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INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT IN COAL MINING 煤矿开采综合风险评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-32-39
V. Golinko
Purpose. To determine methodological approaches to the integrated assessment of accidents and hazards of coal mining processes, which allow taking into account the mining and geological conditions of coal mining at a particular mining enterprise. Methods. Analytical methods, methods of probability theory, statistical processing of accidents at coal mines of Ukraine and methods of economic and mathematical modelling are used in the work. Results. Methodological bases for integrated assessment of hazards and harmfulness of production taking into account mining and geological conditions of coal mining are developed. It is shown that ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. It is shown that the occurrence of accidents and hazards caused by hazardous production factors is probabilistic, so the economic assessment of these phenomena should be unified and take into account the expected economic losses in accidents and hazards and the probabilistic nature of these phenomena. Scientific novelty. For the first time it was proposed to use the economic assessment of hazardous and harmful production factors typical of the process or production as an integral assessment of accident rate, measure of hazardousness and harmfulness of a technological process or production. Practical value. The ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. Availability of an integrated assessment of hazardous and harmful phenomena of coal mining allows taking more reasonable decisions aimed at preserving and developing the potential of the coal industry, as well as selection and justification of decisions on design and construction of new energy facilities taking into account social and economic aspects
目的。确定综合评价煤矿开采过程的事故和危险的方法方法,其中应考虑到某一煤矿企业的采矿和地质条件。方法。在工作中运用了分析方法、概率论方法、乌克兰煤矿事故的统计处理方法以及经济和数学建模的方法。结果。建立了考虑煤矿开采和地质条件的生产危害综合评价的方法基础。报告显示,现有的解决办法在理论和方法方法方面以及在煤矿企业的实际使用方面都不明确,这可能导致在执行改善工作条件的措施方面资金的使用效率低下。研究表明,危险生产因素引起的事故和危害的发生具有概率性,因此对这些现象进行经济评价时应统一考虑事故和危害的预期经济损失和这些现象的概率性。科学的新奇。第一次建议使用对过程或生产中典型的危险和有害生产因素的经济评价作为对事故率的综合评价,即对技术过程或生产的危险和有害程度的衡量。实用价值。现有的解决办法在理论和方法方法方面以及在煤矿企业的实际使用方面含糊不清,可能导致在执行改善工作条件的措施方面资金的使用效率低下。如果能够对煤矿开采的危险和有害现象进行综合评价,就可以作出更合理的决定,以保存和发展煤炭工业的潜力,并在考虑到社会和经济方面的情况下,选择和证明关于设计和建造新能源设施的决定是合理的
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引用次数: 0
DETERMINATION OF STELL TRUSS TECHNICAL CONDITION WITH THE INDICATOR OF RELIABILITY INDEX β 用可靠度指标β确定钢桁架技术条件
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2019-1-107-115
S. Kolesnichenko, Buildings, I. Chernykh
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF SECONDARY SUPPORT STRUCTURES OF MINE GATEROADS ON THEIR RESISTANCE ACCORDING TO THE LENGTH OF THE EXTRACTION PANEL 根据抽采盘长度,研究了矿井巷道二次支护结构变形特性对其阻力的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-68-80
I. Liashok, S. Podkopaiev, Leonid L. Bachurin, H. Boichenko, O. Tkachuk
Purpose. To increase the effectiveness of measures to reduce injuries and create safe working conditions for miners in a deep coal mine with steeply inclined coal seams, assess the impact of deformation properties stiffness of secondary support structures of mine gateroads on their stability in the coal-rock strata according to the length of the extraction panel. Methods. To achieve this purpose, the results of in-mine instrumental observations of the stability of haulage roadways under different supporting methods were analyzed, considering the deformation properties of secondary support structures and features of geomechanical processes in the surrounding coal-rock strata during unloading. Results. The conditions for maintaining the mine gateroads within the extraction panel during the methods of supporting practised at the mine were estimated by the magnitude of the convergence of the roof and floor strata on the contour of the haulage roadway and its derivatives. It is determined that in the zone of influence of coal extraction, in the process of deformation of coal pillars or vertical timber sets up to 16-22%, there is a loss of their stability, an increase in the load on the secondary support structure, the intensification of the increase in roof displacements over 0.08 m with a convergence rate of 4.5-5.6 mm/day. In the process of deformation of 4-point chock by 65%, the rate of convergence at the initial stage (30% deformation) increases to 5.1 mm/day, with an average increase in roof displacements to 0.05 m, and then gradually decreases over time, which favourably affects the stability of roof and floor strata and roadways. Reduction of the haulage roadway cross-section when it is supported by coal pillars or vertical timber sets on 45-50% is the result of the destruction of secondary support structures when the rate of convergence of the roof and floor strata along the extraction area is not limited. When supporting the haulage roadway with a 4-point chock reduction of the roadway cross-section by 30% is due to the compression of the secondary support structures, which helps to limit the growth of roof displacements and reduce the rate of convergence of the roof and floor strata behind the working face. Novelty. The estimation of the haulage roadways stability on the steeply inclined coal seams according to the length of the extraction panel is based on the use of regularities of deformation properties of secondary supporting structures of mine gateroads and geomechanical processes in the coal-rock strata when the change in the rate of convergence of the roof and floor strata on the contour of roadways is considered in the zone of influence of coal extraction works. Practical significance. To prevent the collapse of the roof and floor strata in the extraction area of the deep coal mines with steeply inclined coal seams, it is necessary to use yielding secondary support structures of mine gateroads.
