Many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are caused by the interplay of lifestyle and genetic factors. Studies have suggested an association between red meat consumption and increased CVD risk. There is evidence indicating that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of red meat and other animal-derived foodstuffs, promotes CVD. Here, we undertake an overview of some of the reported investigations of the relationship between TMAO and CVD and briefly discuss possible underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Relationship between red meat metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular disease","authors":"A. Yousuf, D. McVey, Shu Ye","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_8_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_8_21","url":null,"abstract":"Many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are caused by the interplay of lifestyle and genetic factors. Studies have suggested an association between red meat consumption and increased CVD risk. There is evidence indicating that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of red meat and other animal-derived foodstuffs, promotes CVD. Here, we undertake an overview of some of the reported investigations of the relationship between TMAO and CVD and briefly discuss possible underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"6 1","pages":"3 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44009162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review focuses on the role of dietary potassium and sodium in hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) damage and protection. It briefly describes the burden of global hypertension and CV diseases; discusses some of the ways that sodium and potassium imbalance induce hypertension; provides some experimental evidence explaining how high-sodium and low-potassium diet induces target organ (kidney and heart, etc.) damage independent of blood pressure, and addresses the role that a low-sodium and high-potassium diet may play to reduce the incidence of hypertension, CV events, and death.
{"title":"The role of dietary potassium and sodium in hypertension and cardiovascular damage and protection: A narrative review","authors":"Qing Wang","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_23_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_23_21","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on the role of dietary potassium and sodium in hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) damage and protection. It briefly describes the burden of global hypertension and CV diseases; discusses some of the ways that sodium and potassium imbalance induce hypertension; provides some experimental evidence explaining how high-sodium and low-potassium diet induces target organ (kidney and heart, etc.) damage independent of blood pressure, and addresses the role that a low-sodium and high-potassium diet may play to reduce the incidence of hypertension, CV events, and death.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"6 1","pages":"10 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48290135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This particular coronavirus disease is a pandemic giving rise to great global affliction and uncertainty, even among those who have dedicated their lives to health care or the study of disease, or both. Notwithstanding those directly affected, the lives of all people have been turned upside down. Each person has to cope with her or his personal situation and a story is taking shape for everyone on earth. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, the source of the 2020 pandemic. This paper contains brief highlights from a duplicable PubMed search of the COVID-19 literature published from January 1 to March 31, 2020, as well as a duplicable search of past influenza-related publications. Excerpts from select papers are highlighted. The main focus of this paper is a descriptive analysis of influenza and other respiratory viruses based on a 16-year population-based dataset. In addition, the paper includes analyses based on the presence or absence of mental disorder (MD) in relation to influenza and all other respiratory viruses. Methods: The investigation is descriptive and exploratory in nature. Employing a case-comparison design, a 16-year population-based dataset was analyzed to both understand the present and plan for the future. While not all viral infections are equal, this paper focuses on system responses by describing the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, such as influenza. Influenza is established in the global population and has caused epidemics in the past. Where possible direct comparisons are made between COVID-19, influenza, and other respiratory viruses. Results: Those with MD had a higher rate of viral infection per 100,000 capita compared to those with the viral infection and no MD. Further, the postviral infection MD rate was not higher compared to the MD per capita rate before viral infection. The postinfluenza rate of MD among those who were without mental disorder before influenza represents an estimate of postinfection mental health burden. Conclusions: In summary, those with preinfluenza MD are at greater risk for viral infection. Further, while the postviral infection MD rate was not higher compared to the MD per capita rate before viral infection, this independent estimate may inform the degree to which services may need to undergo a sustained increase to address the bio psychosocial needs of each served population were COVID-19 to persist and become established in the global population.
