COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory system; however, other body parts can also be involved. After resolving the acute stage, long-standing COVID effects can continue to trouble COVID survivors; a term used to describe them is “long COVID” or post-COVID syndrome. Long COVID phenotypes are physical and functional: physical symptoms include persistent dyspnea, chest pain, myalgia, impaired mobility, and arthralgia, whereas fatigue, depression, cognitive impairment, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, insomnia, and somatization are considered the functional aspects. Growing evidence suggests inflammatory rheumatic conditions may develop in COVID-19. COVID-19 further impact patients significantly with inflammatory arthritis (IA), their physical, psychological and social relationships, and their quality of life. Psychiatric COVID long-haulers could overload the existing rheumatology facilities globally, especially in the simultaneous presence of IA and COVID-19. This perspective addresses how psychosomatic manifestations of COVID-19 and “long COVID” burden the present rheumatology facility. We further address treatment options of “long COVID” and future research direction regarding its pathophysiology and “long COVID” psychosomatic illness, especially in the setting of chronic rheumatic diseases.
{"title":"COVID-19, Long COVID, and Psychosomatic Manifestations: A Possible Burden on Existing Rheumatology Facilities","authors":"Md Bakar Siddiq, J. Rasker","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_63_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_63_21","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 mainly affects the respiratory system; however, other body parts can also be involved. After resolving the acute stage, long-standing COVID effects can continue to trouble COVID survivors; a term used to describe them is “long COVID” or post-COVID syndrome. Long COVID phenotypes are physical and functional: physical symptoms include persistent dyspnea, chest pain, myalgia, impaired mobility, and arthralgia, whereas fatigue, depression, cognitive impairment, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, insomnia, and somatization are considered the functional aspects. Growing evidence suggests inflammatory rheumatic conditions may develop in COVID-19. COVID-19 further impact patients significantly with inflammatory arthritis (IA), their physical, psychological and social relationships, and their quality of life. Psychiatric COVID long-haulers could overload the existing rheumatology facilities globally, especially in the simultaneous presence of IA and COVID-19. This perspective addresses how psychosomatic manifestations of COVID-19 and “long COVID” burden the present rheumatology facility. We further address treatment options of “long COVID” and future research direction regarding its pathophysiology and “long COVID” psychosomatic illness, especially in the setting of chronic rheumatic diseases.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review of heart disease: It is all in your head, and what to do about it","authors":"P. Palade, M. Mahadevan","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43945378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sleep, exercise, stress, COVID-19, and human health","authors":"Lin Lu","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_40_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44162183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanshan Tian, K. Yuan, Yong-Bo Zheng, Xuejiao Gao, Xuan Chen, Ying-bo Yang, Shi-qiu Meng, Lu Cao, Le Shi, Wei Yan, Xiaoxing Liu, Jie Shi, Lin Lu, J. Deng, Y. Bao
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was considered important by Chinese health authorities in the fight against COVID-19. This review systematically analyzed and evaluated the safety and efficacy of TCM combined with Western Medicine (WM) for the treatment of COVID-19. We sought to provide summary evidence for clinicians when using TCM. We searched for studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data from database inception to June 1, 2021. Overall, 31 studies (14,579 participants) were involved in the final systematic review, including 15 randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. TCM combined with WM showed main outcomes of a higher clinical efficacy rate (odds ratio [OR] =2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.90–3.24, I2 = 4%) and lower case fatality rate (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.19–0.49, I2 = 80%) compared with WM treatment alone. No significant overall adverse events were found between TCM plus WM group and WM group (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.63–2.23, I2 = 75%). Some larger randomized control trials would assist in defining the effect of TCM combined with WM on the treatment of COVID-19 complications such as cardiac injury. TCM combined with WM may be safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of traditional chinese medicine combined with western medicine for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shanshan Tian, K. Yuan, Yong-Bo Zheng, Xuejiao Gao, Xuan Chen, Ying-bo Yang, Shi-qiu Meng, Lu Cao, Le Shi, Wei Yan, Xiaoxing Liu, Jie Shi, Lin Lu, J. Deng, Y. Bao","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was considered important by Chinese health authorities in the fight against COVID-19. This review systematically analyzed and evaluated the safety and efficacy of TCM combined with Western Medicine (WM) for the treatment of COVID-19. We sought to provide summary evidence for clinicians when using TCM. We searched for studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data from database inception to June 1, 2021. Overall, 31 studies (14,579 participants) were involved in the final systematic review, including 15 randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. TCM combined with WM showed main outcomes of a higher clinical efficacy rate (odds ratio [OR] =2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.90–3.24, I2 = 4%) and lower case fatality rate (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.19–0.49, I2 = 80%) compared with WM treatment alone. No significant overall adverse events were found between TCM plus WM group and WM group (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.63–2.23, I2 = 75%). Some larger randomized control trials would assist in defining the effect of TCM combined with WM on the treatment of COVID-19 complications such as cardiac injury. TCM combined with WM may be safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41768644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stroke is defined as a neurological deficit which lasts more than 24 h or leads to death, which is caused by a focal acute injury to the central nervous system with a vascular origin. Strokes are one of the greatest challenges in public health. As an acutely stressful event, strokes have been associated with an increased release in the stress hormone cortisol. Elevated cortisol has been linked to deleterious impacts on the brain, particularly the hippocampus, and has been associated with the development of dementia, though the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Dementia is also an important stroke outcome, affecting approximately a third of stroke survivors in the long term. This review explores the relationship between strokes and cortisol, to determine the association between cortisol and hippocampal/neuronal damage and poststroke dementia and cortisol.
{"title":"The Role of Cortisol in the Development of Post-Stroke Dementia: A Narrative Review","authors":"Isabella Edwards, I. Singh, R. Rose'meyer","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_32_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_32_22","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is defined as a neurological deficit which lasts more than 24 h or leads to death, which is caused by a focal acute injury to the central nervous system with a vascular origin. Strokes are one of the greatest challenges in public health. As an acutely stressful event, strokes have been associated with an increased release in the stress hormone cortisol. Elevated cortisol has been linked to deleterious impacts on the brain, particularly the hippocampus, and has been associated with the development of dementia, though the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Dementia is also an important stroke outcome, affecting approximately a third of stroke survivors in the long term. This review explores the relationship between strokes and cortisol, to determine the association between cortisol and hippocampal/neuronal damage and poststroke dementia and cortisol.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42741555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi-qiu Meng, Lin Lu, K. Yuan, Doris G. Yang, Icey Zhang
In this interview, Prof. Lin Lu introduced ways to improve sleep and relieve stress, influences of sleep on the heart and mental health, essential qualities of psychiatrists, etc. His major viewpoints are: (a) sleep deprivation disrupts physiological functions, (b) prevalence of mental health problems in the general population, health-care workers, and students showed an increasing trend following COVID-19, and (c) it is a tendency for doctors to develop a comprehensive and integrated treatment plan from the physical and mental perspectives.
{"title":"Facing sleep and mental health problems in the COVID-19 era: What shall we do?","authors":"Shi-qiu Meng, Lin Lu, K. Yuan, Doris G. Yang, Icey Zhang","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_38_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_38_22","url":null,"abstract":"In this interview, Prof. Lin Lu introduced ways to improve sleep and relieve stress, influences of sleep on the heart and mental health, essential qualities of psychiatrists, etc. His major viewpoints are: (a) sleep deprivation disrupts physiological functions, (b) prevalence of mental health problems in the general population, health-care workers, and students showed an increasing trend following COVID-19, and (c) it is a tendency for doctors to develop a comprehensive and integrated treatment plan from the physical and mental perspectives.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44501741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdolmohammad Ranhbar, B. Sohrabi, Reza Hajizadeh, M. Shoar, Hadiseh Kavandi, Sahar Ghodratizadeh, Hanieh Sakha, Kamran Mohammadi
Purpose: Low-risk pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) outpatient management has been described recently. The blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a useful marker of cardiovascular disease and an independent predictor of cardiac mortality. The predictive value of NLR in predicting mortality of low-risk PTE was evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: The total of 168 patients with definite pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography angiography whose on-admission simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score was zero enrolled in this study. The survival rate of patients according to their NLR was evaluated. Results: During 12 months' follow-up period, eight patients (4.7%) died. None of the patients with an NLR of <3.2 died during the follow-up. The median values of NLR in the nonsurvivor and survivor groups were 9.2 ± 3.03 (2–29.5) and 4.69 ± 0.43 (0.8–24.5), respectively. NLR values were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P = 0.043). Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with zero PESI score and NLR <3.2 could be managed patiently with good results.
