Every human processes a set of mental schemas for problem solving. We develop and improve these schemas by reflecting on our experiences with errors, which is a type of metacognition (Kayashima, 2008). In this study, we proposed a cognitive model of this "self-reflection" process based on Kayashima's two-layer working memory model, and developed a food recommender system using our cognitive model. In the test simulation, the users were satisfied with the foods that the system recommended, although the recommendation results were unexpected to the users. This implied the system practically worked to satisfy the user's expectation. On the other hand, the candidate recommendations which the system selected as its final output were different from those provided by the users. This suggests that the cognitive model needs improvement in terms of psychological reality.
{"title":"Construction of Recommender System based on Cognitive Model for \"Self-Reflection\"","authors":"Yoshimasa Tawatsuji, Y. Yasuda, T. Matsui","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132612","url":null,"abstract":"Every human processes a set of mental schemas for problem solving. We develop and improve these schemas by reflecting on our experiences with errors, which is a type of metacognition (Kayashima, 2008). In this study, we proposed a cognitive model of this \"self-reflection\" process based on Kayashima's two-layer working memory model, and developed a food recommender system using our cognitive model. In the test simulation, the users were satisfied with the foods that the system recommended, although the recommendation results were unexpected to the users. This implied the system practically worked to satisfy the user's expectation. On the other hand, the candidate recommendations which the system selected as its final output were different from those provided by the users. This suggests that the cognitive model needs improvement in terms of psychological reality.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130308495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takahiro Tanaka, Kazuhiro Fujikake, T. Yonekawa, Misako Yamagishi, Makoto Inagami, Fumiya Kinoshita, H. Aoki, H. Kanamori
In recent years, the number of traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers has increased in Japan. However, a car is an important mode of transportation for the elderly. Therefore, to ensure safe driving, a system that can assist elderly drivers is required. In this study, we propose a driver-agent system that provides support to elderly drivers during and after driving and encourages them to improve their driving. This paper describes the prototype system based on the analysis of the teaching records of a human instructor, and the subjective evaluation of driving support to elderly driver from three different agent forms, a voice, visual, and robot. The result revealed the robot form is more noticeable, familiar, and acceptable to the elderly than other forms.
{"title":"Driver Agent for Encouraging Safe Driving Behavior for the Elderly","authors":"Takahiro Tanaka, Kazuhiro Fujikake, T. Yonekawa, Misako Yamagishi, Makoto Inagami, Fumiya Kinoshita, H. Aoki, H. Kanamori","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125743","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the number of traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers has increased in Japan. However, a car is an important mode of transportation for the elderly. Therefore, to ensure safe driving, a system that can assist elderly drivers is required. In this study, we propose a driver-agent system that provides support to elderly drivers during and after driving and encourages them to improve their driving. This paper describes the prototype system based on the analysis of the teaching records of a human instructor, and the subjective evaluation of driving support to elderly driver from three different agent forms, a voice, visual, and robot. The result revealed the robot form is more noticeable, familiar, and acceptable to the elderly than other forms.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128303610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Yeh, P. Ratsamee, K. Kiyokawa, Yuuki Uranishi, T. Mashita, H. Takemura, M. Fjeld, M. Obaid
We present a human-centered designed social drone aiming to be used in a human crowd environment. Based on design studies and focus groups, we created a prototype of a social drone with a social shape, face and voice for human interaction. We used the prototype for a proxemic study, comparing the required distance from the drone humans could comfortably accept compared with what they would require for a nonsocial drone. The social shaped design with greeting voice added decreased the acceptable distance markedly, as did present or previous pet ownership, and maleness. We also explored the proximity sphere around humans with a social shaped drone based on a validation study with variation of lateral distance and heights. Both lateral distance and the higher height of 1.8 m compared to the lower height of 1.2 m decreased the required comfortable distance as it approached.
