Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415168
Dm Zhou, E. McAdams, A. Lackermeier, J.G. Jones
The AC impedance characteristics of chloridized silver-ink electrodes have been investigated. The interface impedance decreases for light deposits and increases upon further coating. There exists, therefore, an optimal chloride deposit which ensures a low interface impedance. This deposit depends on the silver ink used and on the frequency range of interest.<>
{"title":"AC impedance of Ag/AgCl reference electrodes for use in disposable biosensors","authors":"Dm Zhou, E. McAdams, A. Lackermeier, J.G. Jones","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415168","url":null,"abstract":"The AC impedance characteristics of chloridized silver-ink electrodes have been investigated. The interface impedance decreases for light deposits and increases upon further coating. There exists, therefore, an optimal chloride deposit which ensures a low interface impedance. This deposit depends on the silver ink used and on the frequency range of interest.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"24 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128449575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412015
T. Kiryu, M. Okada, Y. Saitoh
A superimposed M wave is the M wave during a sustained contraction. We estimated a relationship between the instantaneous frequencies (IFs) at specific times of the superimposed M wave and the mean power frequency (MPF) of the preceding background activity during muscular fatigue. The results showed that the relationship was classified into two (complex and simple) types. In the complex type, each behavior of the MPF-IF relationship showed a different manner. Three explicitly separated and the same inclination pattern appeared in the simple type. The decrease in the IFs was higher for the simple type than for the complex type. These types were possibly produced by the individual differences in the contribution of the fast twitch muscle fibers near the surface electrodes to the conduction velocity.<>
{"title":"Change of the relationship between superimposed M wave and preceding background activity during muscular fatigue","authors":"T. Kiryu, M. Okada, Y. Saitoh","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412015","url":null,"abstract":"A superimposed M wave is the M wave during a sustained contraction. We estimated a relationship between the instantaneous frequencies (IFs) at specific times of the superimposed M wave and the mean power frequency (MPF) of the preceding background activity during muscular fatigue. The results showed that the relationship was classified into two (complex and simple) types. In the complex type, each behavior of the MPF-IF relationship showed a different manner. Three explicitly separated and the same inclination pattern appeared in the simple type. The decrease in the IFs was higher for the simple type than for the complex type. These types were possibly produced by the individual differences in the contribution of the fast twitch muscle fibers near the surface electrodes to the conduction velocity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128795160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411987
A. G. Feldman, S. Adamovich, N. St-Onge, M. Levin
Both experimental effects of perturbations and computer simulation indicate that shifts in the equilibrium position underlying fast discrete movements of the elbow are completed before the peak velocity of movement and thus before the end of the phasic EMG activity. The authors' results imply that EMG patterns and the resulting kinematics are not preprogrammed but represent long-lasting dynamic responses of the system to this short-duration control pattern combined with the effects of load and peripheral feedback.<>
{"title":"Control processes in fast movements end before the peak velocity: evidence based on experimental analysis and modelling","authors":"A. G. Feldman, S. Adamovich, N. St-Onge, M. Levin","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411987","url":null,"abstract":"Both experimental effects of perturbations and computer simulation indicate that shifts in the equilibrium position underlying fast discrete movements of the elbow are completed before the peak velocity of movement and thus before the end of the phasic EMG activity. The authors' results imply that EMG patterns and the resulting kinematics are not preprogrammed but represent long-lasting dynamic responses of the system to this short-duration control pattern combined with the effects of load and peripheral feedback.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128652655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412082
Ying Zhu, M. Nanna, J. Li
The degree of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is generally thought to reflect the severity of aortic stenosis. However the influence of arterial system characteristics is poorly understood. The authors developed a computer model to investigate the effects of aortic stenosis in combination with various systemic arterial parameters in the development of LV hypertrophy. Data show that an increased peripheral resistance and/or valve resistance, results in an increase in LV wall thickness and mass, while peak systolic wall stress remains constant. Changing arterial compliance to above normal level would not induce changes in wall thickness, while results below normal would cause an increase in wall thickness. When the heart is double loaded, the hypertrophic process is aggregated and shows a greater increase in wall thickness.<>
