar electric vehicle design optimization aCar电动汽车设计优化的人机工程学与安全性研究
Martin Šoltés, Franziska Degmayr, L. Berger, Sascha Koberstaedt, M. Lienkamp
For specialized electric vehicles outside of the typical vehicle classes, the traditional methods for designing the ergonomics do not provide adequate results. An ergonomics study and new methods described in this paper are required.
对于典型车型以外的专用电动汽车,传统的人机工程学设计方法不能提供足够的结果。需要进行工效学研究和本文所描述的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Combining mechanical, electrical and thermal energy conversion for ecological vehicle energy harvesting concepts 结合机械、电力和热能转换为生态车辆能量收集的概念
M. Schier, Mounir Nasri, W. Kraft, N. Kevlishvili, Johannes J. H. Paulides, L. Encica
In comparison with common combustion motor driven vehicles future electric driven vehicles vary more in their reachable range because of the high drive train efficiency and the different energy demand requirements in different drive conditions. One of the main issues to improve the overall range is the minimization of energy consumption. On the one hand an adapted energy management strategy is needed to achieve a more comfortable and acceptable equalization in the range. On the other hand it is important to recuperate mechanical, electrical and thermal energy, both inside and from the vehicles wherever possible. For example, it is thinkable to use the kinetic energy of braking vehicles outside the vehicle to power traffic lights. If a combustion process is used, a lot of waste thermal energy can be reused from the tailpipe. Or solar energy may be used. If a vehicle has a varying duty-cycle it makes sense to adapt the powertrain to suit the power need. Whatever the available energy, it has to go hand in hand with minimizing the energy consumption. This paper is based on the knowledge and combination of future technologies [2], which are useful to collect and convert energy coming from different sources within a vehicle.
与普通的内燃机驱动汽车相比,未来电动汽车的可达里程差异更大,因为传动系统效率高,不同驱动条件下的能量需求不同。提高整体范围的主要问题之一是最小化能源消耗。一方面,需要一个适应的能量管理战略,以实现更舒适和可接受的均衡范围。另一方面,在任何可能的情况下,从车辆内部和车辆中回收机械、电力和热能是很重要的。例如,利用车外制动车辆的动能为交通灯供电是可以想象的。如果使用燃烧过程,大量的废热能可以从排气管中重新利用。或者可以使用太阳能。如果车辆具有不同的占空比,那么调整动力系统以适应动力需求是有意义的。无论可用的能源是什么,它都必须与最小化能源消耗齐头并进。这篇论文是基于未来技术[2]的知识和组合,这些技术有助于在车辆内收集和转换来自不同来源的能量。
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引用次数: 2
Experimental verification of the normative thermal stability of a MOSFET full bridge power inverter MOSFET全桥功率逆变器规范热稳定性的实验验证
I. Bolvashenkov, Taha Lahlou, H. Herzog
Thermal effects are important in the power electronics for battery energy storage applications. This paper presents an experimental verification of the thermal stability of a MOSFET full bridge power inverter used in cascaded H-bridge inverter with split battery modules. The verification of the norm EN 61000-2-4 compatibility of the grid connected multilevel inverter is made by testing the submodules' current overload responses. Furthermore, the thermal capacity of the H-bridge using passive heat sink is analysed and the time constant is investigated. Efficiency measurements of the proposed topology are also made and the impacts of different currents and PWM switching frequencies are presented.
