Despite its structural stability and high theoretical capacity as a sodium-ion battery anode material, Na2Ti3O7 (NTO) faces significant challenges in practical applications. The actual discharge specific capacity of NTO electrode materials is generally lower than the theoretical value, which limits ion migration rates in highly compacted electrodes and significantly degrades rate performance. To address this issue, a sol-gel method was employed herein to prepare NTO matrices and achieve precise surface modification through a C6H6N6 (MEL) coordination strategy. This modification approach weakens the interlayer forces and expands the interplanar spacing from 2.235 Å to 4.194 Å (according to TEM analysis), leading to the formation of more efficient Na+ transport channels. The optimized NTO/MEL composite exhibits superior performance, with exceptional cycling stability (capacity retention of 96% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C) and an enhanced specific capacity value compared to similar materials reported in the literature. This study provides new insights into the interfacial engineering of NTO-based anode materials and offers a new pathway for developing high-performance titanium-based energy storage materials through the proposed “coordination-induced interlayer expansion” mechanism.
尽管Na2Ti3O7 （NTO）作为钠离子电池负极材料具有结构稳定性和较高的理论容量，但在实际应用中面临着重大挑战。NTO电极材料的实际放电比容量通常低于理论值，这限制了离子在高度压实电极中的迁移速率，并显著降低了倍率性能。为了解决这一问题，本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了NTO基质，并通过C6H6N6 （MEL）配位策略实现了精确的表面修饰。这种修饰方法削弱了层间力，将面间距从2.235 Å扩大到4.194 Å （TEM分析），从而形成了更有效的Na+输运通道。优化后的NTO/MEL复合材料表现出优异的性能，与文献中报道的类似材料相比，具有优异的循环稳定性（在0.5 C下循环100次后容量保持96%）和增强的比容量值。该研究为nto基阳极材料的界面工程提供了新的见解，并通过提出的“配位诱导层间膨胀”机制为开发高性能钛基储能材料提供了新的途径。
{"title":"Regulation of Ti-N coordination bonds to enhance the cycling stability of Na2Ti3O7 anode for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Xiaoxue Zhao, Bo Zhao, Hongbo Jiang, Weixing Zhao, Dengwei Hu, Shumei Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185628","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its structural stability and high theoretical capacity as a sodium-ion battery anode material, Na<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (NTO) faces significant challenges in practical applications. The actual discharge specific capacity of NTO electrode materials is generally lower than the theoretical value, which limits ion migration rates in highly compacted electrodes and significantly degrades rate performance. To address this issue, a sol-gel method was employed herein to prepare NTO matrices and achieve precise surface modification through a C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub> (MEL) coordination strategy. This modification approach weakens the interlayer forces and expands the interplanar spacing from 2.235<!-- --> <!-- -->Å to 4.194<!-- --> <!-- -->Å (according to TEM analysis), leading to the formation of more efficient Na<sup>+</sup> transport channels. The optimized NTO/MEL composite exhibits superior performance, with exceptional cycling stability (capacity retention of 96% after 100 cycles at 0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->C) and an enhanced specific capacity value compared to similar materials reported in the literature. This study provides new insights into the interfacial engineering of NTO-based anode materials and offers a new pathway for developing high-performance titanium-based energy storage materials through the proposed “coordination-induced interlayer expansion” mechanism.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multilayer metallic composites have attracted considerable interest within scientific and industrial communities owing to their superior synergistic properties and suitability for advanced engineering applications. In this study, Al/Cu multilayer hybrid composites are fabricated via roll bonding at three deformation temperatures (25, 250, and 350 °C) to investigate their effects on microstructural evolution, interfacial characteristics, and resultant mechanical and electrical properties. The results indicate that at a deformation temperature of 350 °C, a unique bonding mechanism emerges, characterized by the formation of interfacial extruded Cu regions containing nanoscale grains (<100 nm) at the Al/Cu interface. This phenomenon represents a novel interfacial evolution pathway in roll-bonded Al/Cu composites. Deformation bands in the Al layers significantly promote dynamic recrystallization (DRX) by initiating subgrain formation and facilitating the misorientation necessary for grain boundary transformation. By contrast, DRX is absent in Cu layers owing to limited recovery/ boundary mobility. The maximum improvements in the yield and ultimate tensile strengths are achieved at room temperature (25 °C), with enhancements of 187% (140 MPa) and 93% (184 MPa), respectively, relative to rule-of-mixtures predictions. The sample processed at 350 °C exhibits the highest electrical conductivity of 73.4% International Annealed Copper Standard, which is a 15.6% enhancement relative to the baseline Al. Work hardening, grain boundary, and hetero-deformation induced hardening/strengthening are the dominant strengthening mechanisms affecting mechanical properties.
