Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-34-40
A. Kravtsov
In this work, the physical phenomenon of the formation of an oil film containing fullerenes was further developed, on the friction surface of tribosystems, which, in contrast to the known ones, takes into account the structural viscosity and structure of the formed film under the action of the electrostatic field of the friction surface. An increase in load significantly increases the structural viscosity of the gel structure, 13 - 20 times. The concentration of fullerenes in the base lubricant does not significantly affect the dynamic viscosity of aggregates in the composition of the liquid and the structure of the gel. An increase in the tribological properties of the base lubricant medium reduces the value of the structural viscosity of the gel on the friction surface by a factor of 3. At the same time, the concentration of fullerenes in the range of 0.5 - 1.5% does not have a large effect on these indicators. This phenomenon can be explained by the presence or absence of an additive package in the base lubricating medium. For those oils where the additive package is absent or present in a small amount J/m3, the introduction of a fullerene composition promotes the formation of clusters and micelles, which increase the structural viscosity and, consequently, form a film on the friction surface in the form of a gel structure. Conversely, if fullerenes are introduced into a base oil that contains a large and balanced additive package, where tribological properties are high J/m3, interaction at the molecular level does not occur. Fullerenes to a lesser extent will form stable aggregates in the form of micelles. The effect of reducing the coefficient of friction, equal to 96 %, is typical for low and medium loads of operation of tribosystems and base lubricants with average values of tribological properties. With increasing loads or tribological properties of base oils, the effect of the use of fullerenes decreases.
{"title":"Dependences of changes in the structural viscosity of oil films on the friction surface with fullerene compositions","authors":"A. Kravtsov","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-34-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-34-40","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the physical phenomenon of the formation of an oil film containing fullerenes was further developed, on the friction surface of tribosystems, which, in contrast to the known ones, takes into account the structural viscosity and structure of the formed film under the action of the electrostatic field of the friction surface. An increase in load significantly increases the structural viscosity of the gel structure, 13 - 20 times. The concentration of fullerenes in the base lubricant does not significantly affect the dynamic viscosity of aggregates in the composition of the liquid and the structure of the gel. An increase in the tribological properties of the base lubricant medium reduces the value of the structural viscosity of the gel on the friction surface by a factor of 3. At the same time, the concentration of fullerenes in the range of 0.5 - 1.5% does not have a large effect on these indicators. This phenomenon can be explained by the presence or absence of an additive package in the base lubricating medium. For those oils where the additive package is absent or present in a small amount J/m3, the introduction of a fullerene composition promotes the formation of clusters and micelles, which increase the structural viscosity and, consequently, form a film on the friction surface in the form of a gel structure. Conversely, if fullerenes are introduced into a base oil that contains a large and balanced additive package, where tribological properties are high J/m3, interaction at the molecular level does not occur. Fullerenes to a lesser extent will form stable aggregates in the form of micelles. The effect of reducing the coefficient of friction, equal to 96 %, is typical for low and medium loads of operation of tribosystems and base lubricants with average values of tribological properties. With increasing loads or tribological properties of base oils, the effect of the use of fullerenes decreases.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48147096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-65-70
D. Marchenko, K. Matvyeyeva
The article analyzes the research aimed at the use of various materials, additives and additives to oils. It is established that their application is mainly limited to the stages of operation, bench and operational running-in. The use of antifriction materials at the stage of processing the parts of internal combustion engines, limiting the resource, is small, despite the fact that such treatment reduces the running-in time and improves the finish of the friction surfaces. Theoretical calculation of the parameters of the working surface of the engine cylinder liner during their finishing using special antifriction materials showed a 2-fold increase in the bearing surface (from 0.2 to 0.4 of the nominal surface area at the level of the middle line of the profile) and a roughness of 0.27 μm, which is close to the values after the bench run-in. This proves the possibility of using this treatment in order to reduce the time of preparation of CNG and improve the characteristics of the surfaces to be worked. It is established that the finishing of engine cylinder liners with antifriction materials should be carried out at the contact pressure of the working tool (brass bars) on the surface of the sleeve 3 MPa, the speed of the working tool 5.5 m/s, the processing time of the sleeve 20 min. Finishing of sleeves with use of compositions TSK-B100 + SURM-KV, SURM-UO and RVS allows to reduce mechanical losses on friction in TsPG by 5-19% at the beginning of process of running in after processing in comparison with mechanical losses at the end of cold running in without finishing sleeves; to obtain the roughness parameters after finishing the same as after cold running in without additional processing of the sleeves; increase the bearing surface by 2 - 2.5 times (from 0.2 - 0.25 to 0.4 - 0.5 of the nominal surface area at the level of the middle line of the profile), which confirms the calculated data. The final treatment of sleeves with compositions based on antifriction materials TSK-B100 + SURM-KV, SURM-UO and RVS allows to provide values of parameters of a working surface of sleeves (reduction of roughness, increase of a basic surface) approaching their values after cold running in, therefore allows to increase contact loadings. in the connection "sleeve - piston ring" after this treatment and reduce the time of the bench run-in (to the values required for the attachment of other engine connections).
