Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185697
Zilong Li, Wenjing Lu, Yaping Zeng, Tao Li, Zihan Zhou, Heng Wang, Jianrong Xiao, Liu Wang
{"title":"Defect-rich and high-entropy carbonaceous material derived from ZIF for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline zinc-air batteries","authors":"Zilong Li, Wenjing Lu, Yaping Zeng, Tao Li, Zihan Zhou, Heng Wang, Jianrong Xiao, Liu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185697","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185702
Yu Wang, Zhichao Sun, Lijiao Yin, Zhikun Yin
{"title":"Softening behavior of β phase in Ti6242S alloy during deformation in the two-phase region—with initial equiaxed microstructure","authors":"Yu Wang, Zhichao Sun, Lijiao Yin, Zhikun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185705
Ali Zardoshtian, Mohsen K. Keshavarz, Ali Rezaei, Jakub Preis, Tatevik Minasyan, Somayeh Pasebani, Hamid Jahed, Ehsan Toyserkani
This study investigates how the liquid-state miscibility gap enables crack arrest during functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) of Ni-Cu alloy systems, using a combination of experimental characterization and CALPHAD-based thermodynamic modelling. In that regard, IN625-CuCrZr cuboid samples were fabricated using a dual-hopper laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) system, incorporating a gradual compositional transition to mitigate abrupt thermophysical mismatches. Lack of fusion (LoF) defects were substantially mitigated by tailoring the process parameter to achieve an optimal energy density across the gradient, resulting in an overall porosity level <0.25%. Solidification cracks were observed in the composition corresponding to 25 wt.% CuCrZr, where a Cu-rich liquid film in interdendritic spaces was identified as the primary mechanism for crack initiation. The combined results of Scheil solidification simulations, Kou’s crack susceptibility index (CSI), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the solidification range confirmed the pronounced effect of compositional variation on crack susceptibility. At higher Cu contents (50–75 wt.% CuCrZr), a liquid-state miscibility gap between the two alloys was revealed by CALPHAD simulations and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. This miscibility gap led to the formation of Cu-lean spheroids around which the crack paths deflected, as shown by X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis demonstrated that the miscibility gap also promoted grain refinement by the spheroids acting as nucleation sites, transitioning the grain structure from coarse columnar (~80 µm) to fine equiaxed (~4 µm), which ultimately resulted in complete crack arrest at 75 wt.% CuCrZr. This work identifies a novel crack mitigation mechanism stemming from the liquid-state miscibility gap, demonstrating that controlled development of the miscibility gap can be leveraged to improve processability across Ni-Cu alloys and other systems prone to liquid-phase immiscibility during fusion-based manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Liquid-state miscibility gap enabled crack suppression in functionally graded additively manufactured Ni-Cu alloy systems","authors":"Ali Zardoshtian, Mohsen K. Keshavarz, Ali Rezaei, Jakub Preis, Tatevik Minasyan, Somayeh Pasebani, Hamid Jahed, Ehsan Toyserkani","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185705","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how the liquid-state miscibility gap enables crack arrest during functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) of Ni-Cu alloy systems, using a combination of experimental characterization and CALPHAD-based thermodynamic modelling. In that regard, IN625-CuCrZr cuboid samples were fabricated using a dual-hopper laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) system, incorporating a gradual compositional transition to mitigate abrupt thermophysical mismatches. Lack of fusion (LoF) defects were substantially mitigated by tailoring the process parameter to achieve an optimal energy density across the gradient, resulting in an overall porosity level <0.25%. Solidification cracks were observed in the composition corresponding to 25<!-- --> <!-- -->wt.% CuCrZr, where a Cu-rich liquid film in interdendritic spaces was identified as the primary mechanism for crack initiation. The combined results of Scheil solidification simulations, Kou’s crack susceptibility index (CSI), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the solidification range confirmed the pronounced effect of compositional variation on crack susceptibility. At higher Cu contents (50–75<!-- --> <!-- -->wt.% CuCrZr), a liquid-state miscibility gap between the two alloys was revealed by CALPHAD simulations and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. This miscibility gap led to the formation of Cu-lean spheroids around which the crack paths deflected, as shown by X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis demonstrated that the miscibility gap also promoted grain refinement by the spheroids acting as nucleation sites, transitioning the grain structure from coarse columnar (~80<!-- --> <!-- -->µm) to fine equiaxed (~4<!-- --> <!-- -->µm), which ultimately resulted in complete crack arrest at 75<!-- --> <!-- -->wt.% CuCrZr. This work identifies a novel crack mitigation mechanism stemming from the liquid-state miscibility gap, demonstrating that controlled development of the miscibility gap can be leveraged to improve processability across Ni-Cu alloys and other systems prone to liquid-phase immiscibility during fusion-based manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185692
Yong Dong, Zehao Chen, Huiting Zheng
The microstructure characteristic evolution of AlCrFeNi3 eutectic medium entropy alloy (EMEA) was studied using directional solidification process at different pulling velocities (2μm/s, 5μm/s, 10μm/s, 50μm/s, 100μm/s). The results revealed that the directionally solidified microstructure consisted of CrFeNi-enriched FCC phase and NiAl-enriched B2 (ordered BCC) phase. As the pulling velocity increased from 2μm/s to 5μm/s, the morphology of solid-liquid interface remaining flat, and the solidified microstructure evolved from rod/lamellar mixed eutectic to full lamellar structure. As the pulling velocities increased from 10μm/s to 100μm/s, the solid-liquid interface evolved to instability state, and the solidified microstructure evolved from full lamellar structure to eutectic colony. The critical pulling velocity of regular eutectic lamellae to disordered eutectic colonies was identified as 10μm/s. The Cr-enriched and NiAl-enriched nanoparticles were spontaneously precipitated from B2 phase and FCC phase respectively, and the number density of Cr-enriched nanoparticles were increased with the increase of pulling velocity. The eutectic colony plays more important role than full eutectic lamellar structure in improving the mechanical properties of AlCrFeNi3 EMEA, both the ultimate tensile strength and elongation were increased with the increment of pulling velocity. The ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) reached 1251 MPa and 1224 MPa at 50 and 100 μm/s, respectively. Concurrently, a fracture elongation of 34.3% was achieved at 100 μm/s.
