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Adaptive Behavior Generation for Conversational Robot in Human-Robot Negotiation Environment 人机协商环境下会话机器人自适应行为生成
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3125741
M. Lopez, Komei Hasegawa, M. Imai
This study addresses human-robot interactions in a controlled negotiation environment. The aim is to prove that a robot, given its limitations, can win a non-equilibrium based negotiation against a human by convincing him/her. To do so, a behavioral model based on decision trees is proposed, which chooses behavior and action of the robot adaptively depending on the circumstances, robot's intention and human's past response. An experiment under two conditions was conducted:one where the robot was set to play the Desert Survival Situation negotiation game against 10 humans; and one where the robot was compared to other system with the same knowledge about the game but without the behavioral and action generator model. The extracted conclusions were that the robot could win the game in most of the cases, convincing the human. The results also show that its performance is significantly better than the human's and that the other system's robot.
本研究探讨了受控谈判环境下的人机交互。其目的是证明一个机器人,在其局限性下,可以通过说服他/她来赢得基于非平衡的谈判。为此,提出了一种基于决策树的行为模型,该模型根据环境、机器人的意图和人类过去的反应自适应地选择机器人的行为和动作。在两种情况下进行实验:一种情况下,机器人与10名人类进行沙漠生存谈判游戏;其中一个是将机器人与其他系统进行比较,这些系统具有相同的游戏知识,但没有行为和动作生成器模型。得出的结论是,机器人在大多数情况下都能赢得比赛,让人类信服。结果还表明,它的性能明显优于人类和其他系统的机器人。
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引用次数: 2
Physiological Expression of Robots Enhancing Users' Emotion in Direct and Indirect Communication 机器人在直接和间接交流中增强用户情感的生理表达
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3132609
Naoto Yoshida, Tomoko Yonezawa
One of the important factors in medical and nursing care recently has been arousing the emotions of patients. Many types of communication robots and pet robots have been developed as communication partners for patients. The user's emotions are stimulated during direct communication with the robot, although there is less chance that the robot will approach the user in other situations such as watching TV and listening to music without disturbing him or her.The user feels that the robot is troublesome during the user's other tasks. The purpose of this research is to elevate the user's emotional experience through emotional expression by physiological expressions of a partner robot in the user's daily life. Ambient but emotional expressions of physiological phenomena are perceived by touch, even when the user is concentrating on other tasks. First, we focused on breathing, heartbeat and body temperature as the physiological phenomena. From the results of the evaluations of the robot's heartbeat and body temperature, along with our previous results for the breathing, each expression has arousal and pleasure axes of the robot's situation. In this paper, we focus on The joint attention of the robot and user to an emotional photograph, and we verified whether the strength of the user's own emotional response to the content was changed by the physiological expressions of the robot while they looked at photographs together. The results suggest that the physiological expression of the robot would make the common emotional experience of users the user's own emotion in the experience more excited and more relaxed.
近年来,唤起患者的情绪已成为医疗护理中的一个重要因素。作为患者的交流伙伴,许多类型的交流机器人和宠物机器人已经被开发出来。在与机器人直接交流的过程中,用户的情绪会受到刺激,尽管在看电视和听音乐等其他情况下,机器人接近用户而不打扰用户的可能性较小。用户觉得机器人在用户做其他任务时很麻烦。本研究的目的是通过伴侣机器人在用户日常生活中的生理表情来表达情感,提升用户的情感体验。即使当用户专注于其他任务时,也可以通过触摸感知生理现象的环境情感表达。首先,我们把呼吸、心跳和体温作为生理现象。根据对机器人心跳和体温的评估结果,以及我们之前对呼吸的评估结果,每个表情都有机器人处境的唤醒轴和愉悦轴。在本文中,我们关注的是机器人和用户对一张情感照片的共同关注,我们验证了用户在一起看照片时,机器人的生理表情是否会改变用户自身对内容的情感反应强度。结果表明,机器人的生理表达会使用户共同的情感体验,即用户在体验中自身的情感更加兴奋和放松。
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引用次数: 6
Building a Bridge with a Robot: A System for Collaborative On-table Task Execution 与机器人搭建桥梁:协同桌面任务执行系统
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3132606
R. Schulz, Philipp Kratzer, Marc Toussaint
It is possible to build highly accurate and mobile robots able to perceive their environment. Such robots can be used to assist humans in everyday tasks to reduce their workload. As a consequence, communication and interaction between humans and robots is becoming more important. In this paper we present a system for human-robot collaboration for on-table tasks. Due to its extensible design our system serves us as a base for further investigations in human-robot collaboration. We used the system to implement five action-selection strategies for the robot:proactive, autonomous, reactive, human-requested and human-commands. We conducted a pilot study to compare the interaction modes during a task in which the human and the robot build a bridge using blocks. The results of the pilot study indicate that for the simple bridge-building task, people prefer to interact with a robot using the proactive action-selection strategy. The completion of the pilot study indicates that the system is useful for human-robot collaboration studies. Several limitations have been identified that will be addressed in future developments.