热效应在电池储能应用的电力电子学中是重要的。本文通过实验验证了用于分段电池模块级联h桥逆变器的MOSFET全桥功率逆变器的热稳定性。通过测试各子模块的电流过载响应,验证了并网多电平逆变器的en61000 -2-4标准兼容性。此外,还分析了采用无源散热器的h桥的热容量,并对其时间常数进行了研究。对所提出的拓扑结构进行了效率测量,并给出了不同电流和PWM开关频率对拓扑结构的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Using Markov reward model for decision making in the choice of optimal type of traction electric motor for icebreaking ship 利用马尔可夫奖励模型进行破冰船牵引电动机最优型号选择的决策
I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog, I. Frenkel, L. Khvatskin
The paper presents the Markov reward approach to the comparative analysis of different types of traction electric motors for assessment the reliability associated cost of the ships' hybrid-electric propulsion systems. The preliminary results show that there are several appropriate machine types and it is necessary to decide, which kind of equipment has to be defined in advance for application respectively. In the paper, the Markov reward approach was developed for computing of average availability and the entire reliability associated cost, considering vehicle operational conditions and aging process of electric motors. Based on the obtained results of simulation, the decision about optimal type of traction electric motor for an icebreaking ships has been suggested.
本文采用马尔可夫奖励法对不同类型的牵引电动机进行比较分析,以评估船舶混合动力推进系统的可靠性相关成本。初步结果表明,有几种合适的机器类型,有必要确定,哪些设备需要提前定义,分别应用。在考虑车辆运行条件和电机老化过程的基础上,提出了计算平均可用性和总体可靠性相关成本的马尔可夫奖励方法。根据仿真结果,提出了破冰船牵引电动机的最佳选型建议。
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引用次数: 2
Analysing the driving load on electric vehicles using unsupervised segmentation models as enabler to determine the time of battery replacement and assess driving mileage 采用无监督分割模型对电动汽车行驶负荷进行分析,确定电池更换时间,评估行驶里程
T. Nguyen, Artur Mrowca, B. Moser, A. Jossen
The aim of this contribution is to study the driving load on electric vehicles through data mining methods. The battery pack is currently the major cost driver for these vehicles. Thus, battery durability is an important lever to economically establish electric mobility in the mass market. A segmentation modelling approach, based on unsupervised clustering algorithms, evaluates battery management system field data from BMW i3 vehicles such as state of charge, temperature and current in terms of their historical distribution. Clustering algorithms, due to their frequent use in the field of machine learning and information retrieval, are able to analyse big quantities of vehicle data with the aim to group vehicles with similar driving behaviour. The cluster analysis is further validated using the method of calculating respective silhouette coefficients to assess clustering performance and the influence of input parameters. The analysis of histograms concludes with the definition of the most common types of drivers worldwide. The vehicle clusters can further be correlated with battery ageing in order to find suitable 2nd life applications as part of stationary energy storage systems.
本贡献的目的是通过数据挖掘方法研究电动汽车的行驶负荷。电池组目前是这些汽车的主要成本驱动因素。因此,电池耐久性是在大众市场上经济地建立电动交通的重要杠杆。基于无监督聚类算法的分割建模方法,根据其历史分布评估宝马i3车辆的电池管理系统现场数据,如充电状态、温度和电流。聚类算法,由于其在机器学习和信息检索领域的频繁使用,能够分析大量的车辆数据,目的是将具有相似驾驶行为的车辆分组。使用计算各自轮廓系数的方法进一步验证了聚类分析,以评估聚类性能和输入参数的影响。直方图的分析总结了世界范围内最常见的驾驶员类型的定义。车辆集群可以进一步与电池老化相关联,以便找到合适的二次寿命应用,作为固定储能系统的一部分。
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引用次数: 1
Study of battery performance with hardware in the loop simulation of a working vehicle 工作车辆电池性能的硬件在环仿真研究
F. Mocera, E. Vergori, A. Somà
In this paper the attention is focused on a specific battery testing methodology for high power electric vehicles applications. The growing interest towards the working vehicles electrification increased the demand for a greater knowledge on battery performance. Due to the high power demand that characterizes these applications, a deeper understanding of the battery behaviour is necessary and requires specific testing techniques. In this work, a testing approach closer to real working conditions is considered. The attention is focused on the power demand that the ESS must satisfy to achieve certain vehicle performance. A numerical model of a working vehicle developed in previous works is used to test in Real Time a LiFePO4 cell in a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) testing configuration. The output Voltage-Current characteristic is thus compared with the same output generated by the numerical model of the considered battery.