{"title":"Lamellar to eutectic colony transition and its contribution to the strengthening of directionally solidified AlCrFeNi3 eutectic medium entropy alloy","authors":"Yong Dong, Zehao Chen, Huiting Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185692","url":null,"abstract":"The microstructure characteristic evolution of AlCrFeNi<sub>3</sub> eutectic medium entropy alloy (EMEA) was studied using directional solidification process at different pulling velocities (2μm/s, 5μm/s, 10μm/s, 50μm/s, 100μm/s). The results revealed that the directionally solidified microstructure consisted of CrFeNi-enriched FCC phase and NiAl-enriched B2 (ordered BCC) phase. As the pulling velocity increased from 2μm/s to 5μm/s, the morphology of solid-liquid interface remaining flat, and the solidified microstructure evolved from rod/lamellar mixed eutectic to full lamellar structure. As the pulling velocities increased from 10μm/s to 100μm/s, the solid-liquid interface evolved to instability state, and the solidified microstructure evolved from full lamellar structure to eutectic colony. The critical pulling velocity of regular eutectic lamellae to disordered eutectic colonies was identified as 10μm/s. The Cr-enriched and NiAl-enriched nanoparticles were spontaneously precipitated from B2 phase and FCC phase respectively, and the number density of Cr-enriched nanoparticles were increased with the increase of pulling velocity. The eutectic colony plays more important role than full eutectic lamellar structure in improving the mechanical properties of AlCrFeNi<sub>3</sub> EMEA, both the ultimate tensile strength and elongation were increased with the increment of pulling velocity. The ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) reached 1251<!-- --> <!-- -->MPa and 1224<!-- --> <!-- -->MPa at 50 and 100 μm/s, respectively. Concurrently, a fracture elongation of 34.3% was achieved at 100 μm/s.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185641
Ridha Elleuch, Marwa ben Chobba, Jean-Luc Deschanvres, Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi, Abdullah Y.A. Alzahrani, Ramzi Maalej, Sherif M.A.S. Keshk
{"title":"Interfacial energy transfer and charge separation in rGO/Y2O3/ZnO: Er,Yb plasmonic hybrid nanostructures for photovoltaic enhancement","authors":"Ridha Elleuch, Marwa ben Chobba, Jean-Luc Deschanvres, Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi, Abdullah Y.A. Alzahrani, Ramzi Maalej, Sherif M.A.S. Keshk","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185641","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185691
Wen-yu Li, Hui Yu, Ming Yang, Xiangting Dong, Ying Yang, Tianqi Wang
{"title":"Gas-sensitive performances of Zn/W-PTA derivative composite excited by a single UV-LED","authors":"Wen-yu Li, Hui Yu, Ming Yang, Xiangting Dong, Ying Yang, Tianqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High entropy alloys (HEAs) provide new opportunities for multifunctional materials that combine mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. We systematically examined (FeNiCoCr)100–xCux (x = 1, 5, 20, 30, 45 at.%) alloys to understand the role of Cu in adjusting these properties. Microstructural investigation revealed that increasing Cu content caused interdendritic segregation and the formation of a Cu-rich FCC2 phase, reaching 53 vol.% at 45 at.% Cu. Compression test results showed a maximum yield strength of 282 MPa with the 20 at.% Cu addition, driven by FCC1 lattice expansion and a controlled FCC2 phase fraction. Corrosion tests indicated a loss of passivity and galvanic attack with higher Cu levels, while antibacterial tests demonstrated complete elimination (>99.9%) of E. coli and S. aureus at 20 at.% Cu or more within 6 and 24 hours. 20 at.% Cu added HEAs demonstrated an excellent balance of mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, and antibacterial effectiveness among the compositions studied under the current experimental conditions, making it a promising composition for this research. These results show that compositional tuning represents a powerful strategy for the design of multifunctional HEAs.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on the Role of Copper on Mechanical, Corrosion, and Antimicrobial Properties of (FeNiCoCr)100-xCux (x=1, 5, 20, 30, 45 at.%) High Entropy Alloys","authors":"Tuğba Selcen ATALAY KALSEN, Gamze ÜÇOK, Gökhan POLAT, Veysel Murat BOSTANCI","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185698","url":null,"abstract":"High entropy alloys (HEAs) provide new opportunities for multifunctional materials that combine mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. We systematically examined (FeNiCoCr)<sub>100–x</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub> (x = 1, 5, 20, 30, 45<!-- --> <!-- -->at.%) alloys to understand the role of Cu in adjusting these properties. Microstructural investigation revealed that increasing Cu content caused interdendritic segregation and the formation of a Cu-rich FCC2 phase, reaching 53 vol.