{"title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Outpatient Management of Low-Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism","authors":"Abdolmohammad Ranhbar, B. Sohrabi, Reza Hajizadeh, M. Shoar, Hadiseh Kavandi, Sahar Ghodratizadeh, Hanieh Sakha, Kamran Mohammadi","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_20_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_20_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Low-risk pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) outpatient management has been described recently. The blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a useful marker of cardiovascular disease and an independent predictor of cardiac mortality. The predictive value of NLR in predicting mortality of low-risk PTE was evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: The total of 168 patients with definite pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography angiography whose on-admission simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score was zero enrolled in this study. The survival rate of patients according to their NLR was evaluated. Results: During 12 months' follow-up period, eight patients (4.7%) died. None of the patients with an NLR of <3.2 died during the follow-up. The median values of NLR in the nonsurvivor and survivor groups were 9.2 ± 3.03 (2–29.5) and 4.69 ± 0.43 (0.8–24.5), respectively. NLR values were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P = 0.043). Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with zero PESI score and NLR <3.2 could be managed patiently with good results.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hooshiar, Helia Esmaili, A. Taherian, S. Jafarnejad
Lifelong accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of AGEs, cardiovascular dysfunction develops and progresses via two main mechanisms: cross-linking AGEs with tissue proteins and binding of AGEs to their receptor for AGE (RAGE). In addition, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in these patients may be due to increased oxidative stress, leading to an elevation in blood circulation and tissue AGEs. Increasing physical activity is a critical approach among the different strategies to manage the deleterious effects of these changes caused by disease. Exercise prevents the accumulation of AGEs and slows the progression of chronic disease sequels. Exercise reduces AGE levels through a reduction of insulin sensitivity, fat mass, inflammation, and RAGE expression. An improvement in glucose metabolism and glycemic control are also other possible explanations. Reduced peripheral insulin resistance may attenuate AGE accumulation. Physical exercise causes more antioxidant enzyme secretion and reduces oxidative stress. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory endothelial function is improved by exercise. After exercise, subendothelial matrix stiffness decreases, and endothelial function is improved. In this current study, the association between AGEs and exercise and their interaction effects on CVD are discussed.
{"title":"Exercise, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Their Effects on Cardiovascular Disorders: A Narrative Review","authors":"S. Hooshiar, Helia Esmaili, A. Taherian, S. Jafarnejad","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"Lifelong accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of AGEs, cardiovascular dysfunction develops and progresses via two main mechanisms: cross-linking AGEs with tissue proteins and binding of AGEs to their receptor for AGE (RAGE). In addition, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in these patients may be due to increased oxidative stress, leading to an elevation in blood circulation and tissue AGEs. Increasing physical activity is a critical approach among the different strategies to manage the deleterious effects of these changes caused by disease. Exercise prevents the accumulation of AGEs and slows the progression of chronic disease sequels. Exercise reduces AGE levels through a reduction of insulin sensitivity, fat mass, inflammation, and RAGE expression. An improvement in glucose metabolism and glycemic control are also other possible explanations. Reduced peripheral insulin resistance may attenuate AGE accumulation. Physical exercise causes more antioxidant enzyme secretion and reduces oxidative stress. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory endothelial function is improved by exercise. After exercise, subendothelial matrix stiffness decreases, and endothelial function is improved. In this current study, the association between AGEs and exercise and their interaction effects on CVD are discussed.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43522272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Dimitriadis, E. Bletsa, E. Lazarou, I. Leontsinis, P. Stampouloglou, E. Dri, Athanasios Sakalidis, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, P. Tsioufis, G. Siasos, D. Tsiachris, K. Tsioufis
Exercise provides beneficial effects on the primary and secondary prevention of numerous chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and malignancies. Despite its indisputable benefits, exercise can rarely trigger major adverse cardiovascular events such as ventricular arr hythmias, myocardial infarction, or even sudden cardiac arrest in susceptible individuals. Physiological changes that occur during exercise, including increased sympathetic activity and cardiac oxygen requirements, may account for ischemia and trigger ventricular ectopy with eventually adverse outcomes. Tailored preparticipation screening for exercise and sports engagement is fundamental to unveiling underlying pathological conditions. The present review summarizes the overall impact of exercise on cardiovascular health and highlights the recommended prevention strategies.