{"title":"Theoretical research of the technology of finishing cylinders with antifriction materials","authors":"D. Marchenko, K. Matvyeyeva","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-65-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-65-70","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the research aimed at the use of various materials, additives and additives to oils. It is established that their application is mainly limited to the stages of operation, bench and operational running-in. The use of antifriction materials at the stage of processing the parts of internal combustion engines, limiting the resource, is small, despite the fact that such treatment reduces the running-in time and improves the finish of the friction surfaces. Theoretical calculation of the parameters of the working surface of the engine cylinder liner during their finishing using special antifriction materials showed a 2-fold increase in the bearing surface (from 0.2 to 0.4 of the nominal surface area at the level of the middle line of the profile) and a roughness of 0.27 μm, which is close to the values after the bench run-in. This proves the possibility of using this treatment in order to reduce the time of preparation of CNG and improve the characteristics of the surfaces to be worked. It is established that the finishing of engine cylinder liners with antifriction materials should be carried out at the contact pressure of the working tool (brass bars) on the surface of the sleeve 3 MPa, the speed of the working tool 5.5 m/s, the processing time of the sleeve 20 min. Finishing of sleeves with use of compositions TSK-B100 + SURM-KV, SURM-UO and RVS allows to reduce mechanical losses on friction in TsPG by 5-19% at the beginning of process of running in after processing in comparison with mechanical losses at the end of cold running in without finishing sleeves; to obtain the roughness parameters after finishing the same as after cold running in without additional processing of the sleeves; increase the bearing surface by 2 - 2.5 times (from 0.2 - 0.25 to 0.4 - 0.5 of the nominal surface area at the level of the middle line of the profile), which confirms the calculated data. The final treatment of sleeves with compositions based on antifriction materials TSK-B100 + SURM-KV, SURM-UO and RVS allows to provide values of parameters of a working surface of sleeves (reduction of roughness, increase of a basic surface) approaching their values after cold running in, therefore allows to increase contact loadings. in the connection \"sleeve - piston ring\" after this treatment and reduce the time of the bench run-in (to the values required for the attachment of other engine connections).","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47519546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-41-49
M. Stechyshyn, A. Kornienko, N. Stechyshyna, A. Martynyuk, M. Tsepeniuk, V. Herasymenko
The task of this work is to find the optimal ratio between the size of the particles of silicon carbide and their volumetric content in the nickel matrix to provide maximum characteristics of strength and wear resistance of the working bodies of soil-processing machines. The article investigates the processes of forming complex electrolytic coatings (CEC) on a nickel basis with particles of the filler of various sizes of silicon carbide (SIC). It has been established that the formation of a sicle size sicle and SiC5 is carried out on a vertical, and all other particles in a horizontal cathode. The volumetric content of SICnano and SiC5 particles in nickel reaches a maximum of about 10%, and SiC100 – 46 %. Cap with particle size 28/20 and 50/40 μm allow you to get the most wear-resistant coatings. In this case, the coating with particles 28/20 μm have higher wear resistance, but coating with particles 50/40 μm are more technological when they are formed. The size of the filler particles has a significant effect on the tribological characteristics of the CEP, namely wear resistance and friction coefficient. It has been established that the highest wear resistance and the smallest friction coefficients are characterized by coatings having as a filler of fractions 28/20 and 50/40 μm. Tribological studies show the promise and efficiency of the CEP to increase the wear resistance of the working bodies of soil-cultivating machines.
