Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.13
Andronika Màrtonova
Film panoramas and specialized lectures related to the topic of Roma representation in the screen arts are of particular importance to the Bulgarian cultural field and society, but unfortunately they are rarely realized. The visual language’s instrumentarium could be different when try to articulate the image of the largest ethnic group in the Balkans. All autours must touch carefully the Roma filmtopics and sub-narratives in the frame area: on the one hand, they must achieve authentic representations and to demonstrate clear understanding, but on the other hand the risk of drowning in well knows stereotypes still exist. This article makes the first approach to the wide field of inisibility/ visibility of Roma in the field of Bulgarian screen arts. In our post-totalitarian cinema, the Gypsy Ethnicity affects the various types of films, their formats and genres. In the beginning (just after 1989 until the Millennium), there was a saturation and domination in documentary cinema, followed by the outflow of the subject. In that in recent years there has been an activation of the feature forms (long – and shortlength), made by new, young directors, who are trying to construct positive messages and images. An important focus is that Roma representatives (directors, screenwriters, actors etc.) are timidly included in the national cinema process. In general, however, the picture of presence is somehow marginal unfortunately.Bulgarian new cinema can fully reveal ethno-cultural differences and similarities, bring to the fore both the accordance and contrasts in the intercultural meeting. And in particular – properly and credible to paint the colorful, peculiar and distinctive world of the Roma ethnicity. Last but not least, the audiovisual arts could provoke a social change in the perception of the Other. The image of the Gypsies as a "internal foreigner", however, is gradually transformed. The research texts from the large humanity and social disciplines, and especially Film Studies, appropriatelly focusses on the diverse discussion fields in which cinema artifacts function: social anxiety, poverty, marginalization, sexualization, trauma and victimization during the Holocaust, children’s worlds and Roma childhood problems.
{"title":"(Not)visible in Bulgarian Cinema – to the Topic of Roma and On-screen Presentations","authors":"Andronika Màrtonova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Film panoramas and specialized lectures related to the topic of Roma representation in the screen arts are of particular importance to the Bulgarian cultural field and society, but unfortunately they are rarely realized. The visual language’s instrumentarium could be different when try to articulate the image of the largest ethnic group in the Balkans. All autours must touch carefully the Roma filmtopics and sub-narratives in the frame area: on the one hand, they must achieve authentic representations and to demonstrate clear understanding, but on the other hand the risk of drowning in well knows stereotypes still exist. This article makes the first approach to the wide field of inisibility/ visibility of Roma in the field of Bulgarian screen arts. In our post-totalitarian cinema, the Gypsy Ethnicity affects the various types of films, their formats and genres. In the beginning (just after 1989 until the Millennium), there was a saturation and domination in documentary cinema, followed by the outflow of the subject. In that in recent years there has been an activation of the feature forms (long – and shortlength), made by new, young directors, who are trying to construct positive messages and images. An important focus is that Roma representatives (directors, screenwriters, actors etc.) are timidly included in the national cinema process. In general, however, the picture of presence is somehow marginal unfortunately.Bulgarian new cinema can fully reveal ethno-cultural differences and similarities, bring to the fore both the accordance and contrasts in the intercultural meeting. And in particular – properly and credible to paint the colorful, peculiar and distinctive world of the Roma ethnicity. Last but not least, the audiovisual arts could provoke a social change in the perception of the Other. The image of the Gypsies as a \"internal foreigner\", however, is gradually transformed. The research texts from the large humanity and social disciplines, and especially Film Studies, appropriatelly focusses on the diverse discussion fields in which cinema artifacts function: social anxiety, poverty, marginalization, sexualization, trauma and victimization during the Holocaust, children’s worlds and Roma childhood problems.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123098156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.21
Zornitsa Tancheva
Law, Spelling and Orthography" is a modern textbook, presenting the norms of the Bulgarian literary language. It is aimed mainly at professionals in the judiciary, but can be successfully used by anyone who wants to consolidate their knowledge of spelling, punctuation and orthography. In addition to theoretical developments on the most important topics, there are also exercises to consolidate the acquired knowledge. At the end of the book there is a short dictionary of words that create spelling problems for professionals. Undoubtedly, this is a modern textbook that will make it easier for anyone who wants to write competently and express themselves more than convincingly.
