Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411997
J. Humm, G. Harris, W. Raasch, K. Black, J. Schmitz, K.M. Clavette, T. park
Eight dancers from the Milwaukee Ballet Dance Company were examined using current human motion analysis techniques to study the biomechanics of motion during the pointe maneuver. In this maneuver the dancer lifts the heel completely off the floor until the weight is fully supported by the toes. A five-camera VICON (Oxford, UK) system with two AMTI (Newton, MA) forceplates and a ten channel EMG processor was used to record 3-D motion, muscular activity, and ground reaction force data. Preliminary results suggest similarities in motion and EMG patterns among the dancers despite variances in height, weight, and level of proficiency.<>
{"title":"A biomechanical analysis of ballet dancers on pointe","authors":"J. Humm, G. Harris, W. Raasch, K. Black, J. Schmitz, K.M. Clavette, T. park","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411997","url":null,"abstract":"Eight dancers from the Milwaukee Ballet Dance Company were examined using current human motion analysis techniques to study the biomechanics of motion during the pointe maneuver. In this maneuver the dancer lifts the heel completely off the floor until the weight is fully supported by the toes. A five-camera VICON (Oxford, UK) system with two AMTI (Newton, MA) forceplates and a ten channel EMG processor was used to record 3-D motion, muscular activity, and ground reaction force data. Preliminary results suggest similarities in motion and EMG patterns among the dancers despite variances in height, weight, and level of proficiency.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125393742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412039
N. Okada, O. Sugita, T. Miida, Y. Makino, N. Komoro
The authors exposed endothelial cells of the porcine aorta to different flow conditions using a model vessel. This model is made of glass tube and consists of a main tube and a side branch of which angle is 90/spl deg/. The shear rate of the main tube was 20 sec/sup -1/, while that of the side branch was 29 sec/sup -1/. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDP) was measured as an indicator of cell damage. Changes of LDH from cultured cells in dishes by adding native lipoprotein, oxidized and non-oxidized linoleic acid were also examined for comparisons. LDH was lower in the cells of the side branch than in those of the main tube.<>
{"title":"Endothelial cell responses to controlled pulsatile flow at the bifurcation of a model vessel","authors":"N. Okada, O. Sugita, T. Miida, Y. Makino, N. Komoro","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412039","url":null,"abstract":"The authors exposed endothelial cells of the porcine aorta to different flow conditions using a model vessel. This model is made of glass tube and consists of a main tube and a side branch of which angle is 90/spl deg/. The shear rate of the main tube was 20 sec/sup -1/, while that of the side branch was 29 sec/sup -1/. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDP) was measured as an indicator of cell damage. Changes of LDH from cultured cells in dishes by adding native lipoprotein, oxidized and non-oxidized linoleic acid were also examined for comparisons. LDH was lower in the cells of the side branch than in those of the main tube.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126732591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415451
C. Fukuda, M. Funada, S.P. Ninomija, Y. Yazu, N. Daimon, S. Suzuki, H. Ide
Describes the system of automatically detecting grouped /spl alpha/ waves of EEGs using a convolution with special weighting factors such as moving average methods. A drop of human awakening level has a close relation to appearances of grouped /spl alpha/ waves. Then using this system, it is possible to detect driver's low awakening condition and prevent traffic accidents caused by this condition. The system has two important points. The first, because actual data contain various kinds of noise, this system separates grouped /spl alpha/ waves from those. The second, the system detects this condition as soon as grouped /spl alpha/ waves appear. As the result of analyzing actual EEGs taken during driving a car, we find out the fact that intervals of grouped /spl alpha/ waves appearance fluctuate.