制造出能够感知周围环境的高精度移动机器人是可能的。这样的机器人可以用来帮助人类完成日常任务,减少他们的工作量。因此,人与机器人之间的交流和互动变得越来越重要。在本文中,我们提出了一个人机协作的表上任务系统。由于其可扩展的设计,我们的系统为我们进一步研究人机协作提供了基础。我们使用该系统实现了机器人的五种动作选择策略:主动、自主、被动、人为请求和人为命令。我们进行了一项试点研究,以比较人类和机器人在使用积木建造桥梁的任务中的交互模式。初步研究结果表明,对于简单的架桥任务,人们更倾向于使用主动行动选择策略与机器人互动。初步研究的完成表明该系统可用于人机协作研究。已经确定了几个限制,将在未来的开发中加以解决。
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引用次数: 8
Collaborative Robots Learning Spatial Language for Picking and Placing Objects on a Table 协作机器人学习空间语言来挑选和放置桌子上的物体
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3132579
R. Schulz
A shared understanding of language will assist natural interactions between humans and artificial agents or robots undertaking collaborative tasks. An important domain for collaborative armed robots is interacting with humans and objects on a table, for example, picking, placing, or handing over a variety of objects. Such tasks combine object representation and movement planning in the geometric domain with abstract reasoning about symbolic spatial representations. This paper presents an initial study in which a human partner teaches the robot words for spatial relationships by providing exemplars and indicating where words may be used over the surface. This study demonstrates how robots can be taught the words required for these tasks in a quick and simple manner that allows the concepts to be generalizable over different surfaces, objects, and object placements.
对语言的共同理解将有助于人类与人工代理或机器人之间进行协作任务的自然交互。协作式武装机器人的一个重要领域是与桌子上的人和物体进行交互,例如,挑选、放置或移交各种物体。这类任务将几何领域的对象表示和运动规划与符号空间表示的抽象推理结合起来。本文提出了一个初步的研究,在这个研究中,一个人类伴侣通过提供范例和指示在表面上可以使用单词来教机器人空间关系的单词。这项研究展示了如何以一种快速简单的方式教授机器人完成这些任务所需的单词,从而使概念可以在不同的表面、物体和物体位置上进行推广。
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引用次数: 6
Indirect Control of User's E-learning Motivation by Controlling Activity Ratio of Multiple Agents 通过控制多智能体活动比间接控制用户在线学习动机
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3125748
Tomoko Yonezawa, Naoto Yoshida, Kaoru Maeda
In this research, we propose a system that shows a group of multiple agents as other learners to the e-leaning user. For continuous learning in e-learning, promoting the user's motivation for learning and appropriate breaks are considered to improve the user's work efficiency. The proposed system controls the proportion of the agents' behaviors in their group by allocating the state of study--either studying or taking a break--for each agent in order to indirectly indicate concentration or appropriate breaks. Consequently, the system offers multiple actions, but the user has room to make the choice regarding the action. Depending on the concentration degree and the duration of study of the user, the necessity of a break is calculated. That is used to control the ratio of agents who have a break and to avoid the forced feeling resulting from only one action being presented by a single agent. In this paper, we examined how the ratio of behavior in the agent group influences the user. As a result, a greater ratio of studying to resting in the group influenced the participants' behaviors.
