Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-6-17
V.A. Vojtov, A.V. Voitov
The paper presents the results of studies on the justification of a rational program for running-in of tribosystems. It is shown that the first component of the program is the fulfillment of the condition on the verge of loss of stability due to the appearance of accelerated wear, with the maximum load on the tribosystem and the minimum sliding speed. This mode performs the function of "training" the surface layers for future operating conditions due to deformation processes and changes in the roughness of the friction surfaces. The mode is characterized by minimum wear rate values and maximum friction coefficient values.
The second component of the running-in program is the fulfillment of the condition on the verge of loss of stability due to the appearance of burrs on the friction surfaces, with minimal load on the tribosystem and maximum sliding speed. This mode performs the function of "adaptation" of the surface layers to the future operating conditions by increasing the rate of deformation of the materials of the surface layers on the spots of actual contact. The mode is characterized by maximum wear rate values and minimum friction coefficient values.
The third mode of the program aims to form surface structures and roughness on the friction surfaces of tribosystems that correspond to operational modes. This mode performs the function of "sufficient adaptation" of the surface layers to the future operating conditions, and corresponds to the condition with the maximum value of the stability margin. The final result of the running-in process is the transition of the tribosystem from an unbalanced, thermodynamically unstable state to a stationary, equilibrium state, as a result of which such parameters as wear rate, friction coefficient, temperature and roughness of the friction surfaces are stabilized. Such a step-by-step transition is associated with the formation of a special, dissipative structure of the surface layers of triboelements as a result of self-organization.
The use of the three-mode program will reduce the time for tribosystems to run in by 23.0 - 38.4% compared to other programs. The effectiveness of the developed three-mode program is proven by experimental studies with the calculation of the modeling error.
{"title":"Substantiation of a rational program for the running-in of tribosystems","authors":"V.A. Vojtov, A.V. Voitov","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-6-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-6-17","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studies on the justification of a rational program for running-in of tribosystems. It is shown that the first component of the program is the fulfillment of the condition on the verge of loss of stability due to the appearance of accelerated wear, with the maximum load on the tribosystem and the minimum sliding speed. This mode performs the function of \"training\" the surface layers for future operating conditions due to deformation processes and changes in the roughness of the friction surfaces. The mode is characterized by minimum wear rate values and maximum friction coefficient values.
 The second component of the running-in program is the fulfillment of the condition on the verge of loss of stability due to the appearance of burrs on the friction surfaces, with minimal load on the tribosystem and maximum sliding speed. This mode performs the function of \"adaptation\" of the surface layers to the future operating conditions by increasing the rate of deformation of the materials of the surface layers on the spots of actual contact. The mode is characterized by maximum wear rate values and minimum friction coefficient values.
 The third mode of the program aims to form surface structures and roughness on the friction surfaces of tribosystems that correspond to operational modes. This mode performs the function of \"sufficient adaptation\" of the surface layers to the future operating conditions, and corresponds to the condition with the maximum value of the stability margin. The final result of the running-in process is the transition of the tribosystem from an unbalanced, thermodynamically unstable state to a stationary, equilibrium state, as a result of which such parameters as wear rate, friction coefficient, temperature and roughness of the friction surfaces are stabilized. Such a step-by-step transition is associated with the formation of a special, dissipative structure of the surface layers of triboelements as a result of self-organization.
 The use of the three-mode program will reduce the time for tribosystems to run in by 23.0 - 38.4% compared to other programs. The effectiveness of the developed three-mode program is proven by experimental studies with the calculation of the modeling error.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of entropy in the processes of friction and wear of tribocoupling materials of moving parts is clarified. The implementation of the effect of self-organization of materials depending on the production of entropy is theoretically substantiated. The conditions of self-organization with negative entropy production were obtained. The relationship between the rate of volumetric wear of tribocoupled parts and the production of excess entropy and its flow is determined. Expressions for the intensity of wear of tribocoupling parts were obtained, taking into account thermal processes in the friction zone. The trends of changes in the characteristics and properties of tribocouplers of components, systems and machine aggregates with a change in entropy have been clarified.