{"title":"Evaluating dynamic changes of driver's awakening level by grouped /spl alpha/ waves","authors":"C. Fukuda, M. Funada, S.P. Ninomija, Y. Yazu, N. Daimon, S. Suzuki, H. Ide","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415451","url":null,"abstract":"Describes the system of automatically detecting grouped /spl alpha/ waves of EEGs using a convolution with special weighting factors such as moving average methods. A drop of human awakening level has a close relation to appearances of grouped /spl alpha/ waves. Then using this system, it is possible to detect driver's low awakening condition and prevent traffic accidents caused by this condition. The system has two important points. The first, because actual data contain various kinds of noise, this system separates grouped /spl alpha/ waves from those. The second, the system detects this condition as soon as grouped /spl alpha/ waves appear. As the result of analyzing actual EEGs taken during driving a car, we find out the fact that intervals of grouped /spl alpha/ waves appearance fluctuate.","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114928617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412059
C. Davila, M. Azmoodeh
A weighted averaging algorithm is applied to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The algorithm's performance is verified using a new SNR estimator and is found to give significant increases in SNR compared to conventional averaging.<>
{"title":"Weighted averaging of auditory brainstem responses","authors":"C. Davila, M. Azmoodeh","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412059","url":null,"abstract":"A weighted averaging algorithm is applied to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The algorithm's performance is verified using a new SNR estimator and is found to give significant increases in SNR compared to conventional averaging.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115095714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415440
C. Orieux, Y. Bizais, C. Doncarli
A signal processing approach has been used to relate human performances in detecting image targets to image, display and perception characteristics. The model parameters have been estimated experimentally. Results are consistent with those found in the literature. The authors demonstrate that a signal processing approach describes human performances as well as psycho-visual approaches, and points out that JND and PDR strongly depend on experimental conditions, in particular image characteristics, and thus have no absolute meaning.
{"title":"A signal processing model for display/perception processes","authors":"C. Orieux, Y. Bizais, C. Doncarli","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415440","url":null,"abstract":"A signal processing approach has been used to relate human performances in detecting image targets to image, display and perception characteristics. The model parameters have been estimated experimentally. Results are consistent with those found in the literature. The authors demonstrate that a signal processing approach describes human performances as well as psycho-visual approaches, and points out that JND and PDR strongly depend on experimental conditions, in particular image characteristics, and thus have no absolute meaning.","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"521 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115206101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411947
W.R. Ledoux, Jinsup Song, H. Hillstrom, D. Secord, F. Kugler
A pneumatic pressure validation system was designed to apply repeatable and accurate static and dynamic pressure via a rubber bladder to the Musgrave Footprint pressure plate system. The repeatability and accuracy of the apparatus has been demonstrated and the comprehensive testing of the Musgrave pressure plates is in progress.<>
{"title":"The design of a pneumatic validation system and its application to the static and dynamic accuracy of the Musgrave Footprint pressure plate system","authors":"W.R. Ledoux, Jinsup Song, H. Hillstrom, D. Secord, F. Kugler","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.411947","url":null,"abstract":"A pneumatic pressure validation system was designed to apply repeatable and accurate static and dynamic pressure via a rubber bladder to the Musgrave Footprint pressure plate system. The repeatability and accuracy of the apparatus has been demonstrated and the comprehensive testing of the Musgrave pressure plates is in progress.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122887264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412090
Jonathon L. Williams, J. Antaki, J. Boston, S. L. Williams, J. Woodard, P. Miller, R. Kormos
A mock circulatory system (MCS) capable of simulating the principal clinical hemodynamics that influence left ventricular assist device (LVAD) timing has been constructed. The MCS includes lumped compliance and resistance components, polyurethane trileaflet valves, and a voice-coil actuated piston pump to simulate left ventricular pumping action. The novelty of this system is its ability to mimic left ventricular pressure-volume relationships based upon a supplied time-varying elastance. The MCS provides a load-sensitive, "bench-top" simulation of the natural heart and systemic circulation on which automatic control algorithms for LVAD's can be developed.<>
