Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic method focusing on the interaction between thoughts, behaviours, emotions and physiological factors in individuals. The central emphasis is on how people process the information they receive. It is assumed that the meaning or interpretation an individual has in each situation leads to uncomfortable emotions or inappropriate behaviours. Working systematically, the therapist first helps the patient see connections between their own behaviour, thoughts and feelings and to identify and explore negative automatic thoughts (NATs) and potential core beliefs. The therapist then encourages the patient to come up with alternative thoughts and test whether they result in less discomfort and better coping. The goal is for the patient to learn how to use CBT techniques by themself. The article describes a therapy process with a patient struggling with depression. Based on a case formulation that provides an overview of factors contributing to the development and maintenance of the patient's problems, the most central therapeutic interventions are described: establishing agreement on therapy goals, session structure, setting an agenda, mood checks, and homework assignments. The article also provides examples of how the therapist encourages cognitive restructuring through open-ended questions and guided discovery. Keywords: cognitive behavioural therapy, guided discovery, case formulation
{"title":"Kognitiv atferdsterapi","authors":"Marit Grande, Jan Ivar Røssberg","doi":"10.52734/ssgs6426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/ssgs6426","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic method focusing on the interaction between thoughts, behaviours, emotions and physiological factors in individuals. The central emphasis is on how people process the information they receive. It is assumed that the meaning or interpretation an individual has in each situation leads to uncomfortable emotions or inappropriate behaviours. Working systematically, the therapist first helps the patient see connections between their own behaviour, thoughts and feelings and to identify and explore negative automatic thoughts (NATs) and potential core beliefs. The therapist then encourages the patient to come up with alternative thoughts and test whether they result in less discomfort and better coping. The goal is for the patient to learn how to use CBT techniques by themself. The article describes a therapy process with a patient struggling with depression. Based on a case formulation that provides an overview of factors contributing to the development and maintenance of the patient's problems, the most central therapeutic interventions are described: establishing agreement on therapy goals, session structure, setting an agenda, mood checks, and homework assignments. The article also provides examples of how the therapist encourages cognitive restructuring through open-ended questions and guided discovery. Keywords: cognitive behavioural therapy, guided discovery, case formulation","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unified Protocol (UP) is a transdiagnostic treatment aimed at promoting emotion regulation skills in patients with emotional disorders. The approach targets maintaining factors common to many disorders, in line with recent knowledge about broad dimensions of personality underlying various diagnoses. It allows for the simultaneous treatment of comorbid disorders and can simplify training and treatment implementation. Central to emotional disorders is the individual’s negative reaction to their own emotions, and attempts to cope with them by avoidance or suppression. The goal of UP is to strengthen core skills that enable more adaptive ways of dealing with one’s emotions. These skills include understanding emotions, non-judgemental awareness, flexible thinking, the ability to do the opposite of avoidance behaviours, increased tolerance for physical sensations, and the ability to plan and carry out emotional exposure. In this article, we provide an overview of what a UP approach entails and illustrate this through the case of ‘Nadine’. Keywords: psychotherapy, transdiagnostic, unified protocol, emotion regulation, emotional disorders
{"title":"Unified Protocol","authors":"Jon Vøllestad, B. Osnes, Elisabeth Schanche","doi":"10.52734/pdtf4789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/pdtf4789","url":null,"abstract":"Unified Protocol (UP) is a transdiagnostic treatment aimed at promoting emotion regulation skills in patients with emotional disorders. The approach targets maintaining factors common to many disorders, in line with recent knowledge about broad dimensions of personality underlying various diagnoses. It allows for the simultaneous treatment of comorbid disorders and can simplify training and treatment implementation. Central to emotional disorders is the individual’s negative reaction to their own emotions, and attempts to cope with them by avoidance or suppression. The goal of UP is to strengthen core skills that enable more adaptive ways of dealing with one’s emotions. These skills include understanding emotions, non-judgemental awareness, flexible thinking, the ability to do the opposite of avoidance behaviours, increased tolerance for physical sensations, and the ability to plan and carry out emotional exposure. In this article, we provide an overview of what a UP approach entails and illustrate this through the case of ‘Nadine’. Keywords: psychotherapy, transdiagnostic, unified protocol, emotion regulation, emotional disorders","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Central assumptions in psychodynamic psychotherapy are that motivation can be unconscious and that people tend to repeat patterns of ways of being. Interpersonal relationships are important both as a starting point for what creates psychological pain and as an opportunity for recovery. Early established patterns that align with how we experience ourselves persist because they are maintained in current relationships. Bad experiences in the past thus live on not only as memories but also as patterns of the past being actualized anew in the present. Patterns can emerge through the way in which the patient addresses the therapist and in the way in which they about situations and relationships. The therapist participates in the conversation with exploratory questions, comments and suggestions for possible connections. Improvement can take place through a combination of insight into patterns established in childhood and the past and how these are repeated in the present and into new relational experiences both in therapy and in life. Becoming aware of some central relational patterns and attempts to do something different can contribute to change in the direction of more genuine and meaningful relationships, even after the end of therapy. In the article, this model is used to understand the fictional patient Nadine. Possible ways of working with Nadine, as well as possible changes during and after therapy, are described. Keywords: psychodynamic psychotherapy, relational patterns, therapeutic interventions, change processes