在这项研究中,我们提出了一个系统,该系统将一组多个智能体作为其他学习者展示给电子学习用户。对于e-learning中的持续学习,要考虑提高用户的学习动机和适当的休息时间,以提高用户的工作效率。所提出的系统通过分配每个代理的学习状态(学习或休息)来控制代理在其组中的行为比例,以间接指示集中或适当的休息。因此,系统提供了多种操作,但用户可以根据操作做出选择。根据使用者的集中程度和学习时间,计算出休息的必要性。这是用于控制中断的代理的比例,并避免由于单个代理只呈现一个动作而产生的强迫感觉。在本文中,我们研究了代理群体中的行为比例如何影响用户。因此,在小组中,学习与休息的比例越大,影响参与者的行为。
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引用次数: 5
Humanoid Robot Instructors for Industrial Assembly Tasks 工业装配任务的人形机器人指导员
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3125760
Thomas Quitter, A. Mostafa, D'Arcy Norman, André Miede, E. Sharlin, Patrick Finn
We are interested in the interactive aspects of deploying humanoid robots as instructors for industrial assembly tasks. Training for industrial assembly requires workers to become familiar with all steps of the assembly process, including learning and reproducing new tasks, before they can be employed in a production line. The derived challenges in current practice are limited availability of skilled instructors, and the need for attention to specific workers' training needs. In this paper, we propose the use of humanoid robots in teaching assembly tasks to workers while also providing a quality learning experience. We offer an assembly robotic instructor prototype based on a Baxter humanoid, and the results of a study conducted with the prototype teaching the assembly of a simple gearbox.
我们对部署人形机器人作为工业装配任务的指导员的交互方面感兴趣。工业装配培训要求工人熟悉装配过程的所有步骤,包括学习和重复新的任务,然后才能在生产线上工作。目前实践中产生的挑战是缺乏熟练的教员,需要注意具体的工人培训需要。在本文中,我们建议使用人形机器人来教授工人装配任务,同时也提供高质量的学习体验。我们提供了一个基于百特类人机器人的装配机器人教练原型,以及与原型进行的一项研究的结果,该原型教授简单齿轮箱的装配。
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引用次数: 2
Investigating Design Implications Towards a Social Robot as a Memory Trainer 研究社交机器人作为记忆训练器的设计含义
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3125755
Linda Hirsch, Anton Björsell, Mikael Laaksoharju, M. Obaid
Most currently existing tools for cognitive memory therapy require physical interaction or at least the presence of another person. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether a social robot might be an acceptable solution for a more inclusive therapy for people with memory disorder and severe physical limitations. Applying a user-centered design approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with five healthcare professionals; four medical doctors and a psychologist, in three iterations followed by a focus group activity. An analysis of the collected data suggests several implications for design with an emphasis on embodiment, social skills, interaction, and memory training exercises.
大多数现有的认知记忆治疗工具都需要身体互动,或者至少需要另一个人在场。本文的目的是研究社交机器人是否可能成为一种可接受的解决方案,为患有记忆障碍和严重身体限制的人提供更具包容性的治疗。采用以用户为中心的设计方法,我们对五名医疗保健专业人员进行了半结构化访谈;四名医生和一名心理学家,三次重复,然后是焦点小组活动。对收集到的数据的分析表明,设计的重点在于体现、社交技能、互动和记忆训练。
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引用次数: 7
Emotion Recognition from Body Expressions with a Neural Network Architecture 基于神经网络结构的身体表情情感识别
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3125772
Nourhan Elfaramawy, Pablo V. A. Barros, G. I. Parisi, S. Wermter
The recognition of emotions plays an important role in our daily life and is essential for social communication. Although multiple studies have shown that body expressions can strongly convey emotional states, emotion recognition from body motion patterns has received less attention than the use of facial expressions. In this paper, we propose a self-organizing neural architecture that can effectively recognize affective states from full-body motion patterns. To evaluate our system, we designed and collected a data corpus named the Body Expressions of Emotion (BEE) dataset using a depth sensor in a human-robot interaction scenario. For our recordings, nineteen participants were asked to perform six different emotions:anger, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness, and surprise. In order to compare our system with human-like performance, we conducted an additional experiment by asking fifteen annotators to label depth map video sequences as one of the six emotion classes. The labeling results from human annotators were compared to the results predicted by our system. Experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of the system was competitive with human performance when exposed to body motion patterns from the same dataset.