{"title":"Deformation temperature-driven evolution of microstructure, interface, mechanical, and electrical properties in Al/Cu hybrid conductors: Revealing interfacial extruded Cu regions","authors":"Ramezanali Farajollahi, Alexandre Maltais, Julie Levesque, Simeon Nachev, Roohollah Jamaati, Mousa Javidani","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185626","url":null,"abstract":"Multilayer metallic composites have attracted considerable interest within scientific and industrial communities owing to their superior synergistic properties and suitability for advanced engineering applications. In this study, Al/Cu multilayer hybrid composites are fabricated via roll bonding at three deformation temperatures (25, 250, and 350 °C) to investigate their effects on microstructural evolution, interfacial characteristics, and resultant mechanical and electrical properties. The results indicate that at a deformation temperature of 350 °C, a unique bonding mechanism emerges, characterized by the formation of interfacial extruded Cu regions containing nanoscale grains (<100<!-- --> <!-- -->nm) at the Al/Cu interface. This phenomenon represents a novel interfacial evolution pathway in roll-bonded Al/Cu composites. Deformation bands in the Al layers significantly promote dynamic recrystallization (DRX) by initiating subgrain formation and facilitating the misorientation necessary for grain boundary transformation. By contrast, DRX is absent in Cu layers owing to limited recovery/ boundary mobility. The maximum improvements in the yield and ultimate tensile strengths are achieved at room temperature (25 °C), with enhancements of 187% (140<!-- --> <!-- -->MPa) and 93% (184<!-- --> <!-- -->MPa), respectively, relative to rule-of-mixtures predictions. The sample processed at 350 °C exhibits the highest electrical conductivity of 73.4% International Annealed Copper Standard, which is a 15.6% enhancement relative to the baseline Al. Work hardening, grain boundary, and hetero-deformation induced hardening/strengthening are the dominant strengthening mechanisms affecting mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"256 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185624
Dhruvi Bhatnagar, Neeraj Singh
Nanocrystalline nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄), copper ferrite (CuFe₂O₄), and mixed nickel–copper ferrite (Ni₀.₅Cu₀.₅Fe₂O₄) are synthesized via the sol–gel auto-combustion method and examined for their structural and elastic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement confirms the cubic spinel structure and offers insights into cation distribution, crystal structure, bond lengths, and bond angles. Crystallite sizes are estimated using various XRD-based models, including Scherrer, Williamson–Hall (UDM, USDM, UDEDM), Halder–Wagner, Monshi–Scherrer, Shahadat–Scherrer, size–strain plot, and linear straight-line methods. Values ranged from 11 to 34nm, highlighting the significance of strain-corrected methods in assessing nanoscale crystallinity. These tiny crystallite sizes are directly related to a higher surface-to-volume ratio, boosting catalytic activity and interactions for EMI shielding use. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed aggregated particle sizes ranging from 97 to 126nm, resulting from nanocrystal clustering, which is favorable for interfacial polarization, a key factor in determining dielectric and sensing behavior. FTIR confirms spinel formation and elastic force constants from 167 to 198 Nm-1. Elastic analysis reveals a Poisson’s ratio between 0.129 and 0.145, indicating covalent bonding that enhances stiffness and stability. Pugh’s ratio indicated a mainly brittle material, with some ductility in the mixed ferrite, suitable for applications requiring rigidity with limited plasticity, such as coatings or magnetic cores. NiFe₂O₄ had a higher Young’s modulus, confirming durability. Linking strain-corrected XRD models with FTIR elastic parameters connects nanoscale structure to functional behavior, showing that spinel ferrites are suitable for EMI shielding, photocatalysis, sensors, and magnetic devices
