Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.09
T. D. Sokolova, A. M. Alekseeva
The relevance of examining localization and standardization strategies in international marketing becomes evident due to the growing presence of Russian and international brands in the Uzbek market. Consequently, there is a necessity to formulate a proficient marketing strategy aimed at enhancing financial outcomes, specifically in terms of profitability and sales growth. This study examined the country’s communication environment, and also identified the localization features of the communication strategy of Russian and international brands. The study of extensive literature made it possible to identify the positive and negative consequences of localization and determine an effective model for building a communication strategy. As part of the desk research, the market of Uzbekistan was studied in detail, including the analysis of existing cases of localization of the Sosa Cola, Pepsi and Fanta brands. Thanks to expert interviews with top representatives of the industry, drivers and barriers to the localization of the communication strategy were identified, and practical recommendations were offered for bringing Russian and international brands to the market. The result of the study is a unique model for localizing a communication strategy, relevant for the Uzbekistan market. The results provide direction for brands planning to enter the market and can form the basis for building an effective communications strategy. The work continues the debate on localization and contributes to the communication aspect, which has previously been poorly studied. Key words: localization, standardization, communication strategy, international marketing, Central Asia.
{"title":"Russian and Global Brands Marketing Strategies in Uzbekistan: Features, Drivers and Barriers","authors":"T. D. Sokolova, A. M. Alekseeva","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.09","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of examining localization and standardization strategies in international marketing becomes evident due to the growing presence of Russian and international brands in the Uzbek market. Consequently, there is a necessity to formulate a proficient marketing strategy aimed at enhancing financial outcomes, specifically in terms of profitability and sales growth. This study examined the country’s communication environment, and also identified the localization features of the communication strategy of Russian and international brands. The study of extensive literature made it possible to identify the positive and negative consequences of localization and determine an effective model for building a communication strategy. As part of the desk research, the market of Uzbekistan was studied in detail, including the analysis of existing cases of localization of the Sosa Cola, Pepsi and Fanta brands. Thanks to expert interviews with top representatives of the industry, drivers and barriers to the localization of the communication strategy were identified, and practical recommendations were offered for bringing Russian and international brands to the market. The result of the study is a unique model for localizing a communication strategy, relevant for the Uzbekistan market. The results provide direction for brands planning to enter the market and can form the basis for building an effective communications strategy. The work continues the debate on localization and contributes to the communication aspect, which has previously been poorly studied. Key words: localization, standardization, communication strategy, international marketing, Central Asia.","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.05
M. Gubaidullina
The article examines the changes taking place in the ethno-demographic sphere of the countries of Central Asia. They influence the previously traditional state of “ethnic diversity”, where, along with indigenous peoples, representatives of more than a hundred different peoples and ethnic groups live, a unique multi-ethnic community has historically developed. Along with the trend of growth in the total population in the countries of Central Asia, the "ethnic exodus" from the region continues. The external migration flow is directed primarily to highly developed countries that provide financial and / or program support to compatriots by origin (Russia, Germany, Poland, Turkey, Israel, Korea, etc.). The activation of intra-regional migration is associated with a complex of reasons and migration motives, and Kazakhstan has established itself as a recipient country in Central Asia. The consequence of ethnic migration is the changing ethno-demographic picture of the region, quantitative and qualitative changes in the population affect politics, indicating problems in the countries of Central Asia. The article analyzes the dynamics of the ethno-demographic and migration process, which takes place in the complex interdependence of various factors in Central Asia, and raises the question of the possible prospects for such a phenomenon as the ethnic diversity of this region. Key words: Central Asia, ethnic groups, ethnic migration, migration flow, inter-ethnic unity/tension, ANC, OSCE international norms.
