Pub Date : 2018-11-10DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23898-8_10
E. Todeva
{"title":"The Global Innovation Index as a Measure of Triple Helix Engagement","authors":"E. Todeva","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-23898-8_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23898-8_10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116918914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we examine the relationship between productivity and innovation, using the U.S. manufacturers' patent data from 1976-2006. First, we investigate whether productive firms actively participate in innovation in terms of having more patents. We then examine whether their innovation activities are involved in a wide spectrum of technological categories. Moreover, we are interested in, to successfully develop a new patent in a certain technological field, whether productive firms need to cite more or less patents within the field and/or across various related fields. The firm-level productivity is estimated as the total factor productivity (TFP). We find that: (1) productivity is positively correlated with the number of patents granted and the number of technological categories for these patents; and (2) productivity is positive correlated with the number of citations per granted patent, and is also positively correlated with the number of technological categories for cited patents per granted patent. Whereas the former finding indicates that productive firms actively conduct research and their innovation is involved in different technological fields, the latter suggests that, to develop a new patent, productive firms are capable of learning from cited patents in various technological fields.
{"title":"Innovation, Technology Scope and Firm Productivity","authors":"Jingbo Cui, Xiaogang Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3270200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3270200","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the relationship between productivity and innovation, using the U.S. manufacturers' patent data from 1976-2006. First, we investigate whether productive firms actively participate in innovation in terms of having more patents. We then examine whether their innovation activities are involved in a wide spectrum of technological categories. Moreover, we are interested in, to successfully develop a new patent in a certain technological field, whether productive firms need to cite more or less patents within the field and/or across various related fields. The firm-level productivity is estimated as the total factor productivity (TFP). We find that: (1) productivity is positively correlated with the number of patents granted and the number of technological categories for these patents; and (2) productivity is positive correlated with the number of citations per granted patent, and is also positively correlated with the number of technological categories for cited patents per granted patent. Whereas the former finding indicates that productive firms actively conduct research and their innovation is involved in different technological fields, the latter suggests that, to develop a new patent, productive firms are capable of learning from cited patents in various technological fields.","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122829253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By far, the most popular type of corruption measurements used is Corruption Perception Index published annually since 1995 by Transparency International. We examine whether country differences of the Corruption Perception Index existing in 2003 has narrowed by 2015 and if so, how fast. We deploy the convergence methodology to answer these questions for 129 countries. Results of our analysis indicate that the Corruption Perception Index for 129 countries is conversing toward a catch-up process as well as a reduction of dispersion. However, significant variations are discovered in the speed and timing of the convergence processes for the subgroups of countries defined by income and regions.
{"title":"Does the Corruption Perception Index for 129 Countries Converge Over Time?","authors":"Yu Sang Chang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3098642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3098642","url":null,"abstract":"By far, the most popular type of corruption measurements used is Corruption Perception Index published annually since 1995 by Transparency International. We examine whether country differences of the Corruption Perception Index existing in 2003 has narrowed by 2015 and if so, how fast. We deploy the convergence methodology to answer these questions for 129 countries. Results of our analysis indicate that the Corruption Perception Index for 129 countries is conversing toward a catch-up process as well as a reduction of dispersion. However, significant variations are discovered in the speed and timing of the convergence processes for the subgroups of countries defined by income and regions.","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131250151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.21511/IMFI.14(4).2017.16
Hussein A. Abdou, Wael Abdallah, James Mulkeen, C. Ntim, Yan Wang
Financial strength ratings (FSRs) have become more significant particularly since the recent financial crisis of 2007-09 where rating agencies failed to forecast defaults and the downgrade of some banks. The aim of this paper is to predict Capital Intelligence banks’ financial strength ratings (FSRs) group membership using machine learning and conventional techniques. Here we use five different statistical techniques, namely CHAID, CART, multilayer-perceptron neural networks, discriminant analysis and logistic regression. We also use three different evaluation criteria namely average correct classification rate, misclassification cost and gains charts. Our data is collected from Bankscope database for the Middle Eastern commercial banks by reference to the first decade in the 21st Century. Our findings show that when predicting bank FSRs during the period 2007-2009, discriminant analysis is surprisingly superior to all other techniques used in this paper. When only machine learning techniques are used, CHAID outperform other techniques. In addition, our findings highlight that when a random sample is used to predict bank FSRs, CART outperform all other techniques. Our evaluation criteria have confirmed our findings and both CART and discriminant analysis are superior to other techniques in predicting bank FSRs. This has implications for Middle Eastern banks as we would suggest that improving their bank FSR can improve their presence in the market.