{"title":"Durability of working bodies of soil-cultivating machines strengthened by composite electrolytic coatings (CEC)","authors":"M. Stechyshyn, A. Kornienko, N. Stechyshyna, A. Martynyuk, M. Tsepeniuk, V. Herasymenko","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-41-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-41-49","url":null,"abstract":"The task of this work is to find the optimal ratio between the size of the particles of silicon carbide and their volumetric content in the nickel matrix to provide maximum characteristics of strength and wear resistance of the working bodies of soil-processing machines. The article investigates the processes of forming complex electrolytic coatings (CEC) on a nickel basis with particles of the filler of various sizes of silicon carbide (SIC). It has been established that the formation of a sicle size sicle and SiC5 is carried out on a vertical, and all other particles in a horizontal cathode. The volumetric content of SICnano and SiC5 particles in nickel reaches a maximum of about 10%, and SiC100 – 46 %. Cap with particle size 28/20 and 50/40 μm allow you to get the most wear-resistant coatings. In this case, the coating with particles 28/20 μm have higher wear resistance, but coating with particles 50/40 μm are more technological when they are formed. The size of the filler particles has a significant effect on the tribological characteristics of the CEP, namely wear resistance and friction coefficient. It has been established that the highest wear resistance and the smallest friction coefficients are characterized by coatings having as a filler of fractions 28/20 and 50/40 μm. Tribological studies show the promise and efficiency of the CEP to increase the wear resistance of the working bodies of soil-cultivating machines.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41755834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-50-57
I. Shepelenko
The conditions for the antifriction coatings formation during finishing antifriction non-abrasive treatment (FANT) are analyzed. The requirements for this kind of coatings and the main criteria for assessing their quality are noted. A relationship has been established between the quality of the coating obtained with FANT and the technological factors that determine the conditions for contacting the tool with the treated surface. It is proved that the shape and size of microroughnesses of the treated surface determine the efficiency of the microcutting process and filling the microcavities with the rubbed material. Technological factors influence on the coating quality was investigated during FANT by implementing a multifactor experiment, as a result of which a connection was established between the technological parameters of the process (total friction path, load on the tool), as well as the length of the supporting surface with indicators characterizing the coating quality. Statistical models were obtained for mass transfer of antifriction material, area (continuity) of the coating and surface roughness at natural values of the factors, which made it possible to establish the studied factors influence on the optimization parameters. The analysis of the experimental scattering graphs made it possible to clarify the nature of the factors changes and analyze their mutual influence on the optimization criteria. Taking into account the inversely proportional relationship of the optimization criteria, the achievement of their maximum values at the same time is impossible, therefore, the values are taken according to the final result of the FANT process. The range of the studied factors values is established, the regularities of their change are substantiated from the point of view of the selected optimization criteria. Determination the rational values of the FANT process technological parameters will improve the antifriction coatings quality obtained by a friction-mechanical method.