{"title":"Exploring Proxemics for Human-Drone Interaction","authors":"Alexander Yeh, P. Ratsamee, K. Kiyokawa, Yuuki Uranishi, T. Mashita, H. Takemura, M. Fjeld, M. Obaid","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125773","url":null,"abstract":"We present a human-centered designed social drone aiming to be used in a human crowd environment. Based on design studies and focus groups, we created a prototype of a social drone with a social shape, face and voice for human interaction. We used the prototype for a proxemic study, comparing the required distance from the drone humans could comfortably accept compared with what they would require for a nonsocial drone. The social shaped design with greeting voice added decreased the acceptable distance markedly, as did present or previous pet ownership, and maleness. We also explored the proximity sphere around humans with a social shaped drone based on a validation study with variation of lateral distance and heights. Both lateral distance and the higher height of 1.8 m compared to the lower height of 1.2 m decreased the required comfortable distance as it approached.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126309552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid technical advancements have led to dramatically improved abilities for artificial agents, and thus opened up for new ways of cooperation between humans and them, from disembodied agents such as Siris to virtual avatars, robot companions, and autonomous vehicles. It is therefore relevant to study not only how to maintain appropriate cooperation, but also where the responsibility for this resides and/or may be affected. While there are previous organisations and categorisations of agents and HAI research into taxonomies, situations with highly responsible artificial agents are rarely covered. Here, we propose a way to categorise agents in terms of such responsibility and agent autonomy, which covers the range of cooperation from humans getting help from agents to humans providing help for the agents. In the resulting diagram presented in this paper, it is possible to relate different kinds of agents with other taxonomies and typical properties. A particular advantage of this taxonomy is that it highlights under what conditions certain effects known to modulate the relationship between agents (such as the protégé effect or the "we"-feeling) arise.
{"title":"Agent Autonomy and Locus of Responsibility for Team Situation Awareness","authors":"E. Lagerstedt, M. Riveiro, Serge Thill","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125768","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid technical advancements have led to dramatically improved abilities for artificial agents, and thus opened up for new ways of cooperation between humans and them, from disembodied agents such as Siris to virtual avatars, robot companions, and autonomous vehicles. It is therefore relevant to study not only how to maintain appropriate cooperation, but also where the responsibility for this resides and/or may be affected. While there are previous organisations and categorisations of agents and HAI research into taxonomies, situations with highly responsible artificial agents are rarely covered. Here, we propose a way to categorise agents in terms of such responsibility and agent autonomy, which covers the range of cooperation from humans getting help from agents to humans providing help for the agents. In the resulting diagram presented in this paper, it is possible to relate different kinds of agents with other taxonomies and typical properties. A particular advantage of this taxonomy is that it highlights under what conditions certain effects known to modulate the relationship between agents (such as the protégé effect or the \"we\"-feeling) arise.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115873055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masato Fukuda, Hung-Hsuan Huang, Naoki Ohta, K. Kuwabara
The training program of high school teachers in Japan lacks the chance to practice teaching skills and the admission of classes. The result is, many young teachers left their jobs in the first year due to frustration and other mental issues. In order to relieve this issue, we are running a project to develop a platform of virtual school environment and virtual students which allows the teacher trainees to practice with. As part of this platform, in order to send feedbacks to the trainee to stimulate them to improve their performance, we propose the use of the whole group of virtual students to generate per- ceivable atmospheres. Three research issues then emerge:(1) Whether the atmospheres in a classroom can be expressed in a computational (parameterized) model? (2) If the answer to (1) is 'yes', what are the elements to construct atmospheres? (3) The perception of atmospheres can be considered as very subjective, how to make the model objective becomes the last research issue. This paper presents our investigation on these issues and propose a parameterized atmosphere generation model based on empirical results.