{"title":"Investigating the Elastic Properties and Multimodel Analysis of Crystallite Size in Nickel and Copper-Based Ferrites for Understanding Functional Behaviour","authors":"Dhruvi Bhatnagar, Neeraj Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185624","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄), copper ferrite (CuFe₂O₄), and mixed nickel–copper ferrite (Ni₀.₅Cu₀.₅Fe₂O₄) are synthesized via the sol–gel auto-combustion method and examined for their structural and elastic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement confirms the cubic spinel structure and offers insights into cation distribution, crystal structure, bond lengths, and bond angles. Crystallite sizes are estimated using various XRD-based models, including Scherrer, Williamson–Hall (UDM, USDM, UDEDM), Halder–Wagner, Monshi–Scherrer, Shahadat–Scherrer, size–strain plot, and linear straight-line methods. Values ranged from 11 to 34<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>nm, highlighting the significance of strain-corrected methods in assessing nanoscale crystallinity. These tiny crystallite sizes are directly related to a higher surface-to-volume ratio, boosting catalytic activity and interactions for EMI shielding use. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed aggregated particle sizes ranging from 97 to 126<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>nm, resulting from nanocrystal clustering, which is favorable for interfacial polarization, a key factor in determining dielectric and sensing behavior. FTIR confirms spinel formation and elastic force constants from 167 to 198 Nm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>. Elastic analysis reveals a Poisson’s ratio between 0.129 and 0.145, indicating covalent bonding that enhances stiffness and stability. Pugh’s ratio indicated a mainly brittle material, with some ductility in the mixed ferrite, suitable for applications requiring rigidity with limited plasticity, such as coatings or magnetic cores. NiFe₂O₄ had a higher Young’s modulus, confirming durability. Linking strain-corrected XRD models with FTIR elastic parameters connects nanoscale structure to functional behavior, showing that spinel ferrites are suitable for EMI shielding, photocatalysis, sensors, and magnetic devices","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185639
Li Wang, Zhongli Zhu
The glass with the composition (40-x)B2O3-30GeO2-10Bi2O3-20ZnO-xEu2O3 (BGeBiZn-xEu2O3) was prepared by the melt-quenching method. This study primarily investigates the comprehensive effects of Eu2O3 single doping on the structure, physical properties, thermal stability, radiative properties, and optical performance of the glass. Through absorption spectroscopy, the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, bonding parameters, and optical band gap values of the glass were calculated. Under 394 nm excitation, the BGeBiZn-2.0Eu2O3 glass sample exhibits higher stimulated emission cross-section (23.009×10-22 cm2), gain bandwidth (26.565×10-27 cm3), and optical gain (4.752×10-24 cm2·s). These outstanding properties indicate the potential of this glass sample as a candidate material for red laser applications. Particularly noteworthy are the glass material's good characteristics, including a high quantum efficiency (97.34%) and a relatively high thermal activation energy (0.22249 eV). The glass sample containing 3.0 mol% Eu2O3 exhibits a high color purity (98.48%). The CIE chromaticity coordinates for all glass samples were located within the red region, with corresponding color temperatures ranging from 1882 K to 1966 K. This confirms the glass's capability for strong red light emission. Based on these research findings, this has significant meaning and value for the future development of sustainable red laser materials.
