{"title":"Application of the Hough Transform to Aid Raised Pavement Marker Detection on Marked Roadways","authors":"C. O’Rourke, C. Deegan, S. McLoughlin","doi":"10.21427/D7DX7W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7DX7W","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123180266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines to use of XML for business to business data exchange. Starting with creating an XML document from an existing data source and transmitting that document, we explain some of the supporting standards for XML which facilitate automated processing and transformation of an XML document. Finally we look at the advantages of using XML, and why it is expected to revolutionise electronic data interchange. Introduction to XML The Extensible Markup Language (XML), which is a subset of SGML, was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to provide a freely available, widely transportable methodology for controlled data interchange. XML was designed principally for the exchange of information in the form of computer documents over the Internet.[4], [7]. An XML document contains data, and tags which describe that data. The tags are syntactically similar to HTML tags, however unlike HTML, XML tags are not pre-defined. When creating a document, you decide what tags are required in a document, and what each tag will be called. This allows an XML document structure to mirror the equivalent business documents. Figure 1: XML Document. 14 May 1999 Joe Bloggs Dublin 1 Elicon 250g 1 Figure 1: XML Document medical prescription 7 HTML, the language currently used to create web pages, is also a subset of SGML.
{"title":"XML for Business to Business Data Exchange","authors":"Geraldine Gray, D. Kerwick","doi":"10.21427/D70S51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D70S51","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines to use of XML for business to business data exchange. Starting with creating an XML document from an existing data source and transmitting that document, we explain some of the supporting standards for XML which facilitate automated processing and transformation of an XML document. Finally we look at the advantages of using XML, and why it is expected to revolutionise electronic data interchange. Introduction to XML The Extensible Markup Language (XML), which is a subset of SGML, was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to provide a freely available, widely transportable methodology for controlled data interchange. XML was designed principally for the exchange of information in the form of computer documents over the Internet.[4], [7]. An XML document contains data, and tags which describe that data. The tags are syntactically similar to HTML tags, however unlike HTML, XML tags are not pre-defined. When creating a document, you decide what tags are required in a document, and what each tag will be called. This allows an XML document structure to mirror the equivalent business documents. Figure 1: XML Document. 14 May 1999 Joe Bloggs Dublin 1 Elicon 250g 1 Figure 1: XML Document medical prescription 7 HTML, the language currently used to create web pages, is also a subset of SGML.","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123739728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of students attending University in Ireland is at an all time high. Therefore it is essential to ensure that learning environments are well established and that they help deliver the most important aspects necessary to the students. This paper looks at what the most important factors are when it comes to learning and teaching environments, and what learning environment best delivers these factors. Three learning environments are discussed, Traditional Learning, Blended Learning and Distance Learning. The type of factors that are examined range from aspects to do with the material and resources available to the students to areas such as class atmosphere and interaction between students and staff.
{"title":"Factors Relating to the Design of Effective Third Level Learning Environment","authors":"A. Clancy","doi":"10.21427/D7QJ1M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7QJ1M","url":null,"abstract":"The number of students attending University in Ireland is at an all time high. Therefore it is essential to ensure that learning environments are well established and that they help deliver the most important aspects necessary to the students. This paper looks at what the most important factors are when it comes to learning and teaching environments, and what learning environment best delivers these factors. Three learning environments are discussed, Traditional Learning, Blended Learning and Distance Learning. The type of factors that are examined range from aspects to do with the material and resources available to the students to areas such as class atmosphere and interaction between students and staff.","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127872120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of the Frequency Response of Clinical Gas Analysers","authors":"Kabita Shakya, C. Deegan, F. Hegarty, C. Markham","doi":"10.21427/D7NJ0M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7NJ0M","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121430744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes how a music theory with explanatory power for expression of relationships between pitch classes, chords and tonal regions can be exploited as the foundations for a computer-based tool, called ‘Pitch Circles’, to support musical novices learn about and manipulate such musical concepts and relationships . The paper introduces this research with a brief review of the ‘direct manipulation’ principles for computer interaction design on which the computer-based learning tool has been based, and of the features of tonal theories which led to our choice of a particular theory, ‘Pitch Spaces’, as the basis for this work.