{"title":"Law, Spelling and Orthography","authors":"Zornitsa Tancheva","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.21","url":null,"abstract":"Law, Spelling and Orthography\" is a modern textbook, presenting the norms of the Bulgarian literary language. It is aimed mainly at professionals in the judiciary, but can be successfully used by anyone who wants to consolidate their knowledge of spelling, punctuation and orthography. In addition to theoretical developments on the most important topics, there are also exercises to consolidate the acquired knowledge. At the end of the book there is a short dictionary of words that create spelling problems for professionals. Undoubtedly, this is a modern textbook that will make it easier for anyone who wants to write competently and express themselves more than convincingly.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121021998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postcolonial landmarks of the early 21st century create the conditions for the revival and emergence of oppressed cultures, languages, and literatures in the recent past. These issues are especially acute during the war between Ukraine and Russia in 2022. The source should be sought in past historical conflicts, including the early 20th century. One of the powerful and talented artists who tried to revive, develop and rehabilitate the "Ukrainian" in the beginning 20-th century contrary to the official Russian system, there was a prominent Ukrainian writer Mykola Khvylovy (1893-1933), who literally gave his life for it. The scientific problem is to identify the aesthetic modernist dominants of Mykola Khvylovy's work. In addition to European principles, the formation of Ukrainian national identity at the language level traces in poetic works of art. The purpose is to study women's artistic images, consciousness and character of the heroine, conflicts between men and women, their attitude to family and child on the level of modernist principles in Mykola Khvylov's poetry "Tram Letter" in terms of poetic analysis. This reveals the ideas: the doom of person in the bloodshed and death of wars and revolutions; denial of humanity, love itself; Ukrainian national idea.
{"title":"Lost Future. Mykola Khvylovyi \"Tram Letter\"","authors":"Svitlana Кryvoruchko","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Postcolonial landmarks of the early 21st century create the conditions for the revival and emergence of oppressed cultures, languages, and literatures in the recent past. These issues are especially acute during the war between Ukraine and Russia in 2022. The source should be sought in past historical conflicts, including the early 20th century. One of the powerful and talented artists who tried to revive, develop and rehabilitate the \"Ukrainian\" in the beginning 20-th century contrary to the official Russian system, there was a prominent Ukrainian writer Mykola Khvylovy (1893-1933), who literally gave his life for it. The scientific problem is to identify the aesthetic modernist dominants of Mykola Khvylovy's work. In addition to European principles, the formation of Ukrainian national identity at the language level traces in poetic works of art. The purpose is to study women's artistic images, consciousness and character of the heroine, conflicts between men and women, their attitude to family and child on the level of modernist principles in Mykola Khvylov's poetry \"Tram Letter\" in terms of poetic analysis. This reveals the ideas: the doom of person in the bloodshed and death of wars and revolutions; denial of humanity, love itself; Ukrainian national idea.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128709528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the activities of the Tush wing of the anti-Soviet organization ‘Samani’ (Young Fighters for the Prosperity of Georgia") created during the Second World War. Several illegal organizations led by Levan Gotua, Adam Bobghiashvili, Kote Khimshiashvili and others were established in Georgia during World War II, but Soviet Special Forces destroyed all of them. Over the course of the Second World War the Tush people, motivated by the desire of Georgia's independence, fantasied in the illusions, dared and from the high mountains of Tusheti confronted with the Soviet totalitarian state. Provided the Russian-Bolshevik regime, based on the studying the numerous archival material, we consider the twinkle of the idea of such a national movement like "Samani" as a special case study, and think that the work fulfilled by the Tush Samanels is more than a dream: in the shortest possible time and under the greatest political pressure, this movement carried out a complete paralysis of Soviet rule in the mountainous Tusheti. In the 1940s, the national liberation movement in Georgia took place in difficult historical conditions. The Tusheti community unfamiliar with the essence of the ideology of Nazism and Fascism, and convinced in the victory of Germany which was already approached the Caucasus Mountains, linked their dreams to the victory of Germany in the WWII. They considered the defeat of the Soviet Union by Germany as a favorable guarantee of Georgia's independence. The aim of the organization was to overthrow the Soviet Union, liberate Georgia from Russian influence, and bring the country out of the Soviet Union-German war unharmed. Shedding light on the ‘Saman’ movement is of great importance not only for clarifying the issue of the national liberation movement in Georgia, but also in the Caucasus.