目的。为提高深深急倾斜煤矿减少矿工伤害和创造安全作业条件措施的有效性,根据抽采盘长度,评估矿井巷道二次支护结构变形特性刚度对其在煤岩地层中稳定性的影响。方法。为此,考虑二次支护结构的变形特性和卸荷过程中周围煤岩地层的地质力学过程特征,对不同支护方式下运输巷道稳定性的矿内仪器观测结果进行了分析。结果。根据顶板和底板岩层在运输巷道及其衍生物轮廓上的收敛幅度,估计了在该矿实施支护方法时,在回采盘内维持巷道的条件。确定在采煤影响区内,煤柱或竖向木材在变形达16-22%的过程中,其稳定性丧失,对二次支护结构的荷载增加,顶板位移增加加剧,超过0.08 m,收敛速度为4.5-5.6 mm/d。在4点岩块65%变形过程中,初始阶段(30%变形)的收敛速率增大到5.1 mm/d,顶板位移平均增大到0.05 m,随着时间的推移逐渐减小,有利于顶板岩层和巷道的稳定性。在不限制顶板和底板岩层沿采区收敛速度的情况下,二次支护结构的破坏导致牵引巷道截面积减小45 ~ 50%。当采用4点挡块支护运输巷道时,由于二次支护结构的压缩,巷道断面减小了30%,这有助于限制顶板位移的增长,降低工作面后顶板岩层的收敛速度。新鲜事物。根据抽采盘长度估计急倾斜煤层运输巷道稳定性,是在考虑抽采工程影响区内顶板和底板岩层在巷道轮廓上收敛速度变化的情况下,利用矿井巷道二次支护结构变形特性和煤岩地层地质力学过程的规律。现实意义。为防止深深急倾斜煤层开采区顶板岩层坍塌,有必要采用巷道屈服二次支护结构。
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF ROOF BOLTING TECHNOLOGY FOR MINE WORKINGS IN GAS- AND WATER-BEARING ROCKS 锚杆支护技术在矿井含气含水岩层中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-56-67
O. Krukovskyi, V. Krukovska, Yu.O. Vynohradov
Purpose. To substantiate the use of roof bolting for mine workings as a technological way to reduce gas and water inflows into mine workings and to develop the method of reducing water inflow with the use of combined frames and bolts supporting. Methodology. Numerical modelling method for coupled processes of rock mass strain and fluid filtration has been applied. The model is based upon fundamental ideas of mechanics of solids and filtration theory. The problem has been solved using a finite element method. The influence of stress field on formation of the filtration area, the effect of changes in fluid pressure on stress state and decrease in the strength properties of rocks during soaking (in the case of water filtration) were taken into account at each time iteration. Results. A study of the influence of supporting mine workings on filtration permeability caused by its driving has been performed. It is shown that the use of roof bolting restrains the process of cracking in the area affected by mining. At the same time the sizes of the filtration area are considerably reduced, permeability in this area decreases. Roof bolting allows to reduce the average filtration permeability caused by the redistribution of the stress field during the driving of mine working by 15 times or more. The influence of bolts on the process of fluid filtration has been studied. It is established that filtration process is actively taking place around the mine workings with frame support. When using roof bolting, methane from undermined gas sources is not involved in the filtration process. On the walls of the mine working, methane filtration intensity from the coal seam is significantly reduced. Roof bolting reduces water inflows into the mine workings in water-resistant rocks by 2.5 times, in non-water-resistant rocks by 3.4 times. Scientific novelty. For the first time the study of the influence of supporting type in mine workings on formation of the filtration area in the host rocks and the course of filtration processes has been performed. A method of reducing water inflows into mine workings with the use of combined frames and bolts supporting has been developed. It is shown that roof bolting can be used as a technological way to reduce gas and water inflows into the mine workings. Practical significance. Application of the proposed method leads to a significant economic effect by reducing the cost of water pumping and repair work to restore mine workings after emergency water inflows.