{"title":"Load sensitive mock circulatory system for left ventricular assist device controller evaluation and development","authors":"Jonathon L. Williams, J. Antaki, J. Boston, S. L. Williams, J. Woodard, P. Miller, R. Kormos","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412090","url":null,"abstract":"A mock circulatory system (MCS) capable of simulating the principal clinical hemodynamics that influence left ventricular assist device (LVAD) timing has been constructed. The MCS includes lumped compliance and resistance components, polyurethane trileaflet valves, and a voice-coil actuated piston pump to simulate left ventricular pumping action. The novelty of this system is its ability to mimic left ventricular pressure-volume relationships based upon a supplied time-varying elastance. The MCS provides a load-sensitive, \"bench-top\" simulation of the natural heart and systemic circulation on which automatic control algorithms for LVAD's can be developed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114385473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412132
M. Teich, C. Heneghan, S. Khanna, M. Ulfendahl
The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) are used to analyze the time course of cellular motion in the guinea-pig inner ear. The velocity responses of individual auditory cells (outer hair cells and Hensen's cells) to amplitude-modulated (AM) acoustical signals display characteristics typical of nonlinear systems. such as harmonic generation. Nonlinear effects are particularly pronounced at the highest stimulus levels, where half-harmonic, and sometimes quarter-harmonic, components are also seen. Both the CWT and the STFT are found to be useful in analyzing these velocity responses.<>
{"title":"Investigating cellular vibrations in the cochlea using the continuous wavelet transform and the short-time Fourier transform","authors":"M. Teich, C. Heneghan, S. Khanna, M. Ulfendahl","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412132","url":null,"abstract":"The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) are used to analyze the time course of cellular motion in the guinea-pig inner ear. The velocity responses of individual auditory cells (outer hair cells and Hensen's cells) to amplitude-modulated (AM) acoustical signals display characteristics typical of nonlinear systems. such as harmonic generation. Nonlinear effects are particularly pronounced at the highest stimulus levels, where half-harmonic, and sometimes quarter-harmonic, components are also seen. Both the CWT and the STFT are found to be useful in analyzing these velocity responses.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116830245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415291
G. Kantor, G. Alon, H. Ho
Sensory and motor threshold excitation from a human study with a constant voltage source were used to develop ideal simulated loads for monophasic, biphasic and amplitude modulated waveforms to test transcutaneous electrical stimulators. A comparison with resistive loads or the AAMI standard load was made, indicating that the ideal forearm loads can more accurately represent the human loading condition.<>
{"title":"Simulated tissue loads for testing of transcutaneous electrical stimulators","authors":"G. Kantor, G. Alon, H. Ho","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415291","url":null,"abstract":"Sensory and motor threshold excitation from a human study with a constant voltage source were used to develop ideal simulated loads for monophasic, biphasic and amplitude modulated waveforms to test transcutaneous electrical stimulators. A comparison with resistive loads or the AAMI standard load was made, indicating that the ideal forearm loads can more accurately represent the human loading condition.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"772 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117020661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412185
T. Adalı, Y. Wang, N. Gupta
We present a new segmentation and modeling scheme for medical images based on vector quantization which yields very fast responses and can avoid local minima in the computation. The feature vectors are defined by the local histogram on a block partioned image, and the local histograms are approximated by normal distributions. This is a suitable feature extraction for medical images since most are tone images with short-term correlation. Within this framework, the least relative entropy is chosen as the meaningful distance measure between the feature vectors and the templates. The segmentation is then performed by a block-wise classification-expectation algorithm, and is improved by a multiresolution procedure. The performance of this learning technique is tested with both simulated and real medical images, and is shown to be a highly efficient segmentation scheme.<>
{"title":"Block-wise segmentation via vector quantization for medical image analysis","authors":"T. Adalı, Y. Wang, N. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.412185","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new segmentation and modeling scheme for medical images based on vector quantization which yields very fast responses and can avoid local minima in the computation. The feature vectors are defined by the local histogram on a block partioned image, and the local histograms are approximated by normal distributions. This is a suitable feature extraction for medical images since most are tone images with short-term correlation. Within this framework, the least relative entropy is chosen as the meaningful distance measure between the feature vectors and the templates. The segmentation is then performed by a block-wise classification-expectation algorithm, and is improved by a multiresolution procedure. The performance of this learning technique is tested with both simulated and real medical images, and is shown to be a highly efficient segmentation scheme.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":344622,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117026923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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