在本文的注意力集中在一个特定的电池测试方法为大功率电动汽车的应用。对工作车辆电气化日益增长的兴趣增加了对电池性能的更多知识的需求。由于这些应用的特点是高功率需求,因此有必要更深入地了解电池的行为,并需要特定的测试技术。在这项工作中,考虑了一种更接近实际工作条件的测试方法。人们的注意力集中在ESS必须满足的功率需求上,以达到一定的车辆性能。在之前的工作中开发了一个工作车辆的数值模型,用于在硬件在环(HIL)测试配置中实时测试LiFePO4电池。因此,输出电压-电流特性与所考虑的电池的数值模型产生的相同输出进行了比较。
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引用次数: 6
Environmental sustainability in non-residential buildings by automating and optimization LENI index 基于自动化和优化LENI指数的非住宅建筑环境可持续性
F. Raimondi, D. Curto, D. Milone
Directive 2002/91 / EC as amended by 2010/31 / EU introduces procedures for energy certification aimed to determine, through the numerical indicators, the overall energy efficiency of the buildings, but notes the thermal and electric consumption. Often, the power consumption is incorrectly underestimated, this consumption would to be considered with great attention. In fact, compared to a committed capacity of less, compared to thermal plants, have times of utilization often far higher, leading to energy requirements to levels similar or even higher than those thermal, being the conversion factor of the electrical energy increasingly high. Leaving aside the procedural scheme energy certification, this article proposes a procedure, based on UNI EN 15193 and EN 15232 A possible to assess, through a numeric indicator of efficiency systems for electric lighting of the interior, they are kind of on / off equipped with systems for automatic adjustment dependent occupation of the premises or on the availability of daylight.
2010/31 / EU修订的指令2002/91 / EC引入了能源认证程序,旨在通过数字指标确定建筑物的整体能源效率,但注意到热电消耗。通常,功耗被错误地低估了,这种功耗需要非常注意。事实上,相比于承诺的容量少,相比于热电厂,有利用的时间往往要高得多,导致能源需求水平与热电厂相似甚至高于热电厂,电能的转换系数也越来越高。撇开程序方案能源认证不谈,本文提出了一个基于UNI EN 15193和EN 15232 a的程序,可以通过室内电气照明效率系统的数字指标来评估,它们是一种带有自动调节系统的开/关系统,取决于房屋的占用情况或日光的可用性。
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引用次数: 1
Analytical model-based optimization of the force production capability of IPM T-LSMs: Application to wave energy conversion systems 基于分析模型的IPM t - lsm力生产能力优化:在波浪能转换系统中的应用
Rihab Bel Hadj Slimen, I. Abdennadher, A. Masmoudi
Linear permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines have been and continue to be viable candidates in many industrial applications where they exhibit higher performance than their rotating counterparts. In this paper, an analytical model-based optimization procedure of interior PM tubular linear synchronous machines (IPM-TLSMs) with fractional-slot-arranged winding in the armature, is developed in an attempt to enhance their electromagnetic force production capability. The proposed optimization procedure is initially-applied to an elementary concept. The force of the optimized concept is validated by a 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Then, the optimization procedure is extended to the entire machine. In spite of the force enhancement, it has been found that the machine is penalized by asymmetrical phase flux linkages. An approach to counter this limitation, through the reduction of the end effect, is proposed and validated by 2D FEA.