{"title":"Relasjonsrettet dynamisk psykoterapi","authors":"Marit Råbu, Karsten Hytten","doi":"10.52734/khag1763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/khag1763","url":null,"abstract":"Central assumptions in psychodynamic psychotherapy are that motivation can be unconscious and that people tend to repeat patterns of ways of being. Interpersonal relationships are important both as a starting point for what creates psychological pain and as an opportunity for recovery. Early established patterns that align with how we experience ourselves persist because they are maintained in current relationships. Bad experiences in the past thus live on not only as memories but also as patterns of the past being actualized anew in the present. Patterns can emerge through the way in which the patient addresses the therapist and in the way in which they about situations and relationships. The therapist participates in the conversation with exploratory questions, comments and suggestions for possible connections. Improvement can take place through a combination of insight into patterns established in childhood and the past and how these are repeated in the present and into new relational experiences both in therapy and in life. Becoming aware of some central relational patterns and attempts to do something different can contribute to change in the direction of more genuine and meaningful relationships, even after the end of therapy. In the article, this model is used to understand the fictional patient Nadine. Possible ways of working with Nadine, as well as possible changes during and after therapy, are described. Keywords: psychodynamic psychotherapy, relational patterns, therapeutic interventions, change processes ","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henrik Nordahl, Odin Hjemdal, Sverre Urnes Johnson, Hans M. Nordahl
Metacognitive therapy (MCT) was developed by Adrian Wells and is founded on the self-regulatory executive function (S-REF) model, often referred to as the metacognitive model of psychological disorder. The metacognitive model assumes that symptoms of psychological disorder will naturally subside through a process of reflexive self-regulation. However, this process can be blocked by a cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS), consisting of worry, rumination, threat monitoring and maladaptive coping behaviours, and lead to prolonged emotional distress. The CAS is under the influence of a metacognitive control system, and biases in metacognitive knowledge held by this system are assumed to constitute the central mechanisms underlying the CAS and therefore psychological disorders in general. MCT was specially developed to achieve metacognitive change and enhance self-regulation using a set of transdiagnostic treatment techniques and procedures. In the current paper we present MCT, its conceptual foundation and central features. We briefly present some of the empirical evidence supporting the metacognitive model and therapy and how MCT can be applied to a case named Nadine. Keywords: metacognitive therapy, MCT, metacognition, CAS
{"title":"Metakognitiv terapi","authors":"Henrik Nordahl, Odin Hjemdal, Sverre Urnes Johnson, Hans M. Nordahl","doi":"10.52734/chiq3716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/chiq3716","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognitive therapy (MCT) was developed by Adrian Wells and is founded on the self-regulatory executive function (S-REF) model, often referred to as the metacognitive model of psychological disorder. The metacognitive model assumes that symptoms of psychological disorder will naturally subside through a process of reflexive self-regulation. However, this process can be blocked by a cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS), consisting of worry, rumination, threat monitoring and maladaptive coping behaviours, and lead to prolonged emotional distress. The CAS is under the influence of a metacognitive control system, and biases in metacognitive knowledge held by this system are assumed to constitute the central mechanisms underlying the CAS and therefore psychological disorders in general. MCT was specially developed to achieve metacognitive change and enhance self-regulation using a set of transdiagnostic treatment techniques and procedures. In the current paper we present MCT, its conceptual foundation and central features. We briefly present some of the empirical evidence supporting the metacognitive model and therapy and how MCT can be applied to a case named Nadine. Keywords: metacognitive therapy, MCT, metacognition, CAS","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developed in the 1980s, emotionally focused couples therapy has been a well-documented model for treating couples from different cultural backgrounds where one or both partners may be experiencing mental health problems. The method is based on attachment theory and aims to strengthen the attachment bond between partners through a set of different interventions. The article presents the theoretical framework of the method, an understanding of what triggers and maintains difficulties between couples and mental health issues, as well as key goals and processes for changing couples' interaction patterns that have proven effective in addressing various mental disorders. The article also presents a clinical case that demonstrates how emotionally focused couples therapy utilises the attachment bond between partners as a resource in treating old attachment wounds.