{"title":"Study on the structure, luminescent properties, and radiative properties of Eu3+-doped borogermanate glass achieving high quantum efficiency","authors":"Li Wang, Zhongli Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185639","url":null,"abstract":"The glass with the composition (40-x)B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-30GeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-10Bi<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-20ZnO-xEu<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (BGeBiZn-xEu<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) was prepared by the melt-quenching method. This study primarily investigates the comprehensive effects of Eu<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> single doping on the structure, physical properties, thermal stability, radiative properties, and optical performance of the glass. Through absorption spectroscopy, the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, bonding parameters, and optical band gap values of the glass were calculated. Under 394 nm excitation, the BGeBiZn-2.0Eu<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> glass sample exhibits higher stimulated emission cross-section (23.009×10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-22</ce:sup> cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>), gain bandwidth (26.565×10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-27</ce:sup> cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>), and optical gain (4.752×10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-24</ce:sup> cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>·s). These outstanding properties indicate the potential of this glass sample as a candidate material for red laser applications. Particularly noteworthy are the glass material's good characteristics, including a high quantum efficiency (97.34%) and a relatively high thermal activation energy (0.22249 eV). The glass sample containing 3.0 mol% Eu<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> exhibits a high color purity (98.48%). The CIE chromaticity coordinates for all glass samples were located within the red region, with corresponding color temperatures ranging from 1882 K to 1966 K. This confirms the glass's capability for strong red light emission. Based on these research findings, this has significant meaning and value for the future development of sustainable red laser materials.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185632
Xueao Jiang, Yang Lv, Long Zhao, Yan Zheng, Mai Jiang, Feifan Liu, Weijian Liu, Zewei Hu, Yanjie Ren
The corrosion of Cu current collectors (CuCCs), along with Li dendrite formation and dead Li accumulation, collectively triggers persistent side reactions, battery short-circuiting, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and thermal runaway, posing critical challenges for lithium-ion battery (LIB) development. To address these issues, we developed a multifunctional "all-in-one" CuCC (PGCu) via an electrochemical polymerization approach. Specifically, we devised a facile yet effective strategy for the in-situ construction of a graphene oxide (GO)-doped polypyrrole (PPy) modification layer (PGCC) on CuCC. Structural characterizations reveal that the GO-incorporated PPy matrix exhibits exceptional architectural stability, a high specific surface area (25.793 m2 g-1), and an optimized pore size (4.91 nm). Combined with the remarkable lithiophilicity (Li adsorption energy of -3.50 eV) imparted by GO's functional groups, the coating acts as a synergistic inner-outer shield, blocking solvent access and guiding uniform Li+ flux. This design suppresses CuCC corrosion, reducing the corrosion current density to 0.562 μA cm-2 after 500 h. Consequently, Li||PGCu cells achieve an exceptional average CE of 98.2% over 250 cycles at 1 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2, significantly outperforming Li||BCu cells (which exhibit CE degradation before 100 cycles). Post-cycling analysis confirms a dendrite-free, planar Li morphology. This work creatively introduces conductive polymers into LIB architectures through a scalable electrochemical approach and provides fundamental insights into electrolyte-shielding strategies and Li deposition/stripping modulation. Our findings establish a new paradigm for designing high-safety, long-cycle-life LIBs.