{"title":"Technological factors influence on the antifriction coatings quality","authors":"I. Shepelenko","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-100-2-50-57","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions for the antifriction coatings formation during finishing antifriction non-abrasive treatment (FANT) are analyzed. The requirements for this kind of coatings and the main criteria for assessing their quality are noted. A relationship has been established between the quality of the coating obtained with FANT and the technological factors that determine the conditions for contacting the tool with the treated surface. It is proved that the shape and size of microroughnesses of the treated surface determine the efficiency of the microcutting process and filling the microcavities with the rubbed material. Technological factors influence on the coating quality was investigated during FANT by implementing a multifactor experiment, as a result of which a connection was established between the technological parameters of the process (total friction path, load on the tool), as well as the length of the supporting surface with indicators characterizing the coating quality. Statistical models were obtained for mass transfer of antifriction material, area (continuity) of the coating and surface roughness at natural values of the factors, which made it possible to establish the studied factors influence on the optimization parameters. The analysis of the experimental scattering graphs made it possible to clarify the nature of the factors changes and analyze their mutual influence on the optimization criteria. Taking into account the inversely proportional relationship of the optimization criteria, the achievement of their maximum values at the same time is impossible, therefore, the values are taken according to the final result of the FANT process. The range of the studied factors values is established, the regularities of their change are substantiated from the point of view of the selected optimization criteria. Determination the rational values of the FANT process technological parameters will improve the antifriction coatings quality obtained by a friction-mechanical method.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42781538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-21DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2021-99-1-20-27
A. Leshok, A. Dykha
Friction units for automotive and special vehicles are designed to operate under boundary friction conditions. Modern vehicles contain friction assemblies that use friction materials. Currently, friction materials are actively used: based on thermosetting resins; pulp and paper-based materials; sintered powder materials; materials of carbon or carbon composition; materials with a ceramic matrix. The development of a unified understanding of the effect of the size and chemical nature of ceramic additives on the processes occurring in a friction material during friction is very important and can be obtained both on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies. The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of submicron TiO2, Cr2O3, AlN powders with a size of 0.2-0.5 microns on the tribotechnical properties of a frictional material based on copper intended for operation under boundary friction conditions. It was found that when using the addition of Cr2O3 powder, the greatest increase in the value of the friction coefficient is noted - from 0.042 to 0.082, a slightly smaller increase in the friction coefficient is shown by the use of AlN and TiO2 defects - 0.042-0.074 and 0.042-0.060, respectively. The least wear of the friction material was obtained when using 3.0 vol. % aluminum nitride additive - 2.1 microns / km. Increasing the addition of any of the submicron powders by more than 7 vol. % leads to a significant decrease in wear resistance. This is due to the formation on the surface of the friction material of a modified layer containing ceramic particles and the metallic phase of the friction material. For the friction material, an unstable value of the friction coefficient and increased wear were recorded
{"title":"Regularities of the influence of submicron ceramic powders TiO2, AlN, Cr2O3 on the tribological properties of a friction material","authors":"A. Leshok, A. Dykha","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-99-1-20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-99-1-20-27","url":null,"abstract":"Friction units for automotive and special vehicles are designed to operate under boundary friction conditions. Modern vehicles contain friction assemblies that use friction materials. Currently, friction materials are actively used: based on thermosetting resins; pulp and paper-based materials; sintered powder materials; materials of carbon or carbon composition; materials with a ceramic matrix. The development of a unified understanding of the effect of the size and chemical nature of ceramic additives on the processes occurring in a friction material during friction is very important and can be obtained both on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies. The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of submicron TiO2, Cr2O3, AlN powders with a size of 0.2-0.5 microns on the tribotechnical properties of a frictional material based on copper intended for operation under boundary friction conditions. It was found that when using the addition of Cr2O3 powder, the greatest increase in the value of the friction coefficient is noted - from 0.042 to 0.082, a slightly smaller increase in the friction coefficient is shown by the use of AlN and TiO2 defects - 0.042-0.074 and 0.042-0.060, respectively. The least wear of the friction material was obtained when using 3.0 vol. % aluminum nitride additive - 2.1 microns / km. Increasing the addition of any of the submicron powders by more than 7 vol. % leads to a significant decrease in wear resistance. This is due to the formation on the surface of the friction material of a modified layer containing ceramic particles and the metallic phase of the friction material. For the friction material, an unstable value of the friction coefficient and increased wear were recorded","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45146793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-6-12
A. Kravtsov
The paper presents experimental studies of the tribological characteristics of liquid lubricants of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation when using fullerene compositions. Tribological characteristics were evaluated on a four-ball friction machine according to GOST 9490. The use of fullerene compositions in the form of a finely dispersed fullerene powder, pre-dispersed (dissolved) in vegetable high oleic oils, for example, rapeseed, with the subsequent addition of the resulting composition to technical oils of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation, leads to the following positive effect. The anti-wear properties of oils, which are assessed by the wear indicator, increase by 20,0…30,7 %, and the critical load on 18,8…25,0%. These indicators significantly exceed similar indicators when using fullerene fine powders without preliminary dispersion in vegetable oils, where the effect is on the border 11,1…15 %. Fullerene additives do not affect the extreme pressure properties of base oils, which are assessed by the scuffing load. This result makes it possible to state that the way to improve the tribological properties of lubricants by introducing a fine powder of fullerenes into base technical oils is ineffective. The experimental results obtained confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of the micelle formation mechanism in the lubricant under the action of the electrostatic field of the friction surface. The presence of a surfactant solvent (vegetable oil) allows you to "start" the micelle formation process at lower fullerene concentrations and to obtain the effect of increasing anti-wear properties.