{"title":"Prediction of Financial Strength Ratings Using Machine Learning and Conventional Techniques","authors":"Hussein A. Abdou, Wael Abdallah, James Mulkeen, C. Ntim, Yan Wang","doi":"10.21511/IMFI.14(4).2017.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21511/IMFI.14(4).2017.16","url":null,"abstract":"Financial strength ratings (FSRs) have become more significant particularly since the recent financial crisis of 2007-09 where rating agencies failed to forecast defaults and the downgrade of some banks. The aim of this paper is to predict Capital Intelligence banks’ financial strength ratings (FSRs) group membership using machine learning and conventional techniques. Here we use five different statistical techniques, namely CHAID, CART, multilayer-perceptron neural networks, discriminant analysis and logistic regression. We also use three different evaluation criteria namely average correct classification rate, misclassification cost and gains charts. Our data is collected from Bankscope database for the Middle Eastern commercial banks by reference to the first decade in the 21st Century. Our findings show that when predicting bank FSRs during the period 2007-2009, discriminant analysis is surprisingly superior to all other techniques used in this paper. When only machine learning techniques are used, CHAID outperform other techniques. In addition, our findings highlight that when a random sample is used to predict bank FSRs, CART outperform all other techniques. Our evaluation criteria have confirmed our findings and both CART and discriminant analysis are superior to other techniques in predicting bank FSRs. This has implications for Middle Eastern banks as we would suggest that improving their bank FSR can improve their presence in the market.","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121985819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims to provide theoretical explanations and present empirical evidence about the role of patents in facilitating access to funding in crowdfunding. Drawing on a dataset of 272 projects b...
本文旨在为专利在促进众筹融资获取中的作用提供理论解释和实证证据。利用272个项目的数据集…
{"title":"The Patent Paradox in Crowdfunding: An Empirical Analysis of Kickstarter Data","authors":"A. Meoli, F. Munari, James Bort","doi":"10.1093/ICC/DTZ004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ICC/DTZ004","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to provide theoretical explanations and present empirical evidence about the role of patents in facilitating access to funding in crowdfunding. Drawing on a dataset of 272 projects b...","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132146622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-17DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67229-8_33
N. Rizun, Katarzyna Ossowska, Y. Taranenko
{"title":"Modeling the Customer's Contextual Expectations Based on Latent Semantic Analysis Algorithms","authors":"N. Rizun, Katarzyna Ossowska, Y. Taranenko","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-67229-8_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67229-8_33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129082228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the great importance attributed to Intellectual Capital (IC) in the past two decades or so, its measurement and management have remained elusive, mainly because of inappropriate prior models of IC measurement. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to make adjustments to an existing model, the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), and present an adjusted-VAIC model to measure IC. We tested our new model on data from ten emerging and developed markets of the world and obtained more consistent results than prior studies. Our results indicate a significant positive relationship between IC and its components (human, innovation and physical capitals) and firm performance. Therefore, the Adjusted-VAIC can be used with confidence to measure IC. Our study has important implications for both academia and industry concerning the measurement of IC.
{"title":"If You Can Measure It, You Can Manage It: A Case of Intellectual Capital","authors":"Muhammad Nadeem, John Dumay, M. Massaro","doi":"10.1111/auar.12227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12227","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the great importance attributed to Intellectual Capital (IC) in the past two decades or so, its measurement and management have remained elusive, mainly because of inappropriate prior models of IC measurement. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to make adjustments to an existing model, the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), and present an adjusted-VAIC model to measure IC. We tested our new model on data from ten emerging and developed markets of the world and obtained more consistent results than prior studies. Our results indicate a significant positive relationship between IC and its components (human, innovation and physical capitals) and firm performance. Therefore, the Adjusted-VAIC can be used with confidence to measure IC. Our study has important implications for both academia and industry concerning the measurement of IC.","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131241691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite indicators are increasingly important in country comparisons and in policy making. At the same time, the robustness of the results obtained and in particular of the rankings and the conclusions obtained from the analysis it is usually accepted with doubts. In this sense our proposal is to use interval data in order to measure the uncertainty related to the different composite indicators based on the different assumptions used as input. In this sense where composite indicators can be considered as models, for this reason it could be necessary to assess the uncertainties related to the different choices in the construction. The uncertainty can be represented by the interval data. The intervals keep the information related to the initial value of the composite indicator, but at the same time give information on the range of the results.