% at 45<!-- --> <!-- -->at.% Cu. Compression test results showed a maximum yield strength of 282<!-- --> <!-- -->MPa with the 20<!-- --> <!-- -->at.% Cu addition, driven by FCC1 lattice expansion and a controlled FCC2 phase fraction. Corrosion tests indicated a loss of passivity and galvanic attack with higher Cu levels, while antibacterial tests demonstrated complete elimination (>99.9%) of <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> at 20<!-- --> <!-- -->at.% Cu or more within 6 and 24<!-- --> <!-- -->hours. 20<!-- --> <!-- -->at.% Cu added HEAs demonstrated an excellent balance of mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, and antibacterial effectiveness among the compositions studied under the current experimental conditions, making it a promising composition for this research. These results show that compositional tuning represents a powerful strategy for the design of multifunctional HEAs.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185696
Kyle Lessoway, Lava Kumar Pillari, Lukas Bichler
The transportation sector continues to make strides toward the lightweighting of vehicles; however, many potential alloys considered for novel applications lack adequate thermal and electrical conductivity properties. In this study, as-cast aluminum alloy A356.2 was solution-treated and naturally aged to examine the effect of thermal processing on the microstructure evolution and subsequent mechanical and conductive properties of the alloy. The morphological transformation of key constitutive phases was tracked during the solution treatment. The microhardness and electrical conductivity were incrementally characterized from as-cast to the naturally aged conditions. Subsequently, samples with optimal properties were evaluated for tensile strength and high-temperature electrical and thermal conductivities. The effect of aging, whether natural or artificial, is generally considered a process that purifies the matrix, resulting in an overall increase in electrical conductivity. However, this study’s results show that the effect of phase evolution during natural aging, commonly accepted to be limited to the precipitation of GP-I zone clusters, causes a decrease in thermal and electrical conductivity. Initially, the electrical conductivity of the 12-hour T4 sample increased by 13.1% after solutionizing; however, natural aging decreased this by 3.7% compared to the as-cast alloy. In contrast, the clusters and silicon refinement contributed to increases of 21.7% in microhardness, 24.1% in yield strength, 24.4% in ultimate tensile strength, and a 101% increase in elongation. The room temperature thermal conductivity of the naturally aged sample increased by 5.9%.
{"title":"Investigation of Solution Treatment and Natural Aging on the Microstructural Modification of the A356.2 Aluminum Alloy: Effect on the Alloy’s Strength and Conductivity","authors":"Kyle Lessoway, Lava Kumar Pillari, Lukas Bichler","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185696","url":null,"abstract":"The transportation sector continues to make strides toward the lightweighting of vehicles; however, many potential alloys considered for novel applications lack adequate thermal and electrical conductivity properties. In this study, as-cast aluminum alloy A356.2 was solution-treated and naturally aged to examine the effect of thermal processing on the microstructure evolution and subsequent mechanical and conductive properties of the alloy. The morphological transformation of key constitutive phases was tracked during the solution treatment. The microhardness and electrical conductivity were incrementally characterized from as-cast to the naturally aged conditions. Subsequently, samples with optimal properties were evaluated for tensile strength and high-temperature electrical and thermal conductivities. The effect of aging, whether natural or artificial, is generally considered a process that purifies the matrix, resulting in an overall increase in electrical conductivity. However, this study’s results show that the effect of phase evolution during natural aging, commonly accepted to be limited to the precipitation of GP-I zone clusters, causes a decrease in thermal and electrical conductivity. Initially, the electrical conductivity of the 12-hour T4 sample increased by 13.1% after solutionizing; however, natural aging decreased this by 3.7% compared to the as-cast alloy. In contrast, the clusters and silicon refinement contributed to increases of 21.7% in microhardness, 24.1% in yield strength, 24.4% in ultimate tensile strength, and a 101% increase in elongation. The room temperature thermal conductivity of the naturally aged sample increased by 5.9%.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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