{"title":"Anti-Soviet Movement in Tusheti (Georgia) During World War II","authors":"Tamar Lekaidze, Arsen Bertlani","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the activities of the Tush wing of the anti-Soviet organization ‘Samani’ (Young Fighters for the Prosperity of Georgia\") created during the Second World War. Several illegal organizations led by Levan Gotua, Adam Bobghiashvili, Kote Khimshiashvili and others were established in Georgia during World War II, but Soviet Special Forces destroyed all of them. Over the course of the Second World War the Tush people, motivated by the desire of Georgia's independence, fantasied in the illusions, dared and from the high mountains of Tusheti confronted with the Soviet totalitarian state. Provided the Russian-Bolshevik regime, based on the studying the numerous archival material, we consider the twinkle of the idea of such a national movement like \"Samani\" as a special case study, and think that the work fulfilled by the Tush Samanels is more than a dream: in the shortest possible time and under the greatest political pressure, this movement carried out a complete paralysis of Soviet rule in the mountainous Tusheti. In the 1940s, the national liberation movement in Georgia took place in difficult historical conditions. The Tusheti community unfamiliar with the essence of the ideology of Nazism and Fascism, and convinced in the victory of Germany which was already approached the Caucasus Mountains, linked their dreams to the victory of Germany in the WWII. They considered the defeat of the Soviet Union by Germany as a favorable guarantee of Georgia's independence. The aim of the organization was to overthrow the Soviet Union, liberate Georgia from Russian influence, and bring the country out of the Soviet Union-German war unharmed. Shedding light on the ‘Saman’ movement is of great importance not only for clarifying the issue of the national liberation movement in Georgia, but also in the Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129295918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.14
K. Aleksova, R. Stancheva
language attitudes; literary competence; linguistic behaviour; Bulgarian language, social exclusion; risk of povertyThe article defends the thesis that insufficient knowledge of standard language is a high risk factor for social exclusion. The work focuses on one aspect of social exclusion – the inability to form skills. The lack of basic competences, such as literary competence, is seen as a prerequisite for poverty. Based on a rich empirical material from a nationally representative survey of language attitudes, a high degree of lack of attitude awareness of the norm was found among two groups of respondents (living in misery and with an education lower than basic). Observations on the overall results of language test examining respondents' language behaviour, as well as observations on the linguistic behaviour of these two groups of respondents in relation to the application of each of seven written norms, show that language behaviour is twice as often deterministic by material than educational status. This proves that a lack of specific language skills increases the risk of poverty and is thus a high risk factor for social exclusion.
{"title":"Knowledge of Written Literary Norms of Bulgarian Language and Social Exclusion","authors":"K. Aleksova, R. Stancheva","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.14","url":null,"abstract":"language attitudes; literary competence; linguistic behaviour; Bulgarian language, social exclusion; risk of povertyThe article defends the thesis that insufficient knowledge of standard language is a high risk factor for social exclusion. The work focuses on one aspect of social exclusion – the inability to form skills. The lack of basic competences, such as literary competence, is seen as a prerequisite for poverty. Based on a rich empirical material from a nationally representative survey of language attitudes, a high degree of lack of attitude awareness of the norm was found among two groups of respondents (living in misery and with an education lower than basic). Observations on the overall results of language test examining respondents' language behaviour, as well as observations on the linguistic behaviour of these two groups of respondents in relation to the application of each of seven written norms, show that language behaviour is twice as often deterministic by material than educational status. This proves that a lack of specific language skills increases the risk of poverty and is thus a high risk factor for social exclusion.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116308534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper explores the ideological background and political goals of the Revolutionary Movement for the Unification of Albanians, and their role in the 1968 demonstration that took place in Kosova. The paper contextualizes and historicizes the event by placing it within a spatial and chronological timeframe. By drawing from a historical narrative that describes the position of Albanians within socialist Yugoslavia, the paper traces the formation of the Revolutionary Movement for the Unification of Albanians and their ideological tenets, and posits them within a global historical Zeitgeist of the 1968 worldwide demonstrations. The paper also trails how the events of 1968 in Kosova fueled the radicalization of dissident and anti-systemic movements in Kosova that would take a central role in the historical developments of the 1970s and 1980s.
{"title":"Contextualizing and historicizing the 1968 demonstrations in Kosova","authors":"Bujar Dugolli, Mrika Limani-Myrtaj","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the ideological background and political goals of the Revolutionary Movement for the Unification of Albanians, and their role in the 1968 demonstration that took place in Kosova. The paper contextualizes and historicizes the event by placing it within a spatial and chronological timeframe. By drawing from a historical narrative that describes the position of Albanians within socialist Yugoslavia, the paper traces the formation of the Revolutionary Movement for the Unification of Albanians and their ideological tenets, and posits them within a global historical Zeitgeist of the 1968 worldwide demonstrations. The paper also trails how the events of 1968 in Kosova fueled the radicalization of dissident and anti-systemic movements in Kosova that would take a central role in the historical developments of the 1970s and 1980s.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130857539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The text, which is an excerpt from a book about the city of Amalfi in the Middle Ages, examines the spread of the cultural practice of giving the name of the Mother of God in the Middle Ages from Byzantium to Europe and the development of the socalled " Marian group" of names around the names Mary (Maria) and Anna. The naming after the name of John the Baptist, which became the most popular male name was also related to the Mother of God and had its origins in Byzantium. The spread of Saints’ names was connected also with the cultural processes following icon veneration over iconoclasm in the middle of the 9th century. An important role in this spread during the Middle Ages was played by the Italian towns in Campania region, and especially Amalfi and Naples and their communications with Byzantium.