目的。论证了采用锚杆支护作为减少巷道内瓦斯和水流入的技术途径,并研究了框架与锚杆联合支护减少巷道内涌水量的方法。方法。采用了岩体应变与流体渗流耦合过程的数值模拟方法。该模型是基于固体力学和过滤理论的基本思想。这个问题已经用有限元法解决了。每次迭代都考虑了应力场对过滤区形成的影响、流体压力变化对浸泡(水过滤)过程中岩石应力状态的影响以及岩石强度特性的降低。结果。研究了支护巷道掘进对滤水渗透性的影响。结果表明,锚杆支护对受采动影响区域的开裂起到了抑制作用。同时,过滤区域的尺寸大大减小,该区域的渗透率降低。锚杆支护可使矿井掘进过程中应力场重分布造成的平均滤透率降低15倍以上。研究了螺栓对流体过滤过程的影响。确定了有框架支护的矿山巷道周围有积极的过滤过程。当使用锚杆支护时,来自破坏气源的甲烷不参与过滤过程。在矿井工作面,煤层瓦斯过滤强度明显降低。锚杆支护可使抗水岩体中矿井工作面进水量减少2.5倍,非抗水岩体中减少3.4倍。科学的新奇。首次研究了矿山支护方式对围岩滤区形成及滤区过程的影响。提出了一种采用框架与锚杆联合支护的方法来减少矿山回水。结果表明,锚杆支护是一种减少瓦斯和水涌进巷道的技术手段。现实意义。该方法的应用减少了矿井紧急回水后的抽水和修复工作成本,经济效益显著。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF THE BEHAVIOR OF A SHOCK WAVE IN A CHANNEL WITH WALLS OF DIFFERENT STIFFNESS 具有不同刚度壁面的通道中激波的特性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2021-2-96-103
A. Vasilchenko, Olexandr Danilin, T. Lutsenko, Elena Nadyon, A. Ruban
Purpose of work. Determination of the terms of weakening the destructive action of a shock wave during its propagation in the channels of mining workings or long communication premises of industrial buildings in an emergency explosion. Methods. Using an analytical research method based on the main provisions of theory of combustion and explosion. Construction and analysis of the physical model of formation and distribution of a shock wave in the channel. Results. The problem of weakening of a shock wave during its propagation in long channels of mining workings or communication passageways of industrial buildings with a potentially explosive atmosphere is considered. It is shown that when an explosion in the channel is formed by a head shock wave with a flat front, dynamic pressure which significantly exceeds the pressure on the fronts of falling and reflected shock waves that form the head shock wave. A physical model of formation and distribution of a shock wave in a channel with walls of different rigidity is proposed. It is shown that if one of the walls of the channel is mobile or easily deformed, it leads to a violation of the geometry of the plane front of the head shock wave and its weakening. Moreover, the reconstruction of the plane front of the head shock wave can occur at a distance of not less than 6-8 channel width. On the basis of this observation, the need to arrange explosion-relief valves in channels of mining workings or communication premises of industrial buildings with a potentially explosive atmosphere is substantiated. Novelty. A physical model of the formation and propagation of a shock wave in a channel with walls of different stiffness is proposed. The necessity of equipping explosion-relief valves in the long communication channels of mine workings and buildings with increased explosion hazard to attenuate the shock wave is substantiated. Practical significance. Arrangement of expanders with explosion-relief valves with dimensions comparable to the channel diameter and intervals between them up to 8 channel diameters in long communication channels of mine workings and buildings with increased explosion hazard will lead to weakening of the shock wave and reduction of its destructive effect.