{"title":"A comparative epidemiology model for understanding mental morbidity and planning health system response to the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"D. Cawthorpe","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_60_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_60_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This particular coronavirus disease is a pandemic giving rise to great global affliction and uncertainty, even among those who have dedicated their lives to health care or the study of disease, or both. Notwithstanding those directly affected, the lives of all people have been turned upside down. Each person has to cope with her or his personal situation and a story is taking shape for everyone on earth. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, the source of the 2020 pandemic. This paper contains brief highlights from a duplicable PubMed search of the COVID-19 literature published from January 1 to March 31, 2020, as well as a duplicable search of past influenza-related publications. Excerpts from select papers are highlighted. The main focus of this paper is a descriptive analysis of influenza and other respiratory viruses based on a 16-year population-based dataset. In addition, the paper includes analyses based on the presence or absence of mental disorder (MD) in relation to influenza and all other respiratory viruses. Methods: The investigation is descriptive and exploratory in nature. Employing a case-comparison design, a 16-year population-based dataset was analyzed to both understand the present and plan for the future. While not all viral infections are equal, this paper focuses on system responses by describing the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, such as influenza. Influenza is established in the global population and has caused epidemics in the past. Where possible direct comparisons are made between COVID-19, influenza, and other respiratory viruses. Results: Those with MD had a higher rate of viral infection per 100,000 capita compared to those with the viral infection and no MD. Further, the postviral infection MD rate was not higher compared to the MD per capita rate before viral infection. The postinfluenza rate of MD among those who were without mental disorder before influenza represents an estimate of postinfection mental health burden. Conclusions: In summary, those with preinfluenza MD are at greater risk for viral infection. Further, while the postviral infection MD rate was not higher compared to the MD per capita rate before viral infection, this independent estimate may inform the degree to which services may need to undergo a sustained increase to address the bio psychosocial needs of each served population were COVID-19 to persist and become established in the global population.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"5 1","pages":"103 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Perez, Spencer Murdock, Sarah Singh, W. Zheng
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected people's day-to-day lives, especially those with mental illness. We present a case of a manic episode with psychotic features induced by dexamethasone administered as part of COVID-19 treatment. The patient had underlying depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, but was stable before contracting COVID-19. The implications of quarantine and social stress on mood stability are also discussed. We call for better patient education on the risks of steroid-induced mania and psychosis as well as increased attention to mental illness screening and treatment during this unprecedented pandemic time.
{"title":"A case report: Steroid-induced mania in the context of COVID-19: The compounding impact of treatment on mental health","authors":"John Perez, Spencer Murdock, Sarah Singh, W. Zheng","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected people's day-to-day lives, especially those with mental illness. We present a case of a manic episode with psychotic features induced by dexamethasone administered as part of COVID-19 treatment. The patient had underlying depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, but was stable before contracting COVID-19. The implications of quarantine and social stress on mood stability are also discussed. We call for better patient education on the risks of steroid-induced mania and psychosis as well as increased attention to mental illness screening and treatment during this unprecedented pandemic time.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"5 1","pages":"157 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42155382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Body and mind: Two maps but one territory. mental coaching in support of somatic correlates in times of COVID-19","authors":"G. Marano, E. Gaetani, G. Sani, M. Mazza","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_50_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_50_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"5 1","pages":"161 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47220838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance and application of interpersonal psychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"H. Swartz","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_55_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_55_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"5 1","pages":"155 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective is to explore whether hypertension influences unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced depressive-like behaviors and the potential therapeutic effect of Guan-Xin-Shu-Tong capsules (GXST) in controlling hypertension and depressive-like behaviors. Materials and Methods: Fifteen spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 15 wistar rats were divided into three groups respectively (n = 5, in each group), including control, UCMS, and UCMS + GXST groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at baseline and at the end of the experiment. Rats were subjected to seven kinds of UCMS over 4 weeks. GXST treatments were administrated (2.8 g/kg) by intragastric gavage once a day over 4 consecutive weeks during UCMS treatment. Sucrose-preference and open-field tests were used to detect depressive-like behaviors. Results: SHR exposed to 4-week UCMS treatment had lower HR when compared with control and UCMS + GXST groups (P < 0.05); Wister rats receiving UCMS or UCMS + GXST had lower SBP (P < 0.05), lower DBP (P < 0.05) and lower MAP (P < 0.05) than controls. Compared with the controls, UCMS reduced the sucrose preference of Wistar rats, UCMS and UCMS + GXST decreased both grid-crossings and the number of upright postures measured in Wistar rats (P < 0.05). SHR showed lower sucrose consumption, less sucrose preference, and fewer grid-crossings after UCMS than control SHR. However, the lower incidence of upright postures in SHR was prevented by GXST treatment (P < 0.05). Linear correlation showed that grid-crossings or upright postures were negatively related to the values of SBP, DBP, or MAP, presenting the positive relationship between depressive-like behaviors and SBP, DBP, or MAP reduction in Wistar rats; there was a negative correlation between grid-crossings and DBP responses, and MAP responses in SHR, and a positive correlation between depressive-like behaviors and DBP and MAP response elevation in SHR. Conclusions: UCMS-induced depressive-like behaviors in Wistar and SHR, accompanied by a blood pressure decrease in Wistar rats but not in SHR. While GXST exhibited effective relief of depressive-like behaviors in SHR without influencing their blood pressure.