{"title":"Dynamics of Ethno-Demographic and Migration Processes in the Countries of Central Asia","authors":"M. Gubaidullina","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the changes taking place in the ethno-demographic sphere of the countries of Central Asia. They influence the previously traditional state of “ethnic diversity”, where, along with indigenous peoples, representatives of more than a hundred different peoples and ethnic groups live, a unique multi-ethnic community has historically developed. Along with the trend of growth in the total population in the countries of Central Asia, the \"ethnic exodus\" from the region continues. The external migration flow is directed primarily to highly developed countries that provide financial and / or program support to compatriots by origin (Russia, Germany, Poland, Turkey, Israel, Korea, etc.). The activation of intra-regional migration is associated with a complex of reasons and migration motives, and Kazakhstan has established itself as a recipient country in Central Asia. The consequence of ethnic migration is the changing ethno-demographic picture of the region, quantitative and qualitative changes in the population affect politics, indicating problems in the countries of Central Asia. The article analyzes the dynamics of the ethno-demographic and migration process, which takes place in the complex interdependence of various factors in Central Asia, and raises the question of the possible prospects for such a phenomenon as the ethnic diversity of this region. Key words: Central Asia, ethnic groups, ethnic migration, migration flow, inter-ethnic unity/tension, ANC, OSCE international norms.","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.03
M. Augan, A. Alipbayev
Numerous Central Asian transport projects supported by global powers like the USA, EU, and China aim to establish alternative routes bypassing Russia. These corridors include North-South, trans-Iranian, and proposed routes connecting various regions. Kazakhstan should view these developments as opportunities and focus on providing reliable, cost-effective logistics solutions. Kazakhstan faces competition from Russian and Belarusian road transport services and sea transport options. The Europe-Kazakhstan-China railway offers economic advantages due to shorter distances and higher speed. This study examines the logistical and geopolitical aspects of international transport corridors in Kazakhstan, emphasizing modern challenges and Kazakhstan's competitiveness. It explores how Kazakhstan leverages its strategic location amid global efforts to create overland transport corridors. As China seeks alternative sea routes via the Suez Canal, Kazakhstan can serve as a crucial trade bridge between East and West. The research adopts a geopolitical perspective, recognizing the influence of transport and logistics on modern political dynamics. It aims to comprehensively analyze elements shaping Kazakhstan's transport policy and its role in the global transport network. Keywords: Kazakhstan, Transport, Transit, Logistics, Road, Central Asia.
{"title":"Issues of Competitiveness of the Transport and Logistics System of Kazakhstan","authors":"M. Augan, A. Alipbayev","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous Central Asian transport projects supported by global powers like the USA, EU, and China aim to establish alternative routes bypassing Russia. These corridors include North-South, trans-Iranian, and proposed routes connecting various regions. Kazakhstan should view these developments as opportunities and focus on providing reliable, cost-effective logistics solutions. Kazakhstan faces competition from Russian and Belarusian road transport services and sea transport options. The Europe-Kazakhstan-China railway offers economic advantages due to shorter distances and higher speed. This study examines the logistical and geopolitical aspects of international transport corridors in Kazakhstan, emphasizing modern challenges and Kazakhstan's competitiveness. It explores how Kazakhstan leverages its strategic location amid global efforts to create overland transport corridors. As China seeks alternative sea routes via the Suez Canal, Kazakhstan can serve as a crucial trade bridge between East and West. The research adopts a geopolitical perspective, recognizing the influence of transport and logistics on modern political dynamics. It aims to comprehensively analyze elements shaping Kazakhstan's transport policy and its role in the global transport network. Keywords: Kazakhstan, Transport, Transit, Logistics, Road, Central Asia.","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.04
A. Beimisheva
Gender inequality in education has changed significantly over the past decades. After all, education is the most important tool for human resource development and a universal human right, as well as an important component of women's empowerment. This study attempts to answer the question: what changes have occurred in the field of gender inequality in the international educational environment through the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on this topic. The article deals with empirical research and theoretical views on gender inequality in the education system. It explores how education reform during the last decade affected on gender equality. An analysis of the trend of gender inequality in the world was also carried out. It explains the reasons of man and woman inequality in education and analyzes how it affects the economy, demography, social sphere, and so on. Thus, gender inequality in education has a direct impact on economic growth by reducing the average quality of human capital. It impedes progress in reducing fertility and infant mortality, thereby jeopardizing progress in welfare in developing countries. While this disparity is undesirable from a social equity perspective, it can also be argued that better use of women's potential in the marketplace can lead to greater efficiency. Education reproduces rather than challenges social inequalities. In addition, in some areas of relationships related to employment, education is important. This suggests that different interests can shape effect of schooling on men's attitudes towards women, and that education can offer women resources that encourage some change in their interpretation of status. Key words: inequality, education, gender, human resource, analysis.