{"title":"Proposal of a Parameterized Atmosphere Generation Model in a Virtual Classroom","authors":"Masato Fukuda, Hung-Hsuan Huang, Naoki Ohta, K. Kuwabara","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125776","url":null,"abstract":"The training program of high school teachers in Japan lacks the chance to practice teaching skills and the admission of classes. The result is, many young teachers left their jobs in the first year due to frustration and other mental issues. In order to relieve this issue, we are running a project to develop a platform of virtual school environment and virtual students which allows the teacher trainees to practice with. As part of this platform, in order to send feedbacks to the trainee to stimulate them to improve their performance, we propose the use of the whole group of virtual students to generate per- ceivable atmospheres. Three research issues then emerge:(1) Whether the atmospheres in a classroom can be expressed in a computational (parameterized) model? (2) If the answer to (1) is 'yes', what are the elements to construct atmospheres? (3) The perception of atmospheres can be considered as very subjective, how to make the model objective becomes the last research issue. This paper presents our investigation on these issues and propose a parameterized atmosphere generation model based on empirical results.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126932747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Kyaw Thu, Takuya Ishida, N. Iwahashi, Tomoaki Nakamura, T. Nagai
This paper proposes a new approach for research on chat-like conversational systems that enable robots to acquire physically grounded knowledge through natural interaction with humans. The proposed approach combines research on chat-like conversational systems, language acquisition, and symbol grounding in order to realize physically situated and natural human-robot interaction. In contrast to previous approaches for chat-like conversation, the proposed approach focuses on utterances which are situated in physical environments surrounding humans and robots. Based on the proposed approach, we develop a concrete method that enables robots to learn object image concepts and the words describe them from object-teaching utterances made by humans. The method is composed of two processes:(1) the detection of object-teaching utterances from chat-like conversation and (2) the learning of object image concepts and the words describing them. It applies a linear support vector machine, multimodal hierarchical Dirichlet process, and term frequency-inverse document frequency process. The experimental results show that the method enabled robots to learn object image concepts and the words that describe them through multimodal chat-like interactions with humans.
{"title":"Symbol Grounding from Natural Conversation for Human-Robot Communication","authors":"Ye Kyaw Thu, Takuya Ishida, N. Iwahashi, Tomoaki Nakamura, T. Nagai","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132611","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new approach for research on chat-like conversational systems that enable robots to acquire physically grounded knowledge through natural interaction with humans. The proposed approach combines research on chat-like conversational systems, language acquisition, and symbol grounding in order to realize physically situated and natural human-robot interaction. In contrast to previous approaches for chat-like conversation, the proposed approach focuses on utterances which are situated in physical environments surrounding humans and robots. Based on the proposed approach, we develop a concrete method that enables robots to learn object image concepts and the words describe them from object-teaching utterances made by humans. The method is composed of two processes:(1) the detection of object-teaching utterances from chat-like conversation and (2) the learning of object image concepts and the words describing them. It applies a linear support vector machine, multimodal hierarchical Dirichlet process, and term frequency-inverse document frequency process. The experimental results show that the method enabled robots to learn object image concepts and the words that describe them through multimodal chat-like interactions with humans.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116585862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper explores the interactional dynamics within groups of visitors (children & adults) who are interacting with an autonomous museum guide robot. Using the example of question-answer sequences, analysis reveals that 'answering' tends to be a process of interactional negotiation at the end of which a 'result' is addressed to the robot. This process, however, is often not transparent to the robot and considered solely as "silence" which leads to the disregard of the users' attempts to provide an answer.
{"title":"Interactional Dynamics in User Groups: Answering a Robot's Question in Adult-Child Constellations","authors":"K. Pitsch, R. Gehle, T. Dankert, S. Wrede","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132604","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the interactional dynamics within groups of visitors (children & adults) who are interacting with an autonomous museum guide robot. Using the example of question-answer sequences, analysis reveals that 'answering' tends to be a process of interactional negotiation at the end of which a 'result' is addressed to the robot. This process, however, is often not transparent to the robot and considered solely as \"silence\" which leads to the disregard of the users' attempts to provide an answer.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116608259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endowing assistant systems with more autonomy establishes the transition from a human-controlled tool towards a self-directed agent capable of own decisions and goals. In this concept paper we suggest to perform the design of such an assistant agent according to principles of cooperativity. We first review definitions of cooperation between animals, humans and machines and then discuss advantages of cooperation also for a human-machine interaction system. We concentrate on the important roles of adaptivity and responsibility within the interaction. We argue that main benefits of a cooperative design are alleviation of typical automation issues like controllability, complacency, trust, and greater flexibility of the combined human-machine system in tasks with high variability.