{"title":"Unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in spontaneously hypertensive rats","authors":"Lijun Zhang, Meiyan Liu","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_49_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_49_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective is to explore whether hypertension influences unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced depressive-like behaviors and the potential therapeutic effect of Guan-Xin-Shu-Tong capsules (GXST) in controlling hypertension and depressive-like behaviors. Materials and Methods: Fifteen spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 15 wistar rats were divided into three groups respectively (n = 5, in each group), including control, UCMS, and UCMS + GXST groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at baseline and at the end of the experiment. Rats were subjected to seven kinds of UCMS over 4 weeks. GXST treatments were administrated (2.8 g/kg) by intragastric gavage once a day over 4 consecutive weeks during UCMS treatment. Sucrose-preference and open-field tests were used to detect depressive-like behaviors. Results: SHR exposed to 4-week UCMS treatment had lower HR when compared with control and UCMS + GXST groups (P < 0.05); Wister rats receiving UCMS or UCMS + GXST had lower SBP (P < 0.05), lower DBP (P < 0.05) and lower MAP (P < 0.05) than controls. Compared with the controls, UCMS reduced the sucrose preference of Wistar rats, UCMS and UCMS + GXST decreased both grid-crossings and the number of upright postures measured in Wistar rats (P < 0.05). SHR showed lower sucrose consumption, less sucrose preference, and fewer grid-crossings after UCMS than control SHR. However, the lower incidence of upright postures in SHR was prevented by GXST treatment (P < 0.05). Linear correlation showed that grid-crossings or upright postures were negatively related to the values of SBP, DBP, or MAP, presenting the positive relationship between depressive-like behaviors and SBP, DBP, or MAP reduction in Wistar rats; there was a negative correlation between grid-crossings and DBP responses, and MAP responses in SHR, and a positive correlation between depressive-like behaviors and DBP and MAP response elevation in SHR. Conclusions: UCMS-induced depressive-like behaviors in Wistar and SHR, accompanied by a blood pressure decrease in Wistar rats but not in SHR. While GXST exhibited effective relief of depressive-like behaviors in SHR without influencing their blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"5 1","pages":"119 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45544294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Habibović, C. Kraaij, S. Pauws, Jos G. Widdershoven
Background: Within the field of cardiology, telehealth has been advocated by many as important benefits have been demonstrated regarding disease management and survival. Both patient- and physician-related barriers have hampered the uptake of telehealth in the clinical practice. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the upscaling of telehealth modalities. Objective: The current study will examine patients' preferences, needs, and recommendations regarding the use of telehealth at the cardiology outpatient clinic during the pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured focus groups were organized covering two themes: (1) patients' experiences with telehealth and (2) patients' needs and recommendations regarding the use of telehealth. Focus groups were held online using Microsoft Teams, and audio recordings were made. After transcribing the recordings, thematic analysis was applied to code the answers that were given. Results: A total of n = 19 patients were recruited; the mean age was 62.4 (7.7) and 10 (52.6%) were female. The majority of the patients (15/19) indicated to be positive regarding telehealth use mainly due to its time-saving character. Four patients were negative toward telehealth as they did not receive appropriate care in their perception due to telehealth use. Patients recommend using blended care where teleconsultation, and face-to-face appointments are provided in accordance with patients' preferences. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine, in-depth, cardiac patients' experiences, needs, and recommendations regarding telehealth use in the clinical practice. Learning from current experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic where upscaling of telehealth emerged will give us a foundation to further increase the uptake of telehealth in the clinical practice.
{"title":"Patient perspective on telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic at the cardiology outpatient clinic: Data from a qualitative study","authors":"M. Habibović, C. Kraaij, S. Pauws, Jos G. Widdershoven","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_39_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_39_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Within the field of cardiology, telehealth has been advocated by many as important benefits have been demonstrated regarding disease management and survival. Both patient- and physician-related barriers have hampered the uptake of telehealth in the clinical practice. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed the upscaling of telehealth modalities. Objective: The current study will examine patients' preferences, needs, and recommendations regarding the use of telehealth at the cardiology outpatient clinic during the pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured focus groups were organized covering two themes: (1) patients' experiences with telehealth and (2) patients' needs and recommendations regarding the use of telehealth. Focus groups were held online using Microsoft Teams, and audio recordings were made. After transcribing the recordings, thematic analysis was applied to code the answers that were given. Results: A total of n = 19 patients were recruited; the mean age was 62.4 (7.7) and 10 (52.6%) were female. The majority of the patients (15/19) indicated to be positive regarding telehealth use mainly due to its time-saving character. Four patients were negative toward telehealth as they did not receive appropriate care in their perception due to telehealth use. Patients recommend using blended care where teleconsultation, and face-to-face appointments are provided in accordance with patients' preferences. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine, in-depth, cardiac patients' experiences, needs, and recommendations regarding telehealth use in the clinical practice. Learning from current experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic where upscaling of telehealth emerged will give us a foundation to further increase the uptake of telehealth in the clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":"5 1","pages":"132 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48020666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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