{"title":"Gender Inequality in the Educational Environment: International Experience and the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Beimisheva","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Gender inequality in education has changed significantly over the past decades. After all, education is the most important tool for human resource development and a universal human right, as well as an important component of women's empowerment. This study attempts to answer the question: what changes have occurred in the field of gender inequality in the international educational environment through the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on this topic. The article deals with empirical research and theoretical views on gender inequality in the education system. It explores how education reform during the last decade affected on gender equality. An analysis of the trend of gender inequality in the world was also carried out. It explains the reasons of man and woman inequality in education and analyzes how it affects the economy, demography, social sphere, and so on. Thus, gender inequality in education has a direct impact on economic growth by reducing the average quality of human capital. It impedes progress in reducing fertility and infant mortality, thereby jeopardizing progress in welfare in developing countries. While this disparity is undesirable from a social equity perspective, it can also be argued that better use of women's potential in the marketplace can lead to greater efficiency. Education reproduces rather than challenges social inequalities. In addition, in some areas of relationships related to employment, education is important. This suggests that different interests can shape effect of schooling on men's attitudes towards women, and that education can offer women resources that encourage some change in their interpretation of status. Key words: inequality, education, gender, human resource, analysis.","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.07
Raj Kumar Sharma
This article examines role of Taliban in India’s relationship with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) in three phases – from early 1990s to 2001, from 2001 to 2021 and from 2021 onwards. In the first phase in 1990s, both India and the CARs faced serious security threats from advent of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Their perception of Taliban being a ‘mutual threat’ was one of the reasons why India and some Central Asian countries like Tajikistan and Uzbekistan supported Northern Alliance in late 1990s against the Taliban in Afghanistan. The US-NATO presence in Afghanistan since 2001 led to changes in India and CARs response to Afghanistan. Both sides cooperated with the US for the improving the security situation in Afghanistan. In the post-American Afghanistan since 2021, India and the CARs have deepened their security and intelligence cooperation and both sides are maintaining regular political and security consultations. The India-CARs cooperation over Afghanistan has the potential to be a template that other countries could also follow in their ties with the Taliban. Sufism has a special role and potential in shaping India-CARs response to the Taliban and terrorism in the contemporary context. Key words: India, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Taliban
{"title":"«Taliban Factor» in India-Central Asia Relations","authors":"Raj Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.07","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines role of Taliban in India’s relationship with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) in three phases – from early 1990s to 2001, from 2001 to 2021 and from 2021 onwards. In the first phase in 1990s, both India and the CARs faced serious security threats from advent of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Their perception of Taliban being a ‘mutual threat’ was one of the reasons why India and some Central Asian countries like Tajikistan and Uzbekistan supported Northern Alliance in late 1990s against the Taliban in Afghanistan. The US-NATO presence in Afghanistan since 2001 led to changes in India and CARs response to Afghanistan. Both sides cooperated with the US for the improving the security situation in Afghanistan. In the post-American Afghanistan since 2021, India and the CARs have deepened their security and intelligence cooperation and both sides are maintaining regular political and security consultations. The India-CARs cooperation over Afghanistan has the potential to be a template that other countries could also follow in their ties with the Taliban. Sufism has a special role and potential in shaping India-CARs response to the Taliban and terrorism in the contemporary context. Key words: India, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Taliban","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.06
S. Beimenbetov
This article examines, updates and maps the use of the internet and social media in three Central Asian countries, using Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan as case studies. The aim is to generate systematic insights into the differences and similarities between the countries in the region in terms of the use and penetration of these media. The article highlights the uneven development of both media in the three countries and argues that the differences are related to the different socio-economic development and legal constraints in each country, with Kazakhstan leading the region in terms of internet and social media penetration and use, thus reversing the trend of the past when Kyrgyzstan was considered the most developed. The article concludes by stating that the internet and social media will continue to be important tools for communication and civic activism in the region, despite access and censorship problems, which, unlike in the past, have taken similar negative developments in the three countries in recent years. The study is based on secondary research. Key words: Internet, social media, mapping, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