Cu集流器（CuCCs）的腐蚀，以及锂枝晶的形成和死锂的积累，共同引发了持续的副反应，电池短路，低库仑效率（CE）和热失控，给锂离子电池（LIB）的发展带来了严峻的挑战。为了解决这些问题，我们通过电化学聚合方法开发了一种多功能“一体化”CuCC （PGCu）。具体来说，我们设计了一种简单而有效的策略，用于在CuCC上原位构建氧化石墨烯（GO）掺杂聚吡咯（PPy）修饰层（PGCC）。结构表征表明，氧化石墨烯掺杂的PPy基质具有优异的结构稳定性、高比表面积（25.793 m2 g-1）和优化孔径（4.91 nm）。结合氧化石墨烯官能团所赋予的显著亲锂性（Li吸附能为-3.50 eV），该涂层起到了协同的内外屏蔽作用，阻断了溶剂的进入，并引导了均匀的Li+通量。该设计抑制了CuCC腐蚀，在500小时后将腐蚀电流密度降低到0.562 μA cm-2。因此，Li||PGCu电池在1 mA cm-2和1 mAh cm-2下，在250次循环中实现了98.2%的卓越平均CE，显著优于Li||BCu电池（在100次循环前表现出CE降解）。循环后分析证实了无枝晶的平面Li形态。这项工作创造性地通过可扩展的电化学方法将导电聚合物引入LIB架构，并为电解质屏蔽策略和锂沉积/剥离调制提供了基本见解。我们的发现为设计高安全性、长循环寿命的lib建立了一个新的范例。
{"title":"A novel \"all in one\" anti-corrosion Cu current collector with an inner-outer synergistic electrolyte solvents shielding effect in long lifespan lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Xueao Jiang, Yang Lv, Long Zhao, Yan Zheng, Mai Jiang, Feifan Liu, Weijian Liu, Zewei Hu, Yanjie Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185632","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion of Cu current collectors (CuCCs), along with Li dendrite formation and dead Li accumulation, collectively triggers persistent side reactions, battery short-circuiting, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and thermal runaway, posing critical challenges for lithium-ion battery (LIB) development. To address these issues, we developed a multifunctional \"all-in-one\" CuCC (PGCu) via an electrochemical polymerization approach. Specifically, we devised a facile yet effective strategy for the in-situ construction of a graphene oxide (GO)-doped polypyrrole (PPy) modification layer (PGCC) on CuCC. Structural characterizations reveal that the GO-incorporated PPy matrix exhibits exceptional architectural stability, a high specific surface area (25.793 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>), and an optimized pore size (4.91<!-- --> <!-- -->nm). Combined with the remarkable lithiophilicity (Li adsorption energy of -3.50<!-- --> <!-- -->eV) imparted by GO's functional groups, the coating acts as a synergistic inner-outer shield, blocking solvent access and guiding uniform Li<sup>+</sup> flux. This design suppresses CuCC corrosion, reducing the corrosion current density to 0.562 μA cm<sup>-2</sup> after 500<!-- --> <!-- -->h. Consequently, Li||PGCu cells achieve an exceptional average CE of 98.2% over 250 cycles at 1<!-- --> <!-- -->mA<!-- --> <!-- -->cm<sup>-2</sup> and 1 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>, significantly outperforming Li||BCu cells (which exhibit CE degradation before 100 cycles). Post-cycling analysis confirms a dendrite-free, planar Li morphology. This work creatively introduces conductive polymers into LIB architectures through a scalable electrochemical approach and provides fundamental insights into electrolyte-shielding strategies and Li deposition/stripping modulation. Our findings establish a new paradigm for designing high-safety, long-cycle-life LIBs.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185617
Hao Chen, Chao Sun, Xuan Xia, Yi Shao, Mengjie Wang, Cheng Wang, Jian Zhou, Chenglin Chu, Feng Xue, Jing Bai
Additive manufacturing of Mg alloys faces challenges in controlling grain and texture due to unstable solidification. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), with its characteristic layer-wise deposition and repeated thermal cycling, provides an opportunity to reconstruct microstructures in ways not achievable through conventional casting. In this study, pure Mg, AZ31, and Mg-Zn-Ca alloy were prepared using WAAM, and their microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors were investigated. The results reveal that WAAM-AZ31 achieved a UTS of 239MPa and a E of 31.6% which are better than those of WAAM-Mg-Zn-Ca (UTS: 202MPa, E: 27.6%) and WAAM-pure Mg (UTS: 89MPa, E: 23.5%). The corrosion rate calculated from hydrogen evolution of WAAM-AZ31 (0.66mm/y) and WAAM-Mg-Zn-Ca (0.25mm/y) in Hanks’ balanced salt solution at 37.5 ℃ for 168h were significantly lower than that of WAAM-pure Mg (16.4mm/y). Both WAAM-AZ31 and WAAM-Mg-Zn-Ca alloy show great mechanical and corrosion property among most of reported cast Mg alloys. The synergistic enhancement of performances is attributed to WAAM-induced microstructural features, including the high dislocation density and randomly grain orientations. These findings demonstrate that optimizing WAAM offers a viable strategy for engineering Mg alloys, synergistically meeting the strength and corrosion performance requirements for structural and biomedical applications.