{"title":"Detection of changes in the characteristics and properties of friction zones of parts of tribocoupling systems and machine assemblies based on the entropy approach","authors":"V.V. Aulin, A.A. Tykhyi, O.V. Kuzyk, S.V. Lysenko, A.V. Hrynkiv, I.V. Zhylova","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-58-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-58-63","url":null,"abstract":"The role of entropy in the processes of friction and wear of tribocoupling materials of moving parts is clarified. The implementation of the effect of self-organization of materials depending on the production of entropy is theoretically substantiated. The conditions of self-organization with negative entropy production were obtained. The relationship between the rate of volumetric wear of tribocoupled parts and the production of excess entropy and its flow is determined. Expressions for the intensity of wear of tribocoupling parts were obtained, taking into account thermal processes in the friction zone. The trends of changes in the characteristics and properties of tribocouplers of components, systems and machine aggregates with a change in entropy have been clarified.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-25-31
O.V. Shchukin, A.O. Prudnikova
Our mathematical model describes the regularities of blade wear and takes into account the influence of different operating modes of a bulldozer when dealing with diverse soils that have different degrees of abrasiveness. When calculating the probability of failure-free operation of the bulldozer cutting elements (blades), which depends on the maximum load, it was found that the probability of failure-free operation at an operating time of 600 machine-hours is 0.7...0.75 – for soil category I; 0.5...0.55 – for soil category II; 0.3...0.35 – for soil category III. Comparison of failure-free operation probabilities has made it possible to establish that with an increase in soil density, failure-free operation probability drops by 30-40%, which suggests a significant impact of soil density on reliability of the bulldozer working equipment. In addition, this mathematical model of the total probability allows us to obtain a theoretical description of changes in failure-free operation probability of the bulldozer equipment during working processes, changes in the service life of a bulldozer blade, and taking into account the properties of the blade material. The service life of a bulldozer cutting element can be estimated by its wear, structural features of the material, geometric parameters (thickness in particular), and machine operating modes. It has been established that the regularity of changes in the service life, due to bulldozer blade wear, is exponential. The higher the soil category is, the lower the wear is, and hence the service life of a bulldozer working body. The dependence of the change in the blade service life on the time of its contact with soils of three categories was obtained as well. Thus, the maximum value of a blade service life at the beginning of operation on different soil categories was determined: 450 machine-hours – on soil category I; 350 machine-hours – on soil category II; 280 machine-hours – on soil category III.
{"title":"Study of the regularity of wear influence on the service life of cutting elements of bulldozers’ working bodies","authors":"O.V. Shchukin, A.O. Prudnikova","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-25-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-25-31","url":null,"abstract":"Our mathematical model describes the regularities of blade wear and takes into account the influence of different operating modes of a bulldozer when dealing with diverse soils that have different degrees of abrasiveness. When calculating the probability of failure-free operation of the bulldozer cutting elements (blades), which depends on the maximum load, it was found that the probability of failure-free operation at an operating time of 600 machine-hours is 0.7...0.75 – for soil category I; 0.5...0.55 – for soil category II; 0.3...0.35 – for soil category III. Comparison of failure-free operation probabilities has made it possible to establish that with an increase in soil density, failure-free operation probability drops by 30-40%, which suggests a significant impact of soil density on reliability of the bulldozer working equipment. In addition, this mathematical model of the total probability allows us to obtain a theoretical description of changes in failure-free operation probability of the bulldozer equipment during working processes, changes in the service life of a bulldozer blade, and taking into account the properties of the blade material. The service life of a bulldozer cutting element can be estimated by its wear, structural features of the material, geometric parameters (thickness in particular), and machine operating modes. It has been established that the regularity of changes in the service life, due to bulldozer blade wear, is exponential. The higher the soil category is, the lower the wear is, and hence the service life of a bulldozer working body. The dependence of the change in the blade service life on the time of its contact with soils of three categories was obtained as well. Thus, the maximum value of a blade service life at the beginning of operation on different soil categories was determined: 450 machine-hours – on soil category I; 350 machine-hours – on soil category II; 280 machine-hours – on soil category III.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-49-55
O. A. Ilina, O. O. Mikosianchyk, R.H. Mnatsakanov, R.E. Kostyunik, O.P. Yashchuk, M.A. Shteinyk