工作目的。在紧急爆炸中,削弱冲击波在采矿通道或工业建筑长通信场所传播时的破坏作用的条件的确定。方法。采用基于燃烧与爆炸理论主要规定的分析研究方法。通道内激波形成与分布的物理模型的建立与分析。结果。研究了冲击波在具有潜在爆炸环境的矿山巷道或工业建筑通信通道中传播时的减弱问题。结果表明,当平头激波在通道内形成爆炸时,动压力显著超过形成头激波的下降激波和反射激波锋面上的压力。提出了激波在具有不同刚性壁的通道中形成和分布的物理模型。结果表明,如果通道的某一面壁是移动的或容易变形的,则会导致头部激波平面前几何形状的破坏和减弱。此外,在不小于6-8通道宽度的距离上可以发生头部激波的平面前重构。根据这一观察结果,有必要在具有潜在爆炸性气氛的采矿作业通道或工业建筑的通讯场所布置防爆阀。新鲜事物。提出了激波在具有不同刚度壁的通道中形成和传播的物理模型。论证了在矿井和爆炸危险性较大的建筑物的长通信通道中设置泄爆阀以衰减冲击波的必要性。现实意义。在爆炸危险性较大的矿井和建筑物的长通信通道中,布置尺寸与通道直径相当、间隔可达8个通道直径的防爆阀膨胀器,可减弱冲击波,降低其破坏作用。
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE BEHAVIOR OF A SHOCK WAVE IN A CHANNEL WITH WALLS OF DIFFERENT STIFFNESS","authors":"A. Vasilchenko, Olexandr Danilin, T. Lutsenko, Elena Nadyon, A. Ruban","doi":"10.31474/1999-981x-2021-2-96-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2021-2-96-103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of work. Determination of the terms of weakening the destructive action of a shock wave during its propagation in the channels of mining workings or long communication premises of industrial buildings in an emergency explosion. Methods. Using an analytical research method based on the main provisions of theory of combustion and explosion. Construction and analysis of the physical model of formation and distribution of a shock wave in the channel. Results. The problem of weakening of a shock wave during its propagation in long channels of mining workings or communication passageways of industrial buildings with a potentially explosive atmosphere is considered. It is shown that when an explosion in the channel is formed by a head shock wave with a flat front, dynamic pressure which significantly exceeds the pressure on the fronts of falling and reflected shock waves that form the head shock wave. A physical model of formation and distribution of a shock wave in a channel with walls of different rigidity is proposed. It is shown that if one of the walls of the channel is mobile or easily deformed, it leads to a violation of the geometry of the plane front of the head shock wave and its weakening. Moreover, the reconstruction of the plane front of the head shock wave can occur at a distance of not less than 6-8 channel width. On the basis of this observation, the need to arrange explosion-relief valves in channels of mining workings or communication premises of industrial buildings with a potentially explosive atmosphere is substantiated. Novelty. A physical model of the formation and propagation of a shock wave in a channel with walls of different stiffness is proposed. The necessity of equipping explosion-relief valves in the long communication channels of mine workings and buildings with increased explosion hazard to attenuate the shock wave is substantiated. Practical significance. Arrangement of expanders with explosion-relief valves with dimensions comparable to the channel diameter and intervals between them up to 8 channel diameters in long communication channels of mine workings and buildings with increased explosion hazard will lead to weakening of the shock wave and reduction of its destructive effect.","PeriodicalId":344647,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131489448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING LIQUID MIXTURES FOR SCREENING WIDE FREQUENCY RANGE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 开发用于筛选宽频率范围电磁场的液体混合物的原理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-108-113
O. Panova, Yana Biruk
Purpose: A liquid material based on commercially available paints and fine iron ore concentrate has been created. With a filler content of 60-70 %, the coefficients of shielding of the electric field of industrial frequency is 2,6-9,1; magnetic field of industrial frequency is 4,5-6,2; electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency is 4,4-8,5. At the same time, the reflection coefficients of electromagnetic waves are at least twice lower than those of metal screens. Method: A calculation tool is provided for converting the weight content into the volume content of the shielding filler. This makes it possible to apply the Lorentz and Maxwell-Garnett ratios to predict the electrical and magnetic properties of metal dielectrics. To determine the reliability of adhesion of the obtained mixtures with the application surfaces, the study of the chemical and colloidal properties of the mixtures for application on gypsum board has been performed. Scientific novelty: It is established that the reduction of surface tension, surface wetting angle, work of adhesion, cohesion and wetting forces, spreading coefficient are within the limits that ensure the reliability and durability of adhesion of the material to surfaces. Results: It is shown that the reduction of the protective properties on the water-dispersion carrier is due to the oxidation of the filler. Liquid compositions are made on the basis of a number of paints and varnishes and iron ore concentrates, which can cover large surfaces in various shapes and configurations. Practical significance: In order to use the obtained mixtures in the fields of ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical and electronic equipment, it is necessary to increase the protective properties. This is possible by increasing the concentration of the shielding filler or increasing the specific conductivity of materials in the solid state by adding to the liquid mixture of fine material with high conductivity.