{"title":"Computer modeling of the effects of aortic valve stenosis and arterial system afterload on left ventricular hypertrophy","authors":"Ying Zhu, M. Nanna, J. Li","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412082","url":null,"abstract":"The degree of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is generally thought to reflect the severity of aortic stenosis. However the influence of arterial system characteristics is poorly understood. The authors developed a computer model to investigate the effects of aortic stenosis in combination with various systemic arterial parameters in the development of LV hypertrophy. Data show that an increased peripheral resistance and/or valve resistance, results in an increase in LV wall thickness and mass, while peak systolic wall stress remains constant. Changing arterial compliance to above normal level would not induce changes in wall thickness, while results below normal would cause an increase in wall thickness. When the heart is double loaded, the hypertrophic process is aggregated and shows a greater increase in wall thickness.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129425247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415203
J.M. Darnieder, D. Jeutter
A miniature single-channel heart rate monitoring device has been developed specifically for use in critical care situations, such as intensive care units. The externally-worn device is placed directly on the chest above the heart, allowing acquisition of the electrocardiogram without the use of leads. The 8-bit microcontroller-based transmitter digitizes the preconditioned ECG and identifies the signal in real-time using a robust QRS detection algorithm. Data is output from the microcontroller only when an abnormal heart rate or low battery voltage is detected. When it is necessary to output data from the device, the digital data is transmitted by frequency modulation to a nearby nurses' station. At the monitoring station, the transmitted data is demodulated by the receiver and processed by another microcontroller which then activates the appropriate alarms.<>
{"title":"Miniature microcontroller-based heart rate telemeter processes single precordial lead","authors":"J.M. Darnieder, D. Jeutter","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415203","url":null,"abstract":"A miniature single-channel heart rate monitoring device has been developed specifically for use in critical care situations, such as intensive care units. The externally-worn device is placed directly on the chest above the heart, allowing acquisition of the electrocardiogram without the use of leads. The 8-bit microcontroller-based transmitter digitizes the preconditioned ECG and identifies the signal in real-time using a robust QRS detection algorithm. Data is output from the microcontroller only when an abnormal heart rate or low battery voltage is detected. When it is necessary to output data from the device, the digital data is transmitted by frequency modulation to a nearby nurses' station. At the monitoring station, the transmitted data is demodulated by the receiver and processed by another microcontroller which then activates the appropriate alarms.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129678962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412000
K. Henneberg
In this investigation, computer simulations are used to study the propagating action potential in skeletal muscle. The model considers the influence of the transverse tubular system and the electrical interaction between an active fiber and a single layer of surrounding passive fibers in a fiber bundle.<>
{"title":"Simulated action potentials and extracellular potentials in a bundle of muscle fibers","authors":"K. Henneberg","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412000","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, computer simulations are used to study the propagating action potential in skeletal muscle. The model considers the influence of the transverse tubular system and the electrical interaction between an active fiber and a single layer of surrounding passive fibers in a fiber bundle.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130335737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411840
A. Erdi, M. Loew, E. Yorke, Y. Erdi, B. Wessels
In radionuclide therapy, absorbed dose is calculated by convolution of a three-dimensional activity matrix with a three-dimensional dose point kernel. A technique employing the fast Hartley Transform (FHT) has been developed to perform this calculation. An important part of that development was the indexing scheme for 3D data. The results of this new FHT convolution technique were compared to direct convolution. A cube was convolved with itself by these two techniques. The results differed by less than 2 percent. In an effort to show the practical applicability of 3D convolution, a three-dimensional activity matrix from a I-131-labeled 16.88 monoclonal antibody patient was convolved with beta and photon dose point kernels using direct convolution. Isodose contours were then generated from the calculated absorbed dose matrix and overlaid on a CT image of the patient.<>
{"title":"Use of the fast Hartley transform for efficient 3D convolution in calculation of radiation dose","authors":"A. Erdi, M. Loew, E. Yorke, Y. Erdi, B. Wessels","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411840","url":null,"abstract":"In radionuclide therapy, absorbed dose is calculated by convolution of a three-dimensional activity matrix with a three-dimensional dose point kernel. A technique employing the fast Hartley Transform (FHT) has been developed to perform this calculation. An important part of that development was the indexing scheme for 3D data. The results of this new FHT convolution technique were compared to direct convolution. A cube was convolved with itself by these two techniques. The results differed by less than 2 percent. In an effort to show the practical applicability of 3D convolution, a three-dimensional activity matrix from a I-131-labeled 16.88 monoclonal antibody patient was convolved with beta and photon dose point kernels using direct convolution. Isodose contours were then generated from the calculated absorbed dose matrix and overlaid on a CT image of the patient.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123311445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415487
E. Carson, D. Cramp, H. Leicester
A paradigm is presented for decision support in high dependency patient care. The control loop structure emphasises integrated feedback of data and information, while computerised decision support supplements planning in the clinical context. Liver transplantation highlights the relevance of the paradigm and omissions in the health care system.