The work aimed to determine the influence of the processes of supramolecular self-organization in the lubricating layer on the patterns of wear of friction pairs. The mechanisms of structural adaptability of tribocoupler elements were analyzed, and the regularities of the manifestation of a large-scale and energy jump, which characterizes the transition of the tribosystem to a metastable state, were determined. An evaluation of the tribotechnical characteristics of commercial transmission oils was carried out on a software-hardware complex that, using a roller analogy, simulates the operation of gears in conditions of rolling with slipping. It was established that the activation of contact surfaces in the mode of frequent starts and stops leads to active interaction of the lubricant's components and the metal's surface layers with the gradual formation of boundary adsorption layers. For transmission oil 'Bora B' T-Shyp, an increase in anti-friction properties has been established due to the effective lubricating ability of the oil when forming the hydro- and non-hydrodynamic components of the lubricating layer thickness. The effect of the chemical activity of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate antiwear additive and the hydrocarbon components of the base of transmission oils on the effectiveness of the formation of boundary films is considered. It was determined that the formation of stable boundary films of the lubricant is the leading process in manifesting their damping properties concerning the localization of elastic-plastic deformation along the depth of the metal. When boundary films are formed on 90-95% of the contact area, the change in the microstructure of the near-surface layers is fixed at a depth of up to 20 microns; when boundary films are formed on 20...50% of the surface area, the spread of elastic-plastic deformation reaches a depth of up to 50 microns. The kinetics of the formation of boundary films by the lubricant and the indicators of the specific work of friction in contact are correlated with the intensity of wear of the contact surfaces
{"title":"Mechanisms of formation of wear-resistant dissipative structures in non-stationary lubrication conditions","authors":"O. A. Ilina, O. O. Mikosianchyk, R.H. Mnatsakanov, R.E. Kostyunik, O.P. Yashchuk, M.A. Shteinyk","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-49-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-49-55","url":null,"abstract":"The work aimed to determine the influence of the processes of supramolecular self-organization in the lubricating layer on the patterns of wear of friction pairs. The mechanisms of structural adaptability of tribocoupler elements were analyzed, and the regularities of the manifestation of a large-scale and energy jump, which characterizes the transition of the tribosystem to a metastable state, were determined. An evaluation of the tribotechnical characteristics of commercial transmission oils was carried out on a software-hardware complex that, using a roller analogy, simulates the operation of gears in conditions of rolling with slipping. It was established that the activation of contact surfaces in the mode of frequent starts and stops leads to active interaction of the lubricant's components and the metal's surface layers with the gradual formation of boundary adsorption layers. For transmission oil 'Bora B' T-Shyp, an increase in anti-friction properties has been established due to the effective lubricating ability of the oil when forming the hydro- and non-hydrodynamic components of the lubricating layer thickness. The effect of the chemical activity of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate antiwear additive and the hydrocarbon components of the base of transmission oils on the effectiveness of the formation of boundary films is considered. It was determined that the formation of stable boundary films of the lubricant is the leading process in manifesting their damping properties concerning the localization of elastic-plastic deformation along the depth of the metal. When boundary films are formed on 90-95% of the contact area, the change in the microstructure of the near-surface layers is fixed at a depth of up to 20 microns; when boundary films are formed on 20...50% of the surface area, the spread of elastic-plastic deformation reaches a depth of up to 50 microns. The kinetics of the formation of boundary films by the lubricant and the indicators of the specific work of friction in contact are correlated with the intensity of wear of the contact surfaces","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-41-48
K. Holenko, V. Dytyniuk, M. Dykha
In the processes of surface strengthening of steel parts, the stress-strain state is decisive for explaining the physical processes of strengthening, forming the dimensions of the contact area. Analytical dependences of contact parameters are quite approximate. In this work, based on the Ansys software complex, a simulated model of the contact of a truncated torus with a cylinder is proposed, which demonstrates the kinetics of the process of pressing a hard alloy tool into a steel workpiece - a cylinder. The experiment was conducted for 4 seconds in order to determine the maximum level of stresses, the distribution of stresses and the amount of residual stresses after removing the load. The clamping force was applied mainly in the zone of elastic deformations. The results showed an uneven stress distribution with a maximum in the center of the contact spot of 1082 MPa. After changing the load direction, small residual deformations at the level of 0.00311 μm were observed in the center of the contact patch. This indicates a violation of the elastic region on a small contact area, which does not affect the general nature of the stress distribution and can be removed during the finishing process. The results of simulation of the stressed state are used for the correlation with the observed structural changes of the material during the action of thermal and power stresses. The stress peak was formed at a distance of 200 μm, which contributes to the formation of maximum values of microhardness at this depth.