目的:一种液体材料的基础上,市售油漆和细铁矿石精矿已创建。填料含量为60 ~ 70%时,工频电场的屏蔽系数为2,6 ~ 9,1;工业频率磁场为4、5-6、2;超高频电磁场为4,4-8,5。同时,电磁波的反射系数比金属屏至少低2倍。方法:提供一种将屏蔽填料的重量含量换算为体积含量的计算工具。这使得应用洛伦兹比和麦克斯韦-加内特比来预测金属电介质的电和磁特性成为可能。为了确定所获得的混合物与应用表面粘附的可靠性,对石膏板上应用的混合物的化学和胶体特性进行了研究。新颖性:确定了表面张力的减小、表面润湿角、粘附功、黏聚力和润湿力、扩散系数都在保证材料表面粘附可靠性和耐久性的范围内。结果:水分散载体的防护性能下降是由于填料氧化所致。液体组合物是在许多油漆和清漆以及铁矿石精矿的基础上制成的,它可以覆盖各种形状和结构的大表面。实际意义:为了将所获得的混合物用于保证电气电子设备电磁兼容性的领域,需要提高防护性能。这可以通过增加屏蔽填料的浓度或通过添加到具有高导电性的细材料的液体混合物中来增加固体状态下材料的比导电性来实现。
{"title":"PRINCIPLES FOR DEVELOPING LIQUID MIXTURES FOR SCREENING WIDE FREQUENCY RANGE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS","authors":"O. Panova, Yana Biruk","doi":"10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-108-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-108-113","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: A liquid material based on commercially available paints and fine iron ore concentrate has been created. With a filler content of 60-70 %, the coefficients of shielding of the electric field of industrial frequency is 2,6-9,1; magnetic field of industrial frequency is 4,5-6,2; electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency is 4,4-8,5. At the same time, the reflection coefficients of electromagnetic waves are at least twice lower than those of metal screens. Method: A calculation tool is provided for converting the weight content into the volume content of the shielding filler. This makes it possible to apply the Lorentz and Maxwell-Garnett ratios to predict the electrical and magnetic properties of metal dielectrics. To determine the reliability of adhesion of the obtained mixtures with the application surfaces, the study of the chemical and colloidal properties of the mixtures for application on gypsum board has been performed. Scientific novelty: It is established that the reduction of surface tension, surface wetting angle, work of adhesion, cohesion and wetting forces, spreading coefficient are within the limits that ensure the reliability and durability of adhesion of the material to surfaces. Results: It is shown that the reduction of the protective properties on the water-dispersion carrier is due to the oxidation of the filler. Liquid compositions are made on the basis of a number of paints and varnishes and iron ore concentrates, which can cover large surfaces in various shapes and configurations. Practical significance: In order to use the obtained mixtures in the fields of ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical and electronic equipment, it is necessary to increase the protective properties. This is possible by increasing the concentration of the shielding filler or increasing the specific conductivity of materials in the solid state by adding to the liquid mixture of fine material with high conductivity.","PeriodicalId":344647,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134256707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF CHOOSING A SUSPENSION BASED ON THE SODIUM GROUP IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL MINING WASTE DUMPS 基于钠基悬浮液处理煤矿矸石堆的可行性论证
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2023-1-118-125
I. Chobotko
Purpose. To study the effectiveness of sodium group based suspensions: sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrocarbonate and sodium carbonate for neutralisation of spontaneous combustion processes of waste rock during the operation and formation of coal mining waste. To establish the dependence of the influence of suspensions on the chemical elements of the waste stockpile, taking into account external environmental factors.Methods. For solving the set tasks, methods of comparative analysis of theoretical and laboratory studies of the impact of suspensions on the processes of the mechanism of redox reactions of spontaneous combustion of waste heaps obtained in the process of processing minerals of coal mines were used. The application of rational method of processing the results of the experimental study of the interaction of waste mass with sodium solutions using the correlation analysis of Student’s t-criterion is described.Results. The spontaneous ignition mechanisms of the stockpile have been investigated, based on the interaction of the active chemical elements in the stockpile: pyrite, sulphur and iron oxide with the environment. The selection and optimization of the parameters of a sodium group based slurry when treating the stockpile will solve the problem of spontaneous combustion in the treatment of the stockpile by crystallizing the active chemical elements and filling in its porous structure.Scientific novelty. The dependence of the influence of the environment on the processes of thermal oxidation of waste rock mass is established. The expediency of application of methods and techniques for elimination of self-ignition foci, as the main factors of environmental pollution, is substantiated. A new expedient method and method has been proposed, which will allow estimating not only the economic effect but also the ecological one, which will contribute to improving the ecological and economic situation of the mining regions where mining wastes are located.Practical implication. It consists in the development of recommendations for methods and techniques to eliminate spontaneous combustion of mining wastes. The methodology for determining the required quantitative and qualitative composition of inert substances (suspensions) containing sodium group to eliminate sulphurous zones of exogenous combustion processes of waste mass is proposed. Recommendations on the use of these means and methods have been developed.