{"title":"Pitch Circles – From Music Theory To Computer-Based Learning Tool","authors":"Matt Smith","doi":"10.21427/D7CW43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7CW43","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how a music theory with explanatory power for expression of relationships between pitch classes, chords and tonal regions can be exploited as the foundations for a computer-based tool, called ‘Pitch Circles’, to support musical novices learn about and manipulate such musical concepts and relationships . The paper introduces this research with a brief review of the ‘direct manipulation’ principles for computer interaction design on which the computer-based learning tool has been based, and of the features of tonal theories which led to our choice of a particular theory, ‘Pitch Spaces’, as the basis for this work.","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116151289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is concerned with a computational linguistics analysis of Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (cf. Van Valin and LaPolla 1997; Van Valin (2005) and introduces research work in progress aiming to analyze the computability of RRG. The concept of computational adequacy is introduced as an important external principle from a philosophy of science perspective to sharpen the scientific principles of the area of functional computational linguistics. In addition, a pseudo-code-based meta-language is developed in order to semi-formalize the linking algorithm from semantics to syntax. This paper will show that RRG in its current fashion is not executable on an abstract machine model called Random Access Machine and is therefore not computationally adequate. It is highlighted that the semantics to syntax linking algorithm as proposed in Van Valin (2005) is in fact too coarsely grained to account for the variable undergoer linking in English three-place predicates. Also, the concept of intelligent software agents is introduced in order to account for the functional linguistic approach used in RRG. It will be shown that it is possible to account for variable undergoer linking in three-place predicates using constructional schemas as developed in Nolan (2011). Based on the development of typed feature structures of thematic relations it is possible to show that semantic macroroles as developed in Van Valin (2005) are epiphenomenal. They are an unnecessary concept set on top of thematic relations, which is in conflict with the principle of economy as discussed in Van Valin and LaPolla (1997). It is shown that thematic relations are stored in inheritance networks in the mental lexicon and that they interact with constructional schemas for transfer verbs as they are developed in this paper. The concept of discourse representation structures is also of crucial importance in this paper. It will be shown that variable undergoer linking in English is based on information structure considerations. In order to develop a computationally adequate version of RRG, a revised version of the semantics to syntax linking algorithm is developed.
本文关注的是角色和参考语法[RRG]的计算语言学分析(参见Van Valin and LaPolla 1997;Van Valin(2005)并介绍了正在进行的旨在分析RRG可计算性的研究工作。从科学哲学的角度引入计算充分性的概念作为一个重要的外部原则，以锐化功能计算语言学领域的科学原则。此外，为了实现链接算法从语义到语法的半形式化，还开发了基于伪代码的元语言。本文将表明，目前的RRG在一个称为随机存取机的抽象机器模型上是不可执行的，因此在计算上是不够的。值得强调的是，Van Valin(2005)提出的语义到语法连接算法实际上过于粗粒度，无法解释英语三位谓词中可变的接受者连接。此外，为了解释RRG中使用的功能语言方法，引入了智能软件代理的概念。这将表明，可以使用Nolan(2011)开发的结构图式来解释三位谓词中可变的接受者连接。基于主题关系的类型化特征结构的发展，有可能表明Van Valin(2005)发展的语义宏角色是副现象的。它们是建立在主题关系之上的一个不必要的概念，这与Van Valin和LaPolla(1997)所讨论的经济原则相冲突。研究表明，主位关系存储在心理词汇的继承网络中，并与迁移动词的构式图式相互作用。话语表征结构的概念在本文中也是至关重要的。本文将表明，英语中可变的从属连读是基于信息结构的考虑。为了开发一个计算足够的RRG版本，开发了一个修订版本的语义到语法链接算法。
{"title":"Three-place predicates in English: Towards a unification-based computationally adequate approach to Role and Reference Grammar","authors":"Judith Gottschalk","doi":"10.21427/D7RR0M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7RR0M","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with a computational linguistics analysis of Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (cf. Van Valin and LaPolla 1997; Van Valin (2005) and introduces research work in progress aiming to analyze the computability of RRG. The concept of computational adequacy is introduced as an important external principle from a philosophy of science perspective to sharpen the scientific principles of the area of functional computational linguistics. In addition, a pseudo-code-based meta-language is developed in order to semi-formalize the linking algorithm from semantics to syntax. This paper will show that RRG in its current fashion is not executable on an abstract machine model called Random Access Machine and is therefore not computationally adequate. It is highlighted that the semantics to syntax linking algorithm as proposed in Van Valin (2005) is in fact too coarsely grained to account for the variable undergoer linking in English three-place predicates. Also, the concept of intelligent software agents is introduced in order to account for the functional linguistic approach used in RRG. It will be shown that it is possible to account for variable undergoer linking in three-place predicates using constructional schemas as developed in Nolan (2011). Based on the development of typed feature structures of thematic relations it is possible to show that semantic macroroles as developed in Van Valin (2005) are epiphenomenal. They are an unnecessary concept set on top of thematic relations, which is in conflict with the principle of economy as discussed in Van Valin and LaPolla (1997). It is shown that thematic relations are