{"title":"A Narrative Review on Exercise and Cardiovascular Events: “Primum Non Nocere”","authors":"K. Dimitriadis, E. Bletsa, E. Lazarou, I. Leontsinis, P. Stampouloglou, E. Dri, Athanasios Sakalidis, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, P. Tsioufis, G. Siasos, D. Tsiachris, K. Tsioufis","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_25_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_25_22","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise provides beneficial effects on the primary and secondary prevention of numerous chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and malignancies. Despite its indisputable benefits, exercise can rarely trigger major adverse cardiovascular events such as ventricular arr hythmias, myocardial infarction, or even sudden cardiac arrest in susceptible individuals. Physiological changes that occur during exercise, including increased sympathetic activity and cardiac oxygen requirements, may account for ischemia and trigger ventricular ectopy with eventually adverse outcomes. Tailored preparticipation screening for exercise and sports engagement is fundamental to unveiling underlying pathological conditions. The present review summarizes the overall impact of exercise on cardiovascular health and highlights the recommended prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46576571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To compare chronic cardiac adaptations to exercise at various intensities and in different sports categories of female athletes. Methods: This was a retrospective study including 30 elite female athletes (members of the National Team), 14 amateur female athletes training 3-6 h per week for several years, and 20 inactive female controls who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance. Results: Left and right ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDVI and RVEDVI) differed between all studied groups. They rose from controls to elite athletes, with amateur athletes in-between (for LVEDVI 73 ± 9 vs. 83 ± 6 vs. 95 ± 13 ml/m2, P < 0.001, for RVEDVI 74 ± 7 vs. 84 ± 6 vs. 97 ± 14 ml/m2, P < 0.001, respectively). Left and right atrial areas (LAA and RAA) were larger in amateur and elite athletes than in controls (P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the two athlete groups. The interventricular septal diameter was mildly higher only in elite female athletes (9 ± 1 mm vs. 8 ± 1 mm, P < 0.001). No difference in the above parameters was found between power and endurance athletes. Three athletes presented with benign myocardial fibrosis in the lower left ventricular (LV)-right ventricle junction point. Conclusions: The hearts of female athletes differed from inactive controls. Part of the changes was related to exercise intensity (LVEDVI and RVEDVI, mild LV muscle thickening), but other changes were not (LAA and RAA). There was no difference in the heart chamber size and LV muscle thickness between studied athletes engaging in power and endurance disciplines. There were also no significant myocardial tissue changes observed in both elite and amateur female athletes.
{"title":"Cardiac Remodeling in Female Athletes with Relation to Sport Discipline and Exercise Dose – A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study","authors":"L. Malek, B. Miłosz-Wieczorek, M. Marczak","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare chronic cardiac adaptations to exercise at various intensities and in different sports categories of female athletes. Methods: This was a retrospective study including 30 elite female athletes (members of the National Team), 14 amateur female athletes training 3-6 h per week for several years, and 20 inactive female controls who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance. Results: Left and right ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDVI and RVEDVI) differed between all studied groups. They rose from controls to elite athletes, with amateur athletes in-between (for LVEDVI 73 ± 9 vs. 83 ± 6 vs. 95 ± 13 ml/m2, P < 0.001, for RVEDVI 74 ± 7 vs. 84 ± 6 vs. 97 ± 14 ml/m2, P < 0.001, respectively). Left and right atrial areas (LAA and RAA) were larger in amateur and elite athletes than in controls (P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the two athlete groups. The interventricular septal diameter was mildly higher only in elite female athletes (9 ± 1 mm vs. 8 ± 1 mm, P < 0.001). No difference in the above parameters was found between power and endurance athletes. Three athletes presented with benign myocardial fibrosis in the lower left ventricular (LV)-right ventricle junction point. Conclusions: The hearts of female athletes differed from inactive controls. Part of the changes was related to exercise intensity (LVEDVI and RVEDVI, mild LV muscle thickening), but other changes were not (LAA and RAA). There was no difference in the heart chamber size and LV muscle thickness between studied athletes engaging in power and endurance disciplines. There were also no significant myocardial tissue changes observed in both elite and amateur female athletes.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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