{"title":"Simulation model of contact interaction during surface strengthening of steel parts","authors":"K. Holenko, V. Dytyniuk, M. Dykha","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-41-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-41-48","url":null,"abstract":"In the processes of surface strengthening of steel parts, the stress-strain state is decisive for explaining the physical processes of strengthening, forming the dimensions of the contact area. Analytical dependences of contact parameters are quite approximate. In this work, based on the Ansys software complex, a simulated model of the contact of a truncated torus with a cylinder is proposed, which demonstrates the kinetics of the process of pressing a hard alloy tool into a steel workpiece - a cylinder. The experiment was conducted for 4 seconds in order to determine the maximum level of stresses, the distribution of stresses and the amount of residual stresses after removing the load. The clamping force was applied mainly in the zone of elastic deformations. The results showed an uneven stress distribution with a maximum in the center of the contact spot of 1082 MPa. After changing the load direction, small residual deformations at the level of 0.00311 μm were observed in the center of the contact patch. This indicates a violation of the elastic region on a small contact area, which does not affect the general nature of the stress distribution and can be removed during the finishing process. The results of simulation of the stressed state are used for the correlation with the observed structural changes of the material during the action of thermal and power stresses. The stress peak was formed at a distance of 200 μm, which contributes to the formation of maximum values of microhardness at this depth.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is dedicated to establishing the relationship between the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the garbage truck manipulator boom and the wear of the manipulator's hinge and its load level. By utilizing a first-order experimental design with first-order interaction effects using the Box-Wilson method, an adequate dependence of maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the manipulator boom on the wear of the manipulator’s hinge and its load level was determined. It has been found that, according to the Student’s criterion, among the investigated influencing factors, hinge wear has the most significant impact on the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the manipulator boom, while its load level has the least impact. The response surface of the objective function is shown – the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the manipulator boom and their two-dimensional sections in the planes of the impact parameters, which allows to visually illustrate the specified dependence of this objective function on individual impact parameters. It was established that the wear of the hinge by 1000 μm leads to an increase in the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded cross-section of the boom of the garbage truck manipulator by 2.6...4 times, depending on the level of its load. The expediency of conducting further studies of the effect of antifriction materials on the wear of the friction pairs of the mechanism for loading municipal solid waste into the garbage truck is shown
{"title":"The influence of hinges wear on the dynamic load of the articulated boom of a garbage truck’s manipulator","authors":"O.V. Bereziuk, V.I. Savulyak, V.O. Kharzhevskyi, V.Ye. Yavorskyi","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-18-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-18-24","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to establishing the relationship between the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the garbage truck manipulator boom and the wear of the manipulator's hinge and its load level. By utilizing a first-order experimental design with first-order interaction effects using the Box-Wilson method, an adequate dependence of maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the manipulator boom on the wear of the manipulator’s hinge and its load level was determined. It has been found that, according to the Student’s criterion, among the investigated influencing factors, hinge wear has the most significant impact on the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the manipulator boom, while its load level has the least impact. The response surface of the objective function is shown – the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded section of the manipulator boom and their two-dimensional sections in the planes of the impact parameters, which allows to visually illustrate the specified dependence of this objective function on individual impact parameters. It was established that the wear of the hinge by 1000 μm leads to an increase in the maximum impact dynamic stresses in the most loaded cross-section of the boom of the garbage truck manipulator by 2.6...4 times, depending on the level of its load. The expediency of conducting further studies of the effect of antifriction materials on the wear of the friction pairs of the mechanism for loading municipal solid waste into the garbage truck is shown","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135127161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-32-40
D.D. Marchenko, K.S. Matvyeyeva
The work scientifically substantiates the application of an effective technology for increasing the wear resistance of machine parts and tools due to complex diffusion saturation of the surface layer of parts made of iron-carbon alloys in the process of casting on gasified models based on the optimization of the composition of saturating mixtures and the establishment of patterns of structure formation.
The possibility of strengthening the surface of castings from cast iron SCH20 and steels of various composition (25L, 30L, 35L, 45L, 25HL, 110H13L), obtained by methods of casting in an open mold and on gasified models, has been established. It is shown that the diffusion boride layer on 35L steel, obtained during casting, has an order of magnitude greater thickness (up to 5 mm) compared to the diffusion layers obtained by chemical-thermal treatment methods (up to 0.25 mm). Analytical dependencies have been established that connect the components of the composition of the mixture (chromium boride (CrB2), boron carbide (B4C), graphite, bentonite, sodium fluoride (NaF)), which saturates, with wear resistance and the thickness of the diffusion layer after hardening in the process of obtaining a casting by the method of casting on gasified models.