{"title":"Interval Based Composite Indicators","authors":"Carlo Drago","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3026021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3026021","url":null,"abstract":"Composite indicators are increasingly important in country comparisons and in policy making. At the same time, the robustness of the results obtained and in particular of the rankings and the conclusions obtained from the analysis it is usually accepted with doubts. In this sense our proposal is to use interval data in order to measure the uncertainty related to the different composite indicators based on the different assumptions used as input. In this sense where composite indicators can be considered as models, for this reason it could be necessary to assess the uncertainties related to the different choices in the construction. The uncertainty can be represented by the interval data. The intervals keep the information related to the initial value of the composite indicator, but at the same time give information on the range of the results.","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128613630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Piñeiro-Sánchez, P. D. L. Monelos, Manuel Rodríguez - López
This study examines whether IT resources and capabilities affect the risk of bankruptcy of SMEs. Drawing on previous literature on bankruptcy and the resource-based view of the firm (RBV), we offer conclusive evidence of the influence of IT resources on financial health, as measured by the odds of filing for bankruptcy within a certain period of time. Flexibility, Internet-related abilities, cooperation/networking, and management skills are consistent with huge reductions in the risk of bankruptcy, implying that they are high value resources. Our results also stress that companies should pay attention to the development of bundles of complementary IT assets and capabilities, to create synergies and leverage IT resources. From a methodological point of view, we reveal new links between organization literature and previous research on bankruptcy; our innovative measure of performance can be a valuable tool for future research in both fields.
{"title":"IT Investments and Financial Performance, a Review: The Bankruptcy Perspective","authors":"Carlos Piñeiro-Sánchez, P. D. L. Monelos, Manuel Rodríguez - López","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3493743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3493743","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether IT resources and capabilities affect the risk of bankruptcy of SMEs. Drawing on previous literature on bankruptcy and the resource-based view of the firm (RBV), we offer conclusive evidence of the influence of IT resources on financial health, as measured by the odds of filing for bankruptcy within a certain period of time. Flexibility, Internet-related abilities, cooperation/networking, and management skills are consistent with huge reductions in the risk of bankruptcy, implying that they are high value resources. Our results also stress that companies should pay attention to the development of bundles of complementary IT assets and capabilities, to create synergies and leverage IT resources. From a methodological point of view, we reveal new links between organization literature and previous research on bankruptcy; our innovative measure of performance can be a valuable tool for future research in both fields.","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130152142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohui (Janet) Hao, Bart van Ark, Ataman Ozyildirim
This paper reviews existing innovation metrics at the company-level and country-level, and proposes a system of signposts of innovation to help executives with a guiding framework and data resources for evaluating and planning innovation strategies and activities. The scope of the review is intentionally very broad, ranging from academic papers, policy papers, reports by consulting firms, reports by innovative firms, and magazine articles to capture a holistic view of the complexity of innovation activities that today’s businesses undertake. We also incorporate input from The Conference Board members’ perspectives identifying some of the most important metrics they currently use or need in the future and identifying signposts around which these metrics are organized. The proposed framework is comprised of six major signposts of innovation (technology, digitization, environmental & social sustainability, customer experience and branding, internal innovation networks, external innovation ecosystems), captures major areas of innovation activities throughout the life-cycle of innovation, and reflects the complexity of new generations of innovation models.
{"title":"Signposts of Innovation: A Review of Innovation Metrics","authors":"Xiaohui (Janet) Hao, Bart van Ark, Ataman Ozyildirim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2970648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2970648","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews existing innovation metrics at the company-level and country-level, and proposes a system of signposts of innovation to help executives with a guiding framework and data resources for evaluating and planning innovation strategies and activities. The scope of the review is intentionally very broad, ranging from academic papers, policy papers, reports by consulting firms, reports by innovative firms, and magazine articles to capture a holistic view of the complexity of innovation activities that today’s businesses undertake. We also incorporate input from The Conference Board members’ perspectives identifying some of the most important metrics they currently use or need in the future and identifying signposts around which these metrics are organized. The proposed framework is comprised of six major signposts of innovation (technology, digitization, environmental & social sustainability, customer experience and branding, internal innovation networks, external innovation ecosystems), captures major areas of innovation activities throughout the life-cycle of innovation, and reflects the complexity of new generations of innovation models.","PeriodicalId":346559,"journal":{"name":"Innovation Measurement & Indicators eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127931405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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