{"title":"From Tools Towards Cooperative Assistants","authors":"Matti Krüger, Christiane B. Wiebel, H. Wersing","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125753","url":null,"abstract":"Endowing assistant systems with more autonomy establishes the transition from a human-controlled tool towards a self-directed agent capable of own decisions and goals. In this concept paper we suggest to perform the design of such an assistant agent according to principles of cooperativity. We first review definitions of cooperation between animals, humans and machines and then discuss advantages of cooperation also for a human-machine interaction system. We concentrate on the important roles of adaptivity and responsibility within the interaction. We argue that main benefits of a cooperative design are alleviation of typical automation issues like controllability, complacency, trust, and greater flexibility of the combined human-machine system in tasks with high variability.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123819478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we investigated the nature of the triadic interaction between persons within a cooperative play by utilizing a panel-type robot platform, INAMO. INAMO generates its movement by a joystick that triggers acceleration of the flywheels where their rotation enables the robot to move around the electromagnets which provide connection of two INAMOs. We set up an experiment based on a cooperative play mediated by INAMOs to examine the effects of a common task and a social reference on subjects' controlling skills, communication each other and interestingness of the game. We also analyzed the performance of the subjects and their impressions on the cooperative play. The results demonstrated that the existence of a common task and the social reference have significant effects on such triadic interactions.
{"title":"Communication Fundamentals within a Triadic Interaction in a Cooperative Play Mediated by INAMO","authors":"Masato Kagawa, Nihan Karatas, M. Okada","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132602","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the nature of the triadic interaction between persons within a cooperative play by utilizing a panel-type robot platform, INAMO. INAMO generates its movement by a joystick that triggers acceleration of the flywheels where their rotation enables the robot to move around the electromagnets which provide connection of two INAMOs. We set up an experiment based on a cooperative play mediated by INAMOs to examine the effects of a common task and a social reference on subjects' controlling skills, communication each other and interestingness of the game. We also analyzed the performance of the subjects and their impressions on the cooperative play. The results demonstrated that the existence of a common task and the social reference have significant effects on such triadic interactions.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128345120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on two contrasting case analyses we describe practices of handling long utterances, i.e. turn increments produced by users. The strategies to handle long utterances are executed by a human wizard in the context of a speech-based assistive system and reveal specific characteristics of human-human-interaction like precise timing that are not easily implemented into a technical system. The preliminary analysis shows two basic strategies of handling long utterances:1) to interrupt and 2) to wait-and-see. But the fine-grained analysis of the participants' perspective shows yet another dimension when evaluating forms of handling turn increments:depending on whether user input was taken up and so, the initiated action is continued, even interruptions (at uncommon points in interaction) are socially accepted by users. In contrast, the socially 'safe' strategy to wait-and-see might even cause trouble, when the jointly worked on task is not continued by the system.
{"title":"Dealing with Long Utterances: How to Interrupt the User in a Socially Acceptable Manner?","authors":"Katharina Cyra, K. Pitsch","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132586","url":null,"abstract":"Based on two contrasting case analyses we describe practices of handling long utterances, i.e. turn increments produced by users. The strategies to handle long utterances are executed by a human wizard in the context of a speech-based assistive system and reveal specific characteristics of human-human-interaction like precise timing that are not easily implemented into a technical system. The preliminary analysis shows two basic strategies of handling long utterances:1) to interrupt and 2) to wait-and-see. But the fine-grained analysis of the participants' perspective shows yet another dimension when evaluating forms of handling turn increments:depending on whether user input was taken up and so, the initiated action is continued, even interruptions (at uncommon points in interaction) are socially accepted by users. In contrast, the socially 'safe' strategy to wait-and-see might even cause trouble, when the jointly worked on task is not continued by the system.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134583543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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