A new composition of the saturating medium has been developed for surface strengthening in the production of cast parts from gray iron, carbon and alloy steels by simultaneous saturation with boron and chromium, containing chromium boride, boron carbide, graphite, bentonite, sodium fluoride (50-60 wt. % B4C + 20-25 wt. % CrB2 + 2-3 wt. % + 5-15 wt. % finely dispersed graphite + 5-7 wt. % bentonite). The application of the developed strengthening technology allows to improve operational properties, in particular, the wear resistance of machine parts and tools up to 25 times (compared to previously used methods), as well as to reduce the labor intensity of the strengthening process by up to 3.5 times.
Tests of dies for pressing wood waste into briquettes made of 45L steel, strengthened with the help of the developed technology, showed that their stability increases more than 4.5 times compared to the previously used ones made of HVH steel strengthened by carbonitriding, and the use of the developed strengthening technology allows reduce the cost of manufacturing this part by 1.5 times.
{"title":"Research of Increase of the Wear Resistance of Machine Parts and Tools by Surface Alloying","authors":"D.D. Marchenko, K.S. Matvyeyeva","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-109-3-32-40","url":null,"abstract":"The work scientifically substantiates the application of an effective technology for increasing the wear resistance of machine parts and tools due to complex diffusion saturation of the surface layer of parts made of iron-carbon alloys in the process of casting on gasified models based on the optimization of the composition of saturating mixtures and the establishment of patterns of structure formation.
 The possibility of strengthening the surface of castings from cast iron SCH20 and steels of various composition (25L, 30L, 35L, 45L, 25HL, 110H13L), obtained by methods of casting in an open mold and on gasified models, has been established. It is shown that the diffusion boride layer on 35L steel, obtained during casting, has an order of magnitude greater thickness (up to 5 mm) compared to the diffusion layers obtained by chemical-thermal treatment methods (up to 0.25 mm). Analytical dependencies have been established that connect the components of the composition of the mixture (chromium boride (CrB2), boron carbide (B4C), graphite, bentonite, sodium fluoride (NaF)), which saturates, with wear resistance and the thickness of the diffusion layer after hardening in the process of obtaining a casting by the method of casting on gasified models.
 A new composition of the saturating medium has been developed for surface strengthening in the production of cast parts from gray iron, carbon and alloy steels by simultaneous saturation with boron and chromium, containing chromium boride, boron carbide, graphite, bentonite, sodium fluoride (50-60 wt. % B4C + 20-25 wt. % CrB2 + 2-3 wt. % + 5-15 wt. % finely dispersed graphite + 5-7 wt. % bentonite). The application of the developed strengthening technology allows to improve operational properties, in particular, the wear resistance of machine parts and tools up to 25 times (compared to previously used methods), as well as to reduce the labor intensity of the strengthening process by up to 3.5 times.
 Tests of dies for pressing wood waste into briquettes made of 45L steel, strengthened with the help of the developed technology, showed that their stability increases more than 4.5 times compared to the previously used ones made of HVH steel strengthened by carbonitriding, and the use of the developed strengthening technology allows reduce the cost of manufacturing this part by 1.5 times.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to study the possibility of using fullerene additives and their effect on the antiwear properties of aviation mineral and synthetic oils. The method of increasing the anti-wear properties of mineral MK-8p and synthetic Mobil Jet Oil 254 oil for turbojet aircraft engines by adding fullerene additive C60 is considered. It has been shown that the anti-wear properties of synthetic Mobil Jet Oil 254 oil for turbojet aircraft engines exceed MK-8p mineral oil by more than 10%. Increasing the concentration of fullerene additive in oils increases the wear resistance of conjugated surfaces. It was established that the increase in the concentration of the fullerene additive in oils shifts the critical load to higher values for both mineral and synthetic oils. The intensity of this growth is observed in mineral oil to a greater extent than in synthetic oil. The use of fullerenes as an anti-wear additive to oils for turbojet engines is proposed, which improves anti-friction properties and reduces the wear of parts of machines and mechanisms. Scientific progress is determined mainly by experimental research, the conduct of which in this direction is quite relevant.