{"title":"Name of Saints Between Byzantium and Europe","authors":"M. Mitterauer","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The text, which is an excerpt from a book about the city of Amalfi in the Middle Ages, examines the spread of the cultural practice of giving the name of the Mother of God in the Middle Ages from Byzantium to Europe and the development of the socalled \" Marian group\" of names around the names Mary (Maria) and Anna. The naming after the name of John the Baptist, which became the most popular male name was also related to the Mother of God and had its origins in Byzantium. The spread of Saints’ names was connected also with the cultural processes following icon veneration over iconoclasm in the middle of the 9th century. An important role in this spread during the Middle Ages was played by the Italian towns in Campania region, and especially Amalfi and Naples and their communications with Byzantium.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114801401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.10
Georgeta Nazarska
The article discusses the feminist mobilization in the first half of the 20th centuryby example of the Bulgarian branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1918–1952). On the basis of archival documentation and data from the periodicals, the ideology, social foundations and activities of society are reconstructed. The study analyzes the profile of this formation, situated between transnational, social and maternal feminism, pacifism and nationalism.
{"title":"Feminist Mobilizations for Peace: The Bulgarian Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1918–1952)","authors":"Georgeta Nazarska","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the feminist mobilization in the first half of the 20th centuryby example of the Bulgarian branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1918–1952). On the basis of archival documentation and data from the periodicals, the ideology, social foundations and activities of society are reconstructed. The study analyzes the profile of this formation, situated between transnational, social and maternal feminism, pacifism and nationalism.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116074381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.22
K. Popova
{"title":"IN MEMORIAM. Prof. Michael Mitterauer (1937 – 2022)","authors":"K. Popova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"R-34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126541985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.11
K. Popova
The article examines the activities of two closed institutions for children with disabilities in Southwestern Bulgaria in the 1960s, located in former border zones in the difficult-to-access mountain area. The living conditions, the qualifications of the staff, the work of adolescents in agriculture and the production of drawing pins, the communication barriers with parents and the outside world are presented. The documents of the two insitutions show that there were significant differences in the care of children between the single social homes for children with disabilities in Bulgaria. Located in the close conditions of spatial remoteness and the border zone, in unsuitable buildings of former border posts, the differences in the care of children in the two institutions are due to a very large extent to the different attitudes of staff and management towards children and work. But even in the best case, as it is in the home for children with severe disabilities from 3 to 10 years of age in the village of Debochitsa, the achievements of the staff were primarily reduced to improvements in the environment, care for hygiene and nutrition and educational activities with the most ‘promising’ children. In the preserved sources, children and adolescents had no names, no biographies, no faces (no photographs left), no voice. They were seen above all as bodies with physical needs, and grown adolescents as labor force. Scientific discourse in the 1950s and 1960s stressed the developmental deficits of these children and emphasized their difference' and not their abilities. This contributed to their spatial separation and isolation from other children and from the social life.
{"title":"The Secret Children of the Border Area. Closed Institutions for Children with Disabilities in Blagoevgrad Region in the 1960-es","authors":"K. Popova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the activities of two closed institutions for children with disabilities in Southwestern Bulgaria in the 1960s, located in former border zones in the difficult-to-access mountain area. The living conditions, the qualifications of the staff, the work of adolescents in agriculture and the production of drawing pins, the communication barriers with parents and the outside world are presented. The documents of the two insitutions show that there were significant differences in the care of children between the single social homes for children with disabilities in Bulgaria. Located in the close conditions of spatial remoteness and the border zone, in unsuitable buildings of former border posts, the differences in the care of children in the two institutions are due to a very large extent to the different attitudes of staff and management towards children and work. But even in the best case, as it is in the home for children with severe disabilities from 3 to 10 years of age in the village of Debochitsa, the achievements of the staff were primarily reduced to improvements in the environment, care for hygiene and nutrition and educational activities with the most ‘promising’ children. In the preserved sources, children and adolescents had no names, no biographies, no faces (no photographs left), no voice. They were seen above all as bodies with physical needs, and grown adolescents as labor force. Scientific discourse in the 1950s and 1960s stressed the developmental deficits of these children and emphasized their difference' and not their abilities. This contributed to their spatial separation and isolation from other children and from the social life.","PeriodicalId":345221,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125413922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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