{"title":"Evaluation of tribological characteristics of technical oils with fullerene compositions","authors":"A. Kravtsov","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-6-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-6-12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents experimental studies of the tribological characteristics of liquid lubricants of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation when using fullerene compositions. Tribological characteristics were evaluated on a four-ball friction machine according to GOST 9490. The use of fullerene compositions in the form of a finely dispersed fullerene powder, pre-dispersed (dissolved) in vegetable high oleic oils, for example, rapeseed, with the subsequent addition of the resulting composition to technical oils of various viscosity classes and various groups of operation, leads to the following positive effect. The anti-wear properties of oils, which are assessed by the wear indicator, increase by 20,0…30,7 %, and the critical load on 18,8…25,0%. These indicators significantly exceed similar indicators when using fullerene fine powders without preliminary dispersion in vegetable oils, where the effect is on the border 11,1…15 %. Fullerene additives do not affect the extreme pressure properties of base oils, which are assessed by the scuffing load. This result makes it possible to state that the way to improve the tribological properties of lubricants by introducing a fine powder of fullerenes into base technical oils is ineffective. The experimental results obtained confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of the micelle formation mechanism in the lubricant under the action of the electrostatic field of the friction surface. The presence of a surfactant solvent (vegetable oil) allows you to \"start\" the micelle formation process at lower fullerene concentrations and to obtain the effect of increasing anti-wear properties.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44830604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-13-19
V. Aulin, S. Lysenko, A. Hrinkiv, A. Chernai, I. Zhylova
It has been found that during frictional contact in separate local areas of a thin surface layer of parts under significant loads and deformations and high contact temperatures, the material of the tribocontact zone of parts transforms into a special activating unstable state of magma-plasma or triboplasma. General issues in which the nature of the processes of friction and wear of mating parts is clarified are considered at a higher fundamental level with the involvement of nanotribology. A number of processes that accompany interactions of triboconjugations of parts are analyzed: mechanoemission, mechanochemical, gas-discharge, etc., tribochemical reactions, fluxes of high-energy particles: excited molecules, atoms, ions, fast electrons, phonons (sound quanta and quanta of electromagnetic radiation). Regularities of additivity of elastic and magnetic aftereffect in the volumetric parts and surface layers of tribo-interface parts made of ferromagnetic materials and alloys have been revealed. Also, the regularity of the additivity of the diffusion aftereffect in their surface layers has been established. A tribophysical model of self-organization is built on the basis of a carbon-nitrogen cycle of tribochemical reactions that have the content of thermonuclear fusion reactions and which can be considered at the nanoscale. In these reactions, the carbon atom plays the role of a catalyst for the process of fusion of protons with subsequent transformation into a radioactive isotope, which decays into ordinary carbon and helium. It has been established that the mechanism of nuclear fusion reactions in the surface layers of triboconjugation parts is due to the directional movement of dislocations in the crystal structures of materials with the implementation of the proton cycle and the conversion of hydrogen into helium. It has been shown that this makes it possible to change the idea of the mechanocaloric effect, the process of friction and wear, and to substantiate a number of effects and processes from the physical positions of nanotribology. This will allow the creation of competitive tribotechnologies in various industries.