{"title":"Resistant Properties of Lubricating Materials with Fullerene Nanoadditives","authors":"V.P. Oleksandrenko, V.V. Yefymenko, N.G. Kalmykova, O.V. Efimenko, R.V. Budiak, Yu. M. Nelyubin","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to study the possibility of using fullerene additives and their effect on the antiwear properties of aviation mineral and synthetic oils. The method of increasing the anti-wear properties of mineral MK-8p and synthetic Mobil Jet Oil 254 oil for turbojet aircraft engines by adding fullerene additive C60 is considered. It has been shown that the anti-wear properties of synthetic Mobil Jet Oil 254 oil for turbojet aircraft engines exceed MK-8p mineral oil by more than 10%. Increasing the concentration of fullerene additive in oils increases the wear resistance of conjugated surfaces. It was established that the increase in the concentration of the fullerene additive in oils shifts the critical load to higher values for both mineral and synthetic oils. The intensity of this growth is observed in mineral oil to a greater extent than in synthetic oil. The use of fullerenes as an anti-wear additive to oils for turbojet engines is proposed, which improves anti-friction properties and reduces the wear of parts of machines and mechanisms. Scientific progress is determined mainly by experimental research, the conduct of which in this direction is quite relevant.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-15-19
A. Milanenko, A. Savchuk, Y. Turytsia
Although lubrication is necessary for the satisfactory operation of rolling bearings, the effect of lubricant on the fatigue life of the bearing has not been sufficiently studied. In recent times, the theory of elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication [1] has been used to explain the different effects of lubricants. According to this theory, the thickness of the lubricating layer separating the moving elements of the bearing is determined by the viscosity-pressure dependence of the lubricant. The contact of surface micron irregularities does not occur if it is possible to maintain a sufficient thickness of the lubricating layer - in this case, the long-term durability of the bearing is ensured. If the film thickness is reduced to a level where surface irregularities are encountered, the fatigue life rapidly decreases with increasing contact frequency. In any case, a comprehensive calculation methodology is needed that would allow to take into account the influence of lubricant on the fatigue life of bearing units.
{"title":"Influence of lubricant material in the point contact zone of rolling friction on fatigue life for friction bearing units","authors":"A. Milanenko, A. Savchuk, Y. Turytsia","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-15-19","url":null,"abstract":"Although lubrication is necessary for the satisfactory operation of rolling bearings, the effect of lubricant on the fatigue life of the bearing has not been sufficiently studied. In recent times, the theory of elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication [1] has been used to explain the different effects of lubricants. According to this theory, the thickness of the lubricating layer separating the moving elements of the bearing is determined by the viscosity-pressure dependence of the lubricant. The contact of surface micron irregularities does not occur if it is possible to maintain a sufficient thickness of the lubricating layer - in this case, the long-term durability of the bearing is ensured. If the film thickness is reduced to a level where surface irregularities are encountered, the fatigue life rapidly decreases with increasing contact frequency. In any case, a comprehensive calculation methodology is needed that would allow to take into account the influence of lubricant on the fatigue life of bearing units.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46230641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-62-69
O. Dykha, M. Hetman, A. Staryi, T. Kałaczyński
In connection with environmental pollution and the depletion of oil reserves, biologically based lubricants have received great interest as a replacement for mineral oil-based lubricants. Biolubricants have a number of advantages over mineral lubricants, including high biodegradability, low toxicity, lubricating properties and minimal environmental impact. The presented review describes the main characteristics and properties of biological lubricants, various vegetable oils, which are used as raw materials for the production of biolubricant materials. The physicochemical properties of biological lubricants were analyzed from the point of view of improvement. The technological processes used for the chemical modification of vegetable oils, ensuring the lubricity and anti-wear properties of the obtained biolubricants are determined. Various additives used to improve the properties of biolubricants are also recommended. This review material will provide researchers and practitioners with additional information on the practice of using biolubricants.
{"title":"Review of aspects of processing and use of waste cooking oils as effective lubricants","authors":"O. Dykha, M. Hetman, A. Staryi, T. Kałaczyński","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-62-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-108-2-62-69","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with environmental pollution and the depletion of oil reserves, biologically based lubricants have received great interest as a replacement for mineral oil-based lubricants. Biolubricants have a number of advantages over mineral lubricants, including high biodegradability, low toxicity, lubricating properties and minimal environmental impact. The presented review describes the main characteristics and properties of biological lubricants, various vegetable oils, which are used as raw materials for the production of biolubricant materials. The physicochemical properties of biological lubricants were analyzed from the point of view of improvement. The technological processes used for the chemical modification of vegetable oils, ensuring the lubricity and anti-wear properties of the obtained biolubricants are determined. Various additives used to improve the properties of biolubricants are also recommended. This review material will provide researchers and practitioners with additional information on the practice of using biolubricants.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48667218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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