目的。研究氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠等钠基悬浮液对煤矿矸石开采过程中自燃过程中和作用的有效性。在考虑外部环境因素的情况下,建立悬浮液对废物贮存化学元素影响的依赖关系。为解决既定任务,采用理论和实验室对比分析的方法,研究了悬浮液对煤矿选矿过程中获得的废渣自燃氧化还原反应机理过程的影响。介绍了利用学生t判据的相关分析,对废渣与钠溶液相互作用的实验研究结果进行合理处理的方法。根据库存中的活性化学元素:黄铁矿、硫和氧化铁与环境的相互作用,研究了库存的自燃机制。钠基浆料在处理库存时参数的选择与优化,通过使活性化学元素结晶并填充其多孔结构来解决库存处理过程中自燃问题。科学的新奇。建立了废岩体热氧化过程受环境影响的依赖关系。证明了消除自燃点作为环境污染的主要因素的方法和技术的方便性。本文提出了一种新的权宜之计方法和方法,既能对废矿区的经济效益进行评估,又能对生态效益进行评估,有助于改善废矿区的生态经济状况。实际的含义。它包括拟订关于消除采矿废料自燃的方法和技术的建议。提出了确定含有钠基的惰性物质(悬浮液)所需的定量和定性组成的方法,以消除废物外源燃烧过程中的含硫区。已经拟订了关于使用这些手段和方法的建议。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES OF PREPARATORY MINING WORKS 矿山预备工程防护结构变形特性研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2023-1-29-40
M. Hryhorets, O. Tkachuk, Serhii Pahomov, V. Vasilenko, S. Podkopaiev
Purpose. To study the stability of the security structures of the preparatory mine roadways of steep seams while unloading the coal-rock massif to prevent the collapse of side rocks in the excavation areas of the coal mine and create safe working conditions for miners.Method. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the study of the stability of security structures was carried out at the laboratory of mountain pressure by using experimental samples in the form of whole coal and structures consisted of crushed rock, which were subjected to uniaxial compression.Results. Under the conditions of uniaxial compression of whole coal or constructions consisted of crushed rock, with the ratio of length to width a/b= (1-2) and an increase in the cross-sectional area S (m2) of the experimental samples, a relative change of their volume δV was observed. For whole coal, the steady state is ensured by the relative volume change δV ≤ 0,1. Beyond the set value of δV, the whole coals lose their stability and collapse, which results in the collapse of the side rocks. For the crushed rock structures, with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the compressible specimens, the relative volume change decreases from δV = 0,2 to δV = 0,35. At the same time, the crushed rock is compacted in the whole volume of the used material, the bearing capacity of protective structures is increased, which enables limiting the movement of lateral rocks and ensures their integrity.Scientific novelty Within the limits of the deformation resource of protective structures consisting of crushed rock of different granulometric composition, with their uniaxial compression, a type of functional dependence was established, which enables us to estimate the relative change in the volume of flexible supports from stiffness, which is necessary for assessing their bearing capacity.Practical significance. In order to create safe working conditions for miners in the excavation areas of a deep coal mine and prevent the collapse of side rocks in the coal massif, it is advisable to use flexible protective structures for the protection of preparatory coal mine roadways, when the ratio of their linear dimensions corresponds to the ratio of length to width of a/b>(1-2).