{"title":"Emosjonsfokusert parterapi","authors":"Sindre Kvithyld Aasli","doi":"10.52734/wadz5804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/wadz5804","url":null,"abstract":"Developed in the 1980s, emotionally focused couples therapy has been a well-documented model for treating couples from different cultural backgrounds where one or both partners may be experiencing mental health problems. The method is based on attachment theory and aims to strengthen the attachment bond between partners through a set of different interventions. The article presents the theoretical framework of the method, an understanding of what triggers and maintains difficulties between couples and mental health issues, as well as key goals and processes for changing couples' interaction patterns that have proven effective in addressing various mental disorders. The article also presents a clinical case that demonstrates how emotionally focused couples therapy utilises the attachment bond between partners as a resource in treating old attachment wounds.","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":" July","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is rooted in the humanistic psychotherapy tradition. A core assumption in EFT is that our life experiences are organised in emotion schemes. For instance, problematic childhood experiences that are not processed can form what are typically referred to as maladaptive emotion schemes, continuing to influence us later in in life. The goal in EFT is to activate, process and change maladaptive emotion schemes. Such a change process typically occurs through an emotional sequence, moving from secondary emotions (e.g., depressive hopelessness) through primary maladaptive emotions (e.g., maladaptive shame) to adaptive emotions (e.g., assertive anger). This sequence is termed changing emotion with emotion, and builds on substantial process research. In this article, we will describe from an EFT perspective how psychological illness arises and which conditions are necessary for it to change. We will give an account of the empirical foundation for the model and illustrate some specific interventions using the case of ‘Nadine’. Keywords: Emotion-Focused Therapy, transdiagnostic therapy, humanistic therapy, experiential therapy
{"title":"Emosjonsfokusert terapi","authors":"Jan Reidar Stiegler, Anne Hilde Vassbø Hagen","doi":"10.52734/rjxj6924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/rjxj6924","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is rooted in the humanistic psychotherapy tradition. A core assumption in EFT is that our life experiences are organised in emotion schemes. For instance, problematic childhood experiences that are not processed can form what are typically referred to as maladaptive emotion schemes, continuing to influence us later in in life. The goal in EFT is to activate, process and change maladaptive emotion schemes. Such a change process typically occurs through an emotional sequence, moving from secondary emotions (e.g., depressive hopelessness) through primary maladaptive emotions (e.g., maladaptive shame) to adaptive emotions (e.g., assertive anger). This sequence is termed changing emotion with emotion, and builds on substantial process research. In this article, we will describe from an EFT perspective how psychological illness arises and which conditions are necessary for it to change. We will give an account of the empirical foundation for the model and illustrate some specific interventions using the case of ‘Nadine’. Keywords: Emotion-Focused Therapy, transdiagnostic therapy, humanistic therapy, experiential therapy","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":"112 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integrative psychotherapy is the most common approach to clinical practice. In this article we present the historical development of this broad and varied tradition, and describe the most commonly discussed forms of integration: technical eclectisism, the common factors approach, theoretical integration, and assmiliative integration. Furthermore, we present a more recent metatheoretical trend where integration is perceived as a processual activity, devoting more attention to our relationship to knowledge and theory than to the specific theories themselves. The integrative tradition is based on a broad range of empirically documented aspects of psychotherapy, and the role of clinical theories has been subject to debate. Using the case of Nadine, we demonstrate the ongoing integration of clinical theory, techniques and common principles of change in the current process. Keywords: integration, eclectisism, common factors, therapist’s role, alliance
{"title":"Integrativ terapi","authors":"Hanne Weie Oddli, Peder Kjøs","doi":"10.52734/idvp596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/idvp596","url":null,"abstract":"Integrative psychotherapy is the most common approach to clinical practice. In this article we present the historical development of this broad and varied tradition, and describe the most commonly discussed forms of integration: technical eclectisism, the common factors approach, theoretical integration, and assmiliative integration. Furthermore, we present a more recent metatheoretical trend where integration is perceived as a processual activity, devoting more attention to our relationship to knowledge and theory than to the specific theories themselves. The integrative tradition is based on a broad range of empirically documented aspects of psychotherapy, and the role of clinical theories has been subject to debate. Using the case of Nadine, we demonstrate the ongoing integration of clinical theory, techniques and common principles of change in the current process. Keywords: integration, eclectisism, common factors, therapist’s role, alliance","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":" 1164","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existential psychotherapy is a pluralistic tradition with a background in existential philosophy and humanistic, experiential and psychodynamic therapy traditions. A basic premise is that psychological difficulties arise when we encounter difficulties in dealing with emotional pain that is at once specific to our own individual lives, and at the same time related to common human concerns. This may be due to a lack of the inner tools to deal with emotions or of access to the kind of contact with others that can make the pain bearable. It may also have to do with being constrained by self-interpretations that lead us to believe that emotions, needs and passions can harm or destroy. The aim of existential therapy is to help enable the patient to be present in their own life, such as it is, with curiosity, humility and awe, and to constructively engage with both the possibilities and the limitations that inevitably are there. Keywords: existential psychotherapy, therapy traditions, emotional pain, therapeutic aims