{"title":"Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties in AZ31 Alloy via WAAM-induced Microstructure Tailoring","authors":"Hao Chen, Chao Sun, Xuan Xia, Yi Shao, Mengjie Wang, Cheng Wang, Jian Zhou, Chenglin Chu, Feng Xue, Jing Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185617","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing of Mg alloys faces challenges in controlling grain and texture due to unstable solidification. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), with its characteristic layer-wise deposition and repeated thermal cycling, provides an opportunity to reconstruct microstructures in ways not achievable through conventional casting. In this study, pure Mg, AZ31, and Mg-Zn-Ca alloy were prepared using WAAM, and their microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors were investigated. The results reveal that WAAM-AZ31 achieved a UTS of 239<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa and a E of 31.6% which are better than those of WAAM-Mg-Zn-Ca (UTS: 202<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa, E: 27.6%) and WAAM-pure Mg (UTS: 89<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa, E: 23.5%). The corrosion rate calculated from hydrogen evolution of WAAM-AZ31 (0.66<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mm/y) and WAAM-Mg-Zn-Ca (0.25<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mm/y) in Hanks’ balanced salt solution at 37.5 ℃ for 168<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h were significantly lower than that of WAAM-pure Mg (16.4<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mm/y). Both WAAM-AZ31 and WAAM-Mg-Zn-Ca alloy show great mechanical and corrosion property among most of reported cast Mg alloys. The synergistic enhancement of performances is attributed to WAAM-induced microstructural features, including the high dislocation density and randomly grain orientations. These findings demonstrate that optimizing WAAM offers a viable strategy for engineering Mg alloys, synergistically meeting the strength and corrosion performance requirements for structural and biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185616
Ruixuan Tian, Wenguang Zhu, Conghui Zhang, Si Gao, Zhaozhao Dong, Qiang Ma, Changsheng Tan, Jian Wang
Superplastic deformation and microstructure evolution of TC4 alloy with bimodal structure fabricated by pack rolling were studied in this paper. After cross rolling and annealing at α+β phase field, a bimodal structure comprising fine recrystallized grains (~0.5 μm) coexisting with larger deformed grains (~8 μm) was displayed. High temperature tensile test revealed that the bimodal structure demonstrates superplasticity at 750~850 °C with strain rate of 5×10-3~5×10-4s-1, and an exceptional elongation of 875% at 750°C-1×10-3s-1 was achieved. Interestingly, the bimodal structure gradually transformed into equiaxed grains (~2 μm), accompanied by a progressive weakening of the initial B-type texture (<0001>//ND) which finally resulted in a texture-free microstructure during superplastic deformation. The evolution of microstructure and texture during superplastic deformation probably originated from three concurrent factors: (i) grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocation slip, (ii) dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and (iii) strain-induced α→β phase transformation. Dynamic recrystallization promoted the grain refinement, while further facilitated the homogenization of the structure. Dynamic recrystallization and grain boundary sliding, weakened the initial B-type texture and promoted the formation of a texture-free structure.