{"title":"Mapping Internet and Social Media Use in Central Asia","authors":"S. Beimenbetov","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines, updates and maps the use of the internet and social media in three Central Asian countries, using Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan as case studies. The aim is to generate systematic insights into the differences and similarities between the countries in the region in terms of the use and penetration of these media. The article highlights the uneven development of both media in the three countries and argues that the differences are related to the different socio-economic development and legal constraints in each country, with Kazakhstan leading the region in terms of internet and social media penetration and use, thus reversing the trend of the past when Kyrgyzstan was considered the most developed. The article concludes by stating that the internet and social media will continue to be important tools for communication and civic activism in the region, despite access and censorship problems, which, unlike in the past, have taken similar negative developments in the three countries in recent years. The study is based on secondary research. Key words: Internet, social media, mapping, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.08
Fan Wenjin
In recent years, the soft power contest between the United States and Russia has intensified. Russia is actively developing the news media. During events such as the Syrian war and the U.S. election, Russia has gradually broken the monopoly of the United States and Western countries through mass media and other communication tools. The United States continues to have an advantage in global discursive power, exerting significant influence on world public opinion. The Western countries use modern technologies in the dissemination of information in order to achieve information hegemony. On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a special military operation, which led to a sharp escalation of the situation in Ukraine, and continues to influence the international community. This special operation was the first important military conflict in the era of the mobile Internet that has realized the "integration of time and space". The United States and other Western countries are taking part in the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict, with the exception of direct military action. America and other Western countries are third parties in the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict, but they do not directly participate in hostilities. Currently there is a tough information war with Russia. Since there were initially structural contradictions between Russia and America, and the military factor strengthened them, this conflict is called a new “world war” in the information field. Research on the motivation and characteristics of Russia-America information warfare in this conflict is conducive to a deep understanding of the nature of Russia-Ukraine conflict, the fundamentals of Russia-America game, as well as the direction of Russia-America relationship. Keywords: superpower game, geopolitics, Russia-America relationship, information warfare
{"title":"Research on Russia-America Game: Taking Information Warfare as an Example","authors":"Fan Wenjin","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.08","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the soft power contest between the United States and Russia has intensified. Russia is actively developing the news media. During events such as the Syrian war and the U.S. election, Russia has gradually broken the monopoly of the United States and Western countries through mass media and other communication tools. The United States continues to have an advantage in global discursive power, exerting significant influence on world public opinion. The Western countries use modern technologies in the dissemination of information in order to achieve information hegemony. On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a special military operation, which led to a sharp escalation of the situation in Ukraine, and continues to influence the international community. This special operation was the first important military conflict in the era of the mobile Internet that has realized the \"integration of time and space\". The United States and other Western countries are taking part in the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict, with the exception of direct military action. America and other Western countries are third parties in the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict, but they do not directly participate in hostilities. Currently there is a tough information war with Russia. Since there were initially structural contradictions between Russia and America, and the military factor strengthened them, this conflict is called a new “world war” in the information field. Research on the motivation and characteristics of Russia-America information warfare in this conflict is conducive to a deep understanding of the nature of Russia-Ukraine conflict, the fundamentals of Russia-America game, as well as the direction of Russia-America relationship. Keywords: superpower game, geopolitics, Russia-America relationship, information warfare","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.01
M. Egamberdiyev
Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan are located in the region of Central Asia and the Caucasus, which gives them significant strategic importance. Given changes in the global political environment, such as energy security, regional stability and integration initiatives, the relationship between the two states takes on a new dynamic. Both states are producers and exporters of energy resources, including oil and gas, which creates opportunities for cooperation in this field. One important aspect of interaction between the two states is the development of the Central Corridor, which is a transport route connecting Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan across the Caspian Sea. However, today, despite the fact that Kazakhstan is one of the largest producers and exporters of energy resources such as oil and gas, it still maintains a certain dependence on Russia in the energy sphere. Kazakhstan seeks to diversify its energy resources and export routes in order to reduce its dependence on Russia. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the relationship between Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan in the new geopolitical environment, and to consider the challenges associated with the development of the Central Corridor. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives are set: to analyze diplomatic relations, economic cooperation and common interests, goals and priorities in the context of the new geopolitical environment; to examine changes in the global political environment, such as energy security, regional stability and integration initiatives; and to explore measures and initiatives taken by Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan to develop a mutually beneficial partnership in the new geopolitical environment and develop the Central Corridor. Key words: Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Central Corridor, geopolitics, oil and gas products.