线性永磁(PM)同步电机已经并将继续在许多工业应用中成为可行的候选人,在这些应用中,它们表现出比旋转同类更高的性能。本文提出了一种基于解析模型的电枢分段开槽绕组内嵌式永磁管状直线同步电机优化方法,以提高其电磁力产生能力。所提出的优化过程首先应用于一个基本概念。通过二维有限元分析(FEA)验证了优化方案的有效性。然后,将优化过程扩展到整台机器。尽管力增强了,但发现不对称相位磁链对机器不利。通过减少末端效应,提出了一种克服这一限制的方法,并通过二维有限元分析进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
FEA-assisted steady-state modelling of a spoke type IPM machine with enhanced flux weakening capability 具有增强磁链减弱能力的辐条型IPM机床的有限元辅助稳态建模
Nada Elloumi, A. Masmoudi, M. Bortolozzi, A. Tessarolo
Interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines with spoke-type design are possible candidates for various applications, including vehicle traction. One of their drawback is the high demagnetizing current required in the flux weakening region to let the motor achieve high speeds. This problem can be mitigated by equipping the motor with a mechanical devices consisting of mobile rotor yokes. These move radially by centrifugal force so as to reduce the air-gap flux at high speed with no need for demagnetizing current injection. This paper addresses the problem of modeling such IPM motor to study its steady-state behavior under different operating conditions, both in the full-flux and in the flux-weakening region of the speed range. The approach uses a limited set of non-linear finite element analysis to characterize the dependency of motor flux linkages on the stator currents and rotor position. Interpolating functions are then obtained to mathematically capture this dependency and plug it into the steady-state electromechanical equations of the motor. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method are assessed through on-load measurements taken on the modelled motor both in low and high speed operation.
具有辐条式设计的内部永磁(IPM)机器可能用于各种应用,包括车辆牵引。它们的缺点之一是在磁通减弱区需要高的退磁电流,以使电机达到高速。这个问题可以通过给电动机配备一个由可移动转子轭组成的机械装置来缓解。它们通过离心力径向运动,从而在高速下减少气隙磁通,而无需退磁电流注入。本文研究了这类永磁电机的建模问题,研究了其在不同工况下的稳态行为,包括转速范围内的全磁通区和磁通减弱区。该方法采用有限的非线性有限元分析来表征电机磁链与定子电流和转子位置的关系。然后获得插值函数以数学方式捕获这种依赖性并将其插入电机的稳态机电方程中。通过对模型电机在低速和高速运行时的有载测量,评估了该方法的有效性和准确性。
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引用次数: 2
Energy consumption of parallel type hybrid electric vehicle with continuously variable transmission using electric oil pump 采用电动油泵的并联式无级变速混合动力汽车能耗分析
Junbeom Wi, Hyun-ho Kim, J. Yoo, Hanho Son, Hyunsoo Kim, Byungjae Kim
This paper presents a design of electrified hydraulic control system for a parallel type hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with continuously variable transmission (CVT). Considering the hybrid characteristics and CVT feature which requires high line pressure to supply the demanded clamping force, three electrified hydraulic system: (1) 1-MOP+1-EOP, (2) 2-EOP and (3) 1-EOP were proposed and the energy consumption was evaluated. The EOP displacement was designed considering the demanded flow rate and pump efficiency. To investigate the amount of flow, pressure and energy consumption of the electrified hydraulic control system, an AMESim-MATLAB/Simulink co-simulator was developed for the target HEV, which consists of the vehicle powertrain and hydraulic system model. From the simulation results, it was found that 2-EOP system shows the smallest energy consumption while satisfying the required control, lubrication and leakage flow.
介绍了一种无级变速并联混合动力汽车(HEV)电动液压控制系统的设计。考虑到混合动力特性和无级变速器需要高管路压力提供所需夹紧力的特点,提出了(1)1- mop +1- eop、(2)2- eop和(3)1- eop三种电动液压系统,并对其能耗进行了评价。EOP排量的设计考虑了所需的流量和泵效率。为了研究电动液压控制系统的流量、压力和能耗,针对目标HEV开发了AMESim-MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真器,该仿真器由整车动力总成和液压系统模型组成。仿真结果表明,在满足控制、润滑和泄漏流量要求的情况下,2-EOP系统的能耗最小。
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引用次数: 18
期刊
2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)
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