{"title":"Microstructural evolution during superplastic deformation of TC4 alloy with bimodal structure at 750~850℃","authors":"Ruixuan Tian, Wenguang Zhu, Conghui Zhang, Si Gao, Zhaozhao Dong, Qiang Ma, Changsheng Tan, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185616","url":null,"abstract":"Superplastic deformation and microstructure evolution of TC4 alloy with bimodal structure fabricated by pack rolling were studied in this paper. After cross rolling and annealing at α+β phase field, a bimodal structure comprising fine recrystallized grains (~0.5 μm) coexisting with larger deformed grains (~8 μm) was displayed. High temperature tensile test revealed that the bimodal structure demonstrates superplasticity at 750~850 °C with strain rate of 5×10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-3</ce:sup>~5×10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-4<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp></ce:sup>s<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>, and an exceptional elongation of 875% at 750°C-1×10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-3<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp></ce:sup>s<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> was achieved. Interestingly, the bimodal structure gradually transformed into equiaxed grains (~2 μm), accompanied by a progressive weakening of the initial B-type texture (<0001>//ND) which finally resulted in a texture-free microstructure during superplastic deformation. The evolution of microstructure and texture during superplastic deformation probably originated from three concurrent factors: (i) grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocation slip, (ii) dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and (iii) strain-induced α→β phase transformation. Dynamic recrystallization promoted the grain refinement, while further facilitated the homogenization of the structure. Dynamic recrystallization and grain boundary sliding, weakened the initial B-type texture and promoted the formation of a texture-free structure.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185646
Aniruddha B. Sathe, Periyasamy Anushkkaran, Weon-Sik Chae, Sun Hee Choi, Bongkyu Kim, Jum Suk Jang
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a green technology that converts solar energy into hydrogen fuel. Hematite (Fe2O3) is considered a promising photoanode for PEC applications due to its narrow bandgap, natural abundance, and strong stability in aqueous environments. However, its poor conductivity and severe charge carrier recombination hinder its PEC performance. To address these limitations, this study adopts a co-doping strategy using an ex-situ dipping technique to sequentially incorporate Pt and Si into Fe2O3. Pt/Si co-doping significantly enhanced bulk conductivity by lowering the bulk charge transfer resistance. Additionally, a high-temperature heat treatment leads to the formation of a SiOx overlayer on the surface, which reduced surface charge transfer resistance and improved hole transfer to the electrolyte for efficient water oxidation. The co-doped Fe2O3 photoanode achieved a photocurrent density of 1.52mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is 58% higher than that of undoped Fe2O3. It also exhibited a 24% incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency at 380nm. With Co-Pi cocatalyst loading, the performance further improved to 1.66mA/cm2, along with hydrogen and oxygen evolution rates of 76.32 and 31.9 μmol/h, respectively. This work highlights the effectiveness of dual-ion doping and overlayer engineering for developing high-efficiency PEC photoanodes.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of successive Pt/Si co-doping on Fe2O3 photoanode for improved photoelectrochemical water splitting","authors":"Aniruddha B. Sathe, Periyasamy Anushkkaran, Weon-Sik Chae, Sun Hee Choi, Bongkyu Kim, Jum Suk Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185646","url":null,"abstract":"Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a green technology that converts solar energy into hydrogen fuel. Hematite (Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) is considered a promising photoanode for PEC applications due to its narrow bandgap, natural abundance, and strong stability in aqueous environments. However, its poor conductivity and severe charge carrier recombination hinder its PEC performance. To address these limitations, this study adopts a co-doping strategy using an ex-situ dipping technique to sequentially incorporate Pt and Si into Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. Pt/Si co-doping significantly enhanced bulk conductivity by lowering the bulk charge transfer resistance. Additionally, a high-temperature heat treatment leads to the formation of a SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> overlayer on the surface, which reduced surface charge transfer resistance and improved hole transfer to the electrolyte for efficient water oxidation. The co-doped Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> photoanode achieved a photocurrent density of 1.52<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mA/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> at 1.23 V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">RHE</ce:inf>, which is 58% higher than that of undoped Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. It also exhibited a 24% incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency at 380<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>nm. With Co-Pi cocatalyst loading, the performance further improved to 1.66<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mA/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, along with hydrogen and oxygen evolution rates of 76.32 and 31.9 μmol/h, respectively. This work highlights the effectiveness of dual-ion doping and overlayer engineering for developing high-efficiency PEC photoanodes.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185661
Mengyao Xu, Renpeng Han, Quanwang Niu, Xiangfu Wang
Compared with conventional transparent ferroelectric ceramics, potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based ceramics not only exhibit excellent transparency but also possess remarkable optoelectronic properties, endowing them with unique advantages in multifunctional applications. In this study, transparent ceramics were successfully prepared by doping the A-site and B-site of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics with appropriate amounts of Bi3 + /Yb3+/Ho3+ and Zr4+/Ta5+, respectively, the ceramics achieve an optical transmittance of up to 50 % in the visible region. The ceramics also exhibit highly efficient photoluminescence properties and typical relaxation ferroelectricity under the combined effect of significantly enhanced relaxation behavior and grain refinement. In addition, with the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique, the ceramic achieves highly sensitive non-contact temperature sensing with maximum absolute and relative sensitivities of 1.64 × 10−2 K−1 (673 K) and 0.56 % K−1 (473 K), respectively, which exhibits good optical temperature sensing performance. These results indicate that the ceramic material integrates dielectric properties and optical temperature-sensing performance, thereby holding great potential for optoelectronic dual-mode temperature sensing.