目的。研究急斜煤层预备巷道卸煤岩体时安全结构的稳定性,防止煤矿采掘区侧岩坍塌,为矿工创造安全的工作条件。为了达到研究目的,在山压实验室,采用全煤和由碎石组成的结构体进行了单轴压缩试验样品,对安全结构体的稳定性进行了研究。在全煤单轴压缩或由碎石组成的构筑物单轴压缩条件下,实验试样的长宽比为a/b=(1-2),截面面积S (m2)增大,其体积δV的相对变化。对于全煤,相对体积变化δV≤0,1保证稳定状态。超过δV设定值,煤体整体失稳塌缩,导致边岩塌缩。对于破碎岩石结构,随着可压缩试样截面积的增大,相对体积变化从δV = 0.2减小到δV = 0.35;同时,破碎后的岩石在所用材料的整体体积中被压实,增加了保护结构的承载能力,从而限制了侧向岩石的移动,保证了其完整性。在由不同粒度组成的碎石组成的保护结构的变形资源的限制下,随着它们的单轴压缩,建立了一种功能依赖关系,使我们能够估计柔性支架体积的相对变化,这是评估其承载能力所必需的。现实意义。为了给深部煤矿采掘区矿工创造安全的工作条件,防止煤体侧岩的坍塌,当预备煤矿巷道的线尺寸之比对应于a/b>(1-2)的长宽比时,宜采用柔性防护结构进行防护。
{"title":"STUDY OF DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES OF PREPARATORY MINING WORKS","authors":"M. Hryhorets, O. Tkachuk, Serhii Pahomov, V. Vasilenko, S. Podkopaiev","doi":"10.31474/1999-981x-2023-1-29-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2023-1-29-40","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study the stability of the security structures of the preparatory mine roadways of steep seams while unloading the coal-rock massif to prevent the collapse of side rocks in the excavation areas of the coal mine and create safe working conditions for miners.\u0000\u0000Method. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the study of the stability of security structures was carried out at the laboratory of mountain pressure by using experimental samples in the form of whole coal and structures consisted of crushed rock, which were subjected to uniaxial compression.\u0000\u0000Results. Under the conditions of uniaxial compression of whole coal or constructions consisted of crushed rock, with the ratio of length to width a/b= (1-2) and an increase in the cross-sectional area S (m2) of the experimental samples, a relative change of their volume δV was observed. For whole coal, the steady state is ensured by the relative volume change δV ≤ 0,1. Beyond the set value of δV, the whole coals lose their stability and collapse, which results in the collapse of the side rocks. For the crushed rock structures, with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the compressible specimens, the relative volume change decreases from δV = 0,2 to δV = 0,35. At the same time, the crushed rock is compacted in the whole volume of the used material, the bearing capacity of protective structures is increased, which enables limiting the movement of lateral rocks and ensures their integrity.\u0000\u0000Scientific novelty Within the limits of the deformation resource of protective structures consisting of crushed rock of different granulometric composition, with their uniaxial compression, a type of functional dependence was established, which enables us to estimate the relative change in the volume of flexible supports from stiffness, which is necessary for assessing their bearing capacity.\u0000\u0000Practical significance. In order to create safe working conditions for miners in the excavation areas of a deep coal mine and prevent the collapse of side rocks in the coal massif, it is advisable to use flexible protective structures for the protection of preparatory coal mine roadways, when the ratio of their linear dimensions corresponds to the ratio of length to width of a/b>(1-2).","PeriodicalId":344647,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124443603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES AT MINING ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE 制定建议,防止乌克兰矿业企业发生事故和紧急情况
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2021-2-35-42
V. Ezhov, V. Riasnyi, I. Yevstratenko, S. Chukharev, V. Korniyenko
Purpose. To analyse accidents at Ukrainian mining enterprises and to develop recommendations for the prevention of accidents and emergencies. Methodology. Statistical information on operational visits to accidents and emergencies by the paramilitary mine rescue service (PMRS) serving mining enterprises and other information on the state of accidents at mining enterprises in Ukraine was collected and processed. Results. On the base of statistical data provided by the PMRS and other public sources, it was determined that the main accidents and emergencies occurred in 2020 and 2021 at mining enterprises are: fires, collapse and falling of fragments of rock, in-mine and pit transport accidents, accidents caused by the use of the lifting complexes, head frame structures and mine shafts directly. Scientific novelty. The cases of accidents and emergencies at mining enterprises are systematised and measures for their prevention are proposed. Practical significance. Practical recommendations developed for mining enterprises in Ukraine on preventing accidents and emergencies in the underground and open-pit mining of mineral deposits. Priority areas of work for the next years determined for managers of mining enterprises and labour protection services: fire protection of enterprises, safety in use of in-mine and pit transport, control over conditions of lifting complexes and mine shafts; control over the use of power equipment, protection of miners against traumas at collapse in underground mine workings and surface mines, implementation of occupational health and safety training programmes for miners.