{"title":"Eksistensiell psykoterapi","authors":"Per-Einar Binder","doi":"10.52734/vfbm1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/vfbm1057","url":null,"abstract":"Existential psychotherapy is a pluralistic tradition with a background in existential philosophy and humanistic, experiential and psychodynamic therapy traditions. A basic premise is that psychological difficulties arise when we encounter difficulties in dealing with emotional pain that is at once specific to our own individual lives, and at the same time related to common human concerns. This may be due to a lack of the inner tools to deal with emotions or of access to the kind of contact with others that can make the pain bearable. It may also have to do with being constrained by self-interpretations that lead us to believe that emotions, needs and passions can harm or destroy. The aim of existential therapy is to help enable the patient to be present in their own life, such as it is, with curiosity, humility and awe, and to constructively engage with both the possibilities and the limitations that inevitably are there. Keywords: existential psychotherapy, therapy traditions, emotional pain, therapeutic aims","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":"192 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a form of contextual cognitive behavioural therapy. The present article briefly presents the philosophical foundation of ACT and a core understanding of precipitating and perpetuating factors in both physical and mental health. ACT aims to increase psychological flexibility and improve quality of life. ACT is transdiagnostic and is considered an evidence-based treatment for a wide range of psychological disorders. Using a case formulation of ‘Nadine’, we illustrate examples of ACT techniques and interventions that may facilitate meaningful change. Keywords: psychological flexibility, transdiagnostic, case formulation, evidence-based
{"title":"Aksept og verdibasert atferdsterapi (ACT)","authors":"T. Andersen, Asle Elen","doi":"10.52734/qemf2838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/qemf2838","url":null,"abstract":"Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a form of contextual cognitive behavioural therapy. The present article briefly presents the philosophical foundation of ACT and a core understanding of precipitating and perpetuating factors in both physical and mental health. ACT aims to increase psychological flexibility and improve quality of life. ACT is transdiagnostic and is considered an evidence-based treatment for a wide range of psychological disorders. Using a case formulation of ‘Nadine’, we illustrate examples of ACT techniques and interventions that may facilitate meaningful change. Keywords: psychological flexibility, transdiagnostic, case formulation, evidence-based","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) is a transdiagnostic treatment method rooted in the psychodynamic tradition. A basic assumption is that many of our feelings, thoughts, desires and inner conflicts are inaccessible to our consciousness and thereby trigger and maintain psychological problems. In the 1960s, the Canadian psychoanalyst and psychiatrist Habib Davanloo began developing the original ‘standard format’ of ISTDP. After continuously studying video recordings of his treatment sessions, Davanloo systematised effective factors which he could use in subsequent treatment sessions. In the 1990s, he further developed a ‘graded format’ of ISTDP with interventions that could be adapted to patients who are easily overwhelmed by anxiety and other emotions. In this article, we take a closer look at how ISTDP operationalises ‘unconscious anxiety’ and ‘unconscious therapeutic alliance’ as observable markers that provide the therapist with information about the therapeutic process and about the choice of interventions, illustrated through the case of Nadine. Keywords: Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy, ISTDP, conflicting emotions, unconscious anxiety, unconscious therapeutic alliance
{"title":"Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy","authors":"Roger Sandvik Hansen, Filip Myhre","doi":"10.52734/mydw9231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52734/mydw9231","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) is a transdiagnostic treatment method rooted in the psychodynamic tradition. A basic assumption is that many of our feelings, thoughts, desires and inner conflicts are inaccessible to our consciousness and thereby trigger and maintain psychological problems. In the 1960s, the Canadian psychoanalyst and psychiatrist Habib Davanloo began developing the original ‘standard format’ of ISTDP. After continuously studying video recordings of his treatment sessions, Davanloo systematised effective factors which he could use in subsequent treatment sessions. In the 1990s, he further developed a ‘graded format’ of ISTDP with interventions that could be adapted to patients who are easily overwhelmed by anxiety and other emotions. In this article, we take a closer look at how ISTDP operationalises ‘unconscious anxiety’ and ‘unconscious therapeutic alliance’ as observable markers that provide the therapist with information about the therapeutic process and about the choice of interventions, illustrated through the case of Nadine. Keywords: Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy, ISTDP, conflicting emotions, unconscious anxiety, unconscious therapeutic alliance","PeriodicalId":344686,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening","volume":"65 s296","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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