{"title":"Synergistic optimization of dielectric and thermometric properties in KNN-based transparent ceramics","authors":"Mengyao Xu, Renpeng Han, Quanwang Niu, Xiangfu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185661","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with conventional transparent ferroelectric ceramics, potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based ceramics not only exhibit excellent transparency but also possess remarkable optoelectronic properties, endowing them with unique advantages in multifunctional applications. In this study, transparent ceramics were successfully prepared by doping the A-site and B-site of K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>NbO<sub>3</sub>-based ceramics with appropriate amounts of Bi<sup>3 +</sup> /Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup> and Zr<sup>4+</sup>/Ta<sup>5+</sup>, respectively, the ceramics achieve an optical transmittance of up to 50 % in the visible region. The ceramics also exhibit highly efficient photoluminescence properties and typical relaxation ferroelectricity under the combined effect of significantly enhanced relaxation behavior and grain refinement. In addition, with the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique, the ceramic achieves highly sensitive non-contact temperature sensing with maximum absolute and relative sensitivities of 1.64 × 10<sup>−2</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> (673 K) and 0.56 % K<sup>−1</sup> (473 K), respectively, which exhibits good optical temperature sensing performance. These results indicate that the ceramic material integrates dielectric properties and optical temperature-sensing performance, thereby holding great potential for optoelectronic dual-mode temperature sensing.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"366 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185584
A.C. Iloanya, C.E. Ekuma
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials possess a high degree of optoelectronic tunability via various engineering processes. Herein, we studied the magnetic tunability of 2D germanium sulfide (GeS) through chemical intercalation. Our first principles analysis within DFT and GW＋ BSE computational techniques reveals that the intercalation of organometallics modulates the optoelectronic structure of GeS. The tunability of our 2D GeS-based hybrids depends on the interaction between the transition-metal atom and the cyclopentadienyls in the guest species. Our computational framework explores a well-defined, experimentally-relevant intercalant concentration, enabling the dynamic emergence of novel characteristics. These include the emergence of flat bands, substantial electronic charge transfer, and FM ground state observed in metallocene-intercalated GeS with a Curie temperature of ∼ 61.82 K. Our research indicates that integrating metallocenes into atomically thin GeS effectively modifies its structural and electronic properties, opening new avenues for the development of advanced technological applications in future devices.
{"title":"Tunable magnetic and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional GeS via metallocene intercalation","authors":"A.C. Iloanya, C.E. Ekuma","doi":"10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.185584","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials possess a high degree of optoelectronic tunability via various engineering processes. Herein, we studied the magnetic tunability of 2D germanium sulfide (GeS) through chemical intercalation. Our first principles analysis within DFT and GW＋ BSE computational techniques reveals that the intercalation of organometallics modulates the optoelectronic structure of GeS. The tunability of our 2D GeS-based hybrids depends on the interaction between the transition-metal atom and the cyclopentadienyls in the guest species. Our computational framework explores a well-defined, experimentally-relevant intercalant concentration, enabling the dynamic emergence of novel characteristics. These include the emergence of flat bands, substantial electronic charge transfer, and FM ground state observed in metallocene-intercalated GeS with a Curie temperature of <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math> 61.82 K. Our research indicates that integrating metallocenes into atomically thin GeS effectively modifies its structural and electronic properties, opening new avenues for the development of advanced technological applications in future devices.","PeriodicalId":344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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