stored in inheritance networks in the mental lexicon and that they interact with constructional schemas for transfer verbs as they are developed in this paper. The concept of discourse representation structures is also of crucial importance in this paper. It will be shown that variable undergoer linking in English is based on information structure considerations. In order to develop a computationally adequate version of RRG, a revised version of the semantics to syntax linking algorithm is developed.","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121643023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to analyse the gender assignment patterns and processes to English loan nouns that were inserted into Lithuanian language during the process of natural speech. Construction Morphology and the Morpheme-based Model were fused for the purpose of the analysis creating the Integrated Construction Morphology Model which allowed the detailed analysis of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic procedures. The main focus of this research is the change that occurs in the word level while inserting an L2 item into L1 discourse. The findings revealed that masculine gender was assigned as a default gender regardless of stem vowel classification for inanimate nouns. Biological sex determined the gender of English nouns that are animate. Furthermore, a complex process of suffix merging from English and Lithuanian languages was observed, regarding the combined suffixes as one item. This research contributed to greater understanding of the morphological processes that occur when words are borrowed into the Lithuanian language.
{"title":"The Assignment of Grammatical and Inherent Gender to English Loan Words in Lithuanian Discourse","authors":"Jone Bruno","doi":"10.21427/D7174F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D7174F","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyse the gender assignment patterns and processes to English loan nouns that were inserted into Lithuanian language during the process of natural speech. Construction Morphology and the Morpheme-based Model were fused for the purpose of the analysis creating the Integrated Construction Morphology Model which allowed the detailed analysis of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic procedures. The main focus of this research is the change that occurs in the word level while inserting an L2 item into L1 discourse. The findings revealed that masculine gender was assigned as a default gender regardless of stem vowel classification for inanimate nouns. Biological sex determined the gender of English nouns that are animate. Furthermore, a complex process of suffix merging from English and Lithuanian languages was observed, regarding the combined suffixes as one item. This research contributed to greater understanding of the morphological processes that occur when words are borrowed into the Lithuanian language.","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122034541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of virtual-classroom systems into the arsenal of e-learning tools represents a major evolution in the landscape of modern distance education. For many courses, standard virtual learning environments (VLEs) provide only a foundation upon which to base a distance learning programme. However, synchronous live online-teaching software such as Microsoft Office Communicator and Adobe Connect allow educators to simulate a real-time classroom environment over the internet like never before. Since these tools are being used more and more within higher education, questions must be asked about how effective they ultimately can be in meeting student learning requirements. More importantly, what are the best practices to employ when conducting classes online in this way? This paper examines what basic requirements a virtual classroom tool should meet for higher education purposes with much reference to a variety of commercial brands available. Obstacles and restrictions that arise based on these requirements will be discussed in order to identify and overcoming them.
{"title":"Required Features of a Virtual Classroom Tool for Use in Higher Education","authors":"Arnold Hensman","doi":"10.21427/D73X8G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21427/D73X8G","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of virtual-classroom systems into the arsenal of e-learning tools represents a major evolution in the landscape of modern distance education. For many courses, standard virtual learning environments (VLEs) provide only a foundation upon which to base a distance learning programme. However, synchronous live online-teaching software such as Microsoft Office Communicator and Adobe Connect allow educators to simulate a real-time classroom environment over the internet like never before. Since these tools are being used more and more within higher education, questions must be asked about how effective they ultimately can be in meeting student learning requirements. More importantly, what are the best practices to employ when conducting classes online in this way? This paper examines what basic requirements a virtual classroom tool should meet for higher education purposes with much reference to a variety of commercial brands available. Obstacles and restrictions that arise based on these requirements will be discussed in order to identify and overcoming them.","PeriodicalId":344899,"journal":{"name":"The ITB Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126737775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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