{"title":"New approach to elucidating the physical nature of the processes that occur in the friction zone of mates of machine parts","authors":"V. Aulin, S. Lysenko, A. Hrinkiv, A. Chernai, I. Zhylova","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-13-19","url":null,"abstract":"It has been found that during frictional contact in separate local areas of a thin surface layer of parts under significant loads and deformations and high contact temperatures, the material of the tribocontact zone of parts transforms into a special activating unstable state of magma-plasma or triboplasma. General issues in which the nature of the processes of friction and wear of mating parts is clarified are considered at a higher fundamental level with the involvement of nanotribology. A number of processes that accompany interactions of triboconjugations of parts are analyzed: mechanoemission, mechanochemical, gas-discharge, etc., tribochemical reactions, fluxes of high-energy particles: excited molecules, atoms, ions, fast electrons, phonons (sound quanta and quanta of electromagnetic radiation). Regularities of additivity of elastic and magnetic aftereffect in the volumetric parts and surface layers of tribo-interface parts made of ferromagnetic materials and alloys have been revealed. Also, the regularity of the additivity of the diffusion aftereffect in their surface layers has been established. A tribophysical model of self-organization is built on the basis of a carbon-nitrogen cycle of tribochemical reactions that have the content of thermonuclear fusion reactions and which can be considered at the nanoscale. In these reactions, the carbon atom plays the role of a catalyst for the process of fusion of protons with subsequent transformation into a radioactive isotope, which decays into ordinary carbon and helium. It has been established that the mechanism of nuclear fusion reactions in the surface layers of triboconjugation parts is due to the directional movement of dislocations in the crystal structures of materials with the implementation of the proton cycle and the conversion of hydrogen into helium. It has been shown that this makes it possible to change the idea of the mechanocaloric effect, the process of friction and wear, and to substantiate a number of effects and processes from the physical positions of nanotribology. This will allow the creation of competitive tribotechnologies in various industries.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47453504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-45-49
V. Chigarev, Yu. F. Logvinov
The article deals with the issues of reducing the content of harmful substances when surfacing alloyed wear-resistant alloys. Studies have been carried out to determine the possibility of reducing the formation of oxides during surfacing of high-alloy wear-resistant alloys of the sormite type using a closed filter-ventilation system, which ensures minimal losses of alloying elements during the formation of the deposited layer. The loss of alloying elements during surfacing is influenced by a number of metallurgical and technological factors, including the share of the base metal in the deposited, surfacing modes, oxidation processes during melting of the electrode material and in the melt of the weld pool when interacting with the surrounding gas environment. To reduce the oxygen content in the gas-air mixture formed during the surfacing process, special absorbent substances are used in a closed filtering and ventilation system, which reduce the course of oxidative processes with the formation of oxides of alloying elements. At the same time, the gas-air mixture is taken from the zone of arc burning and the weld pool, filtered through a system of special filters, in which solid and gaseous components of the welding aerosol are removed, after which the purified gas mixture is used as gas protection during surfacing. We used powder tapes containing a mechanical mixture of powder components and a complex-alloyed alloy in the core. A complex-alloyed alloy, an alloy previously melted in an induction furnace, containing the necessary alloying elements. Particles of the required sizes were obtained by hydrogranulation, which were then introduced into the core of a flux-cored tape. The indicated flux-cored strips provided the same chemical composition of one alloying system in the deposited layer. After surfacing, the chemical composition of the deposited metal was determined for the content of carbon, manganese, silicon, nickel. The use of a closed filtering and ventilation system makes it possible to reduce the formation of oxides of alloying elements, which requires the determination of specific parameters for each surfacing process. Creation and use of closed fil'tro vent system (CFVS), serve of the filtered air in area of surfacing and providing safe labour in the workplace of welder. It corresponds the international standard of ISO and norms of European Union. Therefore, to execute a requirement to impermissibility of hit of harmful questions in an atmosphere concordantly Kiotskomuo and to Parisian protocols.