{"title":"Health care modelling and the lessons from liver transplantation","authors":"E. Carson, D. Cramp, H. Leicester","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415487","url":null,"abstract":"A paradigm is presented for decision support in high dependency patient care. The control loop structure emphasises integrated feedback of data and information, while computerised decision support supplements planning in the clinical context. Liver transplantation highlights the relevance of the paradigm and omissions in the health care system.","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123630339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411965
M. Lemay, P. Crago, M. Keith, P. Peckham
The authors investigated the feasibility of using functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) to control wrist angle in C5 tetraplegics. They measured the moments available from the wrist muscles, the moments produced at the wrist by the finger muscles during grasp, and the passive properties of the wrist joint. Furthermore, the authors evaluated three wrist position controllers. They found that the passive and finger muscle moments are significant compared with the moment produced by single wrist muscles and will affect the maximal range of wrist angle obtainable and the stability of the wrist during grasp. Feedback regulation would provide increase wrist stability in the presence of disturbances, with possibly less wrist muscle activation.<>
{"title":"Wrist flexion/extension control in C5 and C4 quadriplegic subjects using functional neuromuscular stimulation","authors":"M. Lemay, P. Crago, M. Keith, P. Peckham","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411965","url":null,"abstract":"The authors investigated the feasibility of using functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) to control wrist angle in C5 tetraplegics. They measured the moments available from the wrist muscles, the moments produced at the wrist by the finger muscles during grasp, and the passive properties of the wrist joint. Furthermore, the authors evaluated three wrist position controllers. They found that the passive and finger muscle moments are significant compared with the moment produced by single wrist muscles and will affect the maximal range of wrist angle obtainable and the stability of the wrist during grasp. Feedback regulation would provide increase wrist stability in the presence of disturbances, with possibly less wrist muscle activation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121298043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415424
L. Wang, J. Belina, A. Vasinonta, M. Berner, S. Ramprashad
A lossy ECG signal compression method using CELP is introduced here. Linear predictive coding (LPC) has been widely used as a compression technique in the field of speech coding. Similar to speech signals, ECG signals can be thought of as being produced by spectrally shaping excitation pulses. The encoder presented uses an analysis by synthesis structure. The short term spectral characteristics of the ECG signal are approximated by an IIR filter using LPC coefficients. Optimal excitations are selected from two codebooks, an adaptive codebook which takes advantage of long term correlation between pulses, and a fixed codebook which models short term changes in the characteristics of individual pulses. Using the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database with a rudimentary fixed codebook the authors were able to achieve a compression ratio of approximately 13:1 with a typical normalized MSE's ranging from 0.017 to 0.033 using a frame size of 200 samples.
{"title":"Compression of ECG using a code excited linear prediction (CELP)","authors":"L. Wang, J. Belina, A. Vasinonta, M. Berner, S. Ramprashad","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415424","url":null,"abstract":"A lossy ECG signal compression method using CELP is introduced here. Linear predictive coding (LPC) has been widely used as a compression technique in the field of speech coding. Similar to speech signals, ECG signals can be thought of as being produced by spectrally shaping excitation pulses. The encoder presented uses an analysis by synthesis structure. The short term spectral characteristics of the ECG signal are approximated by an IIR filter using LPC coefficients. Optimal excitations are selected from two codebooks, an adaptive codebook which takes advantage of long term correlation between pulses, and a fixed codebook which models short term changes in the characteristics of individual pulses. Using the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database with a rudimentary fixed codebook the authors were able to achieve a compression ratio of approximately 13:1 with a typical normalized MSE's ranging from 0.017 to 0.033 using a frame size of 200 samples.","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114327989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：