{"title":"Relations between Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan in the Current Geopolitical Environment: Analysis and Perspectives for Development","authors":"M. Egamberdiyev","doi":"10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan are located in the region of Central Asia and the Caucasus, which gives them significant strategic importance. Given changes in the global political environment, such as energy security, regional stability and integration initiatives, the relationship between the two states takes on a new dynamic. Both states are producers and exporters of energy resources, including oil and gas, which creates opportunities for cooperation in this field. One important aspect of interaction between the two states is the development of the Central Corridor, which is a transport route connecting Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan across the Caspian Sea. However, today, despite the fact that Kazakhstan is one of the largest producers and exporters of energy resources such as oil and gas, it still maintains a certain dependence on Russia in the energy sphere. Kazakhstan seeks to diversify its energy resources and export routes in order to reduce its dependence on Russia. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the relationship between Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan in the new geopolitical environment, and to consider the challenges associated with the development of the Central Corridor. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives are set: to analyze diplomatic relations, economic cooperation and common interests, goals and priorities in the context of the new geopolitical environment; to examine changes in the global political environment, such as energy security, regional stability and integration initiatives; and to explore measures and initiatives taken by Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan to develop a mutually beneficial partnership in the new geopolitical environment and develop the Central Corridor. Key words: Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Central Corridor, geopolitics, oil and gas products.","PeriodicalId":34621,"journal":{"name":"Halykaralyk katynastar zane halykaralyk kukyk seriasi","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.26577/irilj.2023.v103.i3.02
Y. Turalin
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of trade and economic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey, with an emphasis on identifying the prospects and challenges that accompany this strategic partnership. In recent decades, the two countries have strengthened their diplomatic ties, which has made economic cooperation even more meaningful. The article begins with an overview of the history of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Turkey, identifying the key stages and factors that contributed to the development of relations. Particular attention is paid to the economic reforms carried out in both countries and their impact on the structure and nature of interaction. The study analyzes the main areas of cooperation, including trade, investment and joint projects. The role of the energy sector in this partnership is considered, especially in the context of the supply of Kazakh oil and gas to Turkey. Progress in the field of transport infrastructure is also highlighted, especially within the framework of transit corridors linking the countries of Europe and Asia. However, the article also raises the complexities and challenges facing the two countries. In particular, the issues of diversification of economic relations are considered in order to avoid one-sided dependence on individual sectors. Geopolitical factors also play an important role in the development of a partnership, and the article analyzes how changes in world politics can affect cooperation between the two countries. Particular attention is paid to the efforts of both countries to improve the investment climate and reduce trade barriers. Free trade agreements and measures aimed at simplifying the visa regime are being considered in order to promote more active interaction between entrepreneurs and investors. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that trade and economic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey have significant potential for mutual benefit. However, to fully realize this potential, the challenges posed by this partnership and active cooperation on the global stage will need to be effectively managed. The obtained results of the analysis can serve as a basis for the formation of strategic recommendations for deepening cooperation and overcoming potential limitations. Key words: trade and economic relations, Kazakhstan, Turkey, prospects, challenges, strategic partnership, diplomatic relations, cooperation, trade, investments, energy sector, transport infrastructure, diversification.
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