{"title":"Reduction of oxides formation at surfact depositsitson of wear-resistant alloys","authors":"V. Chigarev, Yu. F. Logvinov","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-45-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-45-49","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issues of reducing the content of harmful substances when surfacing alloyed wear-resistant alloys. Studies have been carried out to determine the possibility of reducing the formation of oxides during surfacing of high-alloy wear-resistant alloys of the sormite type using a closed filter-ventilation system, which ensures minimal losses of alloying elements during the formation of the deposited layer. The loss of alloying elements during surfacing is influenced by a number of metallurgical and technological factors, including the share of the base metal in the deposited, surfacing modes, oxidation processes during melting of the electrode material and in the melt of the weld pool when interacting with the surrounding gas environment. To reduce the oxygen content in the gas-air mixture formed during the surfacing process, special absorbent substances are used in a closed filtering and ventilation system, which reduce the course of oxidative processes with the formation of oxides of alloying elements. At the same time, the gas-air mixture is taken from the zone of arc burning and the weld pool, filtered through a system of special filters, in which solid and gaseous components of the welding aerosol are removed, after which the purified gas mixture is used as gas protection during surfacing. We used powder tapes containing a mechanical mixture of powder components and a complex-alloyed alloy in the core. A complex-alloyed alloy, an alloy previously melted in an induction furnace, containing the necessary alloying elements. Particles of the required sizes were obtained by hydrogranulation, which were then introduced into the core of a flux-cored tape. The indicated flux-cored strips provided the same chemical composition of one alloying system in the deposited layer. After surfacing, the chemical composition of the deposited metal was determined for the content of carbon, manganese, silicon, nickel. The use of a closed filtering and ventilation system makes it possible to reduce the formation of oxides of alloying elements, which requires the determination of specific parameters for each surfacing process. Creation and use of closed fil'tro vent system (CFVS), serve of the filtered air in area of surfacing and providing safe labour in the workplace of welder. It corresponds the international standard of ISO and norms of European Union. Therefore, to execute a requirement to impermissibility of hit of harmful questions in an atmosphere concordantly Kiotskomuo and to Parisian protocols.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49507659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-33-39
V. Tokaruk, O. Mikosianchyk, R. Mnatsakanov, N. Rohozhyna
Microgeometric parameters of the effect of discrete electrospark coatings on their stress-strain state have been evaluated for the case of using a combined technology of modification of duralumin D16, which includes the technique of electrospark alloying with subsequent surface plastic deformation of coatings formed. According to the profilograms of discrete electrical coatings, the curves of the bearing surface (Abbott curves) were constructed and the parameters that drastically affect tribological characteristics of the coatings were determined. It was shown that modification of duralumin D16 with a combined electrospark coating VK-8 + Cu reduces the arithmetic mean height of peaks in the top portion of the profile by 4.4 and 3.2 times, doubles the arithmetic mean depth of the profile core irregularities, increases the arithmetic mean depth of profile valleys by 1.8 and 1.1 times, in comparison with electrospark coatings from hard alloy VK-8 and copper, respectively. These parameters help to reduce the period of running-in of the contact surfaces strengthened by the combined electrospark coating VK-8 + Cu, increase their bearing capacity, contact durability and specific oil consumption. On the basis of the finite element analysis method of the Nastran software complex, a model of the stress-strain state of a discrete coating/base was designed and distribution of the main normal stresses was determined for a coating compactness of 60% under a normal load of 600 N. The performed modeling revealed advantages of a combined technology for formation of wear-resistant electrospark coatings, which consists in turning residual tensile stresses into compressive ones. When modifying the duralumin D16 with a VK-8 + Cu coating, on the coating surface and in the base material, compressive stresses (-93 MPa and -20 MPa, respectively) are formed, which provides a decrease in wear of the modified surface by two times compared to unmodified duralumin D16.