目的。分析乌克兰矿业企业的事故,并提出预防事故和紧急情况的建议。方法。收集和处理了为矿业企业服务的准军事矿山救援处对事故和紧急情况进行业务访问的统计资料以及乌克兰矿业企业事故状况的其他资料。结果。根据PMRS等公开资料提供的统计数据,确定2020年和2021年矿山企业发生的主要事故和突发事件为:火灾、岩块垮塌坠落、矿内和坑内运输事故、直接使用提升复体、头架结构和矿井引起的事故。科学的新奇。对矿山企业发生的事故和突发事件进行了系统分析,并提出了预防措施。现实意义。为乌克兰采矿企业制定了关于防止地下和露天开采矿藏事故和紧急情况的实用建议。为采矿企业和劳动保护部门的管理人员确定的今后几年的优先工作领域:企业的防火、使用矿内和坑内运输的安全、对起重设施和矿井条件的控制;控制电力设备的使用,保护矿工免受地下和露天矿井坍塌时的创伤,为矿工执行职业健康和安全培训方案。
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引用次数: 0
A METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE BALANCE AND QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER AND MINE WATER IN THE SYSTEM OF HYDRAULICALLY CONNECTED MINES 水连矿井系统中地下水与矿井水平衡及水质的评价方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31474/1999-981x-2022-2-85-92
D. Rudakov, Sun Yajun, O. Inkin
Purpose. This study aims to develop and test a method for analytical evaluating the water-salt balance within a group of hydraulically connected mines. Methods. The proposed approach includes collection, systematisation, and analysis of actual data on the flow properties of rocks, mining and geological conditions of mining coal seams that influence forming the hydrodynamic regime of the mines of the Selydivska group. To evaluate the water-salt balance of the hydraulically connected mines, the balance method and the analytical relationships of the groundwater flow theory were used. Results. The water-salt balance elements for the hydraulically connected mines of the Selydivska group were calculated for three variants having reached the good conformity with available actual data on inflows and interflows between the mines. Inter-mine fluxes of total salt mass and salts were estimated as well as iron and manganese as microelements with the highest content in mine water. According to on the predictive estimate, the increase in the water level in mine no. 2 “Novogrodivska” from +130 m to +180 m will lead to an increase in the inter-mine water inflow of up to 10% to the active mine no. 1–3 “Novogrodivska” with a proportional increase in salt flux. Novelty. The method of calculating the water-salt balance of hydraulically connected mines based on the balance method in combination with the analytical relations of the groundwater flow theory has been substantiated and verified. The developed technique allows to preliminary estimate hydrogeochemical regime parameters without discretization of the flooded mine territory in comparison to sophisticated numerical models. Practical significance. The proposed technique can be used both for engineering predictions of the groundwater and surface water quality near closed mines, and for substantiation of a conceptual model for numerical analysis of the hydrogeochemical regime in the territories of former mineral extraction.
目的。本研究旨在开发和试验一种分析评价水系连片矿山水盐平衡的方法。方法。拟议的方法包括收集、系统化和分析有关岩石流动特性、采矿和开采煤层地质条件的实际数据,这些数据会影响Selydivska集团矿山水动力机制的形成。运用平衡法和地下水流动理论的分析关系,对水连矿山的水盐平衡进行了评价。结果。计算了Selydivska集团水联矿井的三种不同的水盐平衡元素,与现有的矿井间流入和流入的实际数据很好地吻合。估算了总盐质量和盐类的矿间通量,以及矿水中含量最高的微量元素铁和锰。根据预测估计,该矿井的水位上升幅度较大。2“Novogrodivska”从+130 m增加到+180 m,将导致矿井间涌水量增加10%。1-3“Novogrodivska”,盐通量成比例增加。新鲜事物。以平衡法为基础,结合地下水流动理论的分析关系,计算水系矿井水盐平衡的方法得到了证实和验证。与复杂的数值模型相比,所开发的技术允许初步估计水文地球化学状态参数,而无需对淹水矿山区域进行离散化。现实意义。所提出的技术既可用于关闭矿山附近地下水和地表水水质的工程预测,也可用于证实一个概念模型,用于对以前矿物开采地区的水文地球化学制度进行数值分析。
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引用次数: 0
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JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute
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