{"title":"Microgeometrical characteristics of electrospark coatings in the initial state","authors":"V. Tokaruk, O. Mikosianchyk, R. Mnatsakanov, N. Rohozhyna","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-33-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2020-98-4-33-39","url":null,"abstract":"Microgeometric parameters of the effect of discrete electrospark coatings on their stress-strain state have been evaluated for the case of using a combined technology of modification of duralumin D16, which includes the technique of electrospark alloying with subsequent surface plastic deformation of coatings formed. According to the profilograms of discrete electrical coatings, the curves of the bearing surface (Abbott curves) were constructed and the parameters that drastically affect tribological characteristics of the coatings were determined. It was shown that modification of duralumin D16 with a combined electrospark coating VK-8 + Cu reduces the arithmetic mean height of peaks in the top portion of the profile by 4.4 and 3.2 times, doubles the arithmetic mean depth of the profile core irregularities, increases the arithmetic mean depth of profile valleys by 1.8 and 1.1 times, in comparison with electrospark coatings from hard alloy VK-8 and copper, respectively. These parameters help to reduce the period of running-in of the contact surfaces strengthened by the combined electrospark coating VK-8 + Cu, increase their bearing capacity, contact durability and specific oil consumption. On the basis of the finite element analysis method of the Nastran software complex, a model of the stress-strain state of a discrete coating/base was designed and distribution of the main normal stresses was determined for a coating compactness of 60% under a normal load of 600 N. The performed modeling revealed advantages of a combined technology for formation of wear-resistant electrospark coatings, which consists in turning residual tensile stresses into compressive ones. When modifying the duralumin D16 with a VK-8 + Cu coating, on the coating surface and in the base material, compressive stresses (-93 MPa and -20 MPa, respectively) are formed, which provides a decrease in wear of the modified surface by two times compared to unmodified duralumin D16.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-28DOI: 10.31891/2079-1372-2020-97-3-55-63
N. N. Dikhtyaruk, E. A. Poplavskaya
The article is devoted to the study of problems of contact interaction of an infinite elastic inhomogeneous stringer with a prestressed strip clamped along one edge. As a result of the research, we have obtained a resolving system of recurrent systems of integro-differential equations. In general, the studies were carried out for the theory of large initial and various versions of the theory of small initial deformations within the framework of the linearized theory of elasticity with an elastic potential of an arbitrary structure. Integral integer differential equations are obtained using the integral Fourier transform. Their solution is presented in the form of quasiregular infinite systems of algebraic equations. The article also investigates the influence of the initial (residual) stresses in strips on the distribution law of contact stresses along the line of contact with an infinite stringer. The system is solved in a closed form using the Fourier transform. The stress expressions are represented by Fourier integrals with a fairly simple structure. The influence of the initial stress on the distribution of contact stresses has been studied and mechanical effects have been found under the action of concentrated loads.
{"title":"Plane contact problem on the interaction of a pre-stressed strip with an infinite inhomogeneous stringer","authors":"N. N. Dikhtyaruk, E. A. Poplavskaya","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2020-97-3-55-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2020-97-3-55-63","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of problems of contact interaction of an infinite elastic inhomogeneous stringer with a prestressed strip clamped along one edge. As a result of the research, we have obtained a resolving system of recurrent systems of integro-differential equations. In general, the studies were carried out for the theory of large initial and various versions of the theory of small initial deformations within the framework of the linearized theory of elasticity with an elastic potential of an arbitrary structure. Integral integer differential equations are obtained using the integral Fourier transform. Their solution is presented in the form of quasiregular infinite systems of algebraic equations. The article also investigates the influence of the initial (residual) stresses in strips on the distribution law of contact stresses along the line of contact with an infinite stringer. The system is solved in a closed form using the Fourier transform. The stress expressions are represented by Fourier integrals with a fairly simple structure. The influence of the initial stress on the distribution of contact stresses has been studied and mechanical effects have been found under the action of concentrated loads.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43725306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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