情感的识别在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用,对社会交流至关重要。尽管多项研究表明,身体表情可以强烈地传达情绪状态,但与面部表情的使用相比,身体动作模式的情绪识别受到的关注较少。在本文中,我们提出了一种自组织神经结构,可以有效地从全身运动模式中识别情感状态。为了评估我们的系统,我们在人机交互场景中使用深度传感器设计并收集了一个名为身体情绪表达(BEE)数据集的数据语料库。在我们的录音中,19名参与者被要求表现出六种不同的情绪:愤怒、恐惧、快乐、中性、悲伤和惊讶。为了将我们的系统与人类的表现进行比较,我们进行了一个额外的实验,要求15个注释者将深度图视频序列标记为六种情感类别之一。将人类标注者的标注结果与系统预测的结果进行比较。实验结果表明,当暴露于同一数据集的身体运动模式时,该系统的识别精度与人类的识别精度相当。
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引用次数: 22
Investigation of Approach to Others for Modeling of Physical Interaction by Communication Needs 基于沟通需求的物理交互建模的他人方法研究
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3125769
Genta Yoshioka, Yugo Takeuchi
Communication, which begins by a consignor who verifies the signal of the communication needs and a receiver who recognizes it, is one element in the construction of relationships with others. Expression through language is effective for beginning to communicate with others. However, such expressions might produce social risk, because language expressions are explicit signals that cannot often ignore the receiver's communication needs. For example, the fatigue caused by social networking is one social risk that obstructs the construction of amicable relations. Instead, people often communicate by nonverbal expressions that provide vague information to reduce such risks. In this study, we analyze physical interaction based on mutual communication needs and build a model that will establish more sustainable relationships. We investigated the adjustment of the necessary communication needs to make a model in this experiment. We tested in a situation where we coordinated the communication needs using a mannequin. In this experiment, participants approached it, went around it, and started communication from a position that showed more intimacy to a partner when the partner's communication needs are low.
沟通是与他人建立关系的一个要素,它始于发货人对沟通需求的信号进行核实,并由接收人对其进行识别。通过语言表达对于开始与他人交流是有效的。然而,这样的表达式可能产生的社会风险,因为语言表达明确的信号,不能经常忽略接收机的通信需求。例如,社交网络带来的疲劳是一种阻碍友好关系建设的社会风险。相反,人们通常通过提供模糊信息的非语言表达来减少这种风险。在本研究中,我们分析了基于相互沟通需求的身体互动,并建立了一个模型,将建立更可持续的关系。在本实验中,我们研究了必要通信需求的调整,并制作了一个模型。我们在使用人体模型协调沟通需求的情况下进行了测试。在这个实验中,参与者走近它,绕过它,当伴侣的交流需求较低时,从一个对伴侣表现出更亲密的位置开始交流。
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引用次数: 0
Improving Relationships Based on Positive Politeness Between Humans and Life-Like Agents 基于积极礼貌的人类与仿生体之间关系的改善
Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1145/3125739.3132585
T. Miyamoto, D. Katagami, Y. Shigemitsu
In interpersonal interactions, humans speak in part by considering their social distance and position with respect to other people, thereby developing relationships. In our research, we focus on positive politeness (PP), a strategy for positively reducing the distance people in human communication using language. In addition, we propose an agent that attempts to actively interact with humans. First, we design a dialog system based on the politeness theory. Next, we examine the effect of our proposed method on interactions. For our experiments, we implemented two agents:the method proposed for performing PP and a conventional method that performs negative politeness based on the unobjectionable behavior. We then compare and analyze impressions of experiment participants in response to the two agents. From our results, male participants accepted PP more frequently than female participants. Further, the proposed method lowered the perceived sense of interacting with a machine for male participants.
在人际交往中,人们说话的部分原因是考虑到自己与他人的社会距离和地位,从而发展关系。在我们的研究中,我们将重点放在积极礼貌(PP)上,这是一种积极减少人们在语言交流中的距离的策略。此外,我们提出了一种尝试与人类积极互动的代理。首先,我们设计了一个基于礼貌理论的对话系统。接下来,我们检查我们提出的方法对相互作用的影响。在我们的实验中,我们实现了两个代理:执行PP的方法和基于不令人反感的行为执行消极礼貌的传统方法。然后,我们比较和分析实验参与者对两个代理的反应印象。从我们的结果来看,男性参与者比女性参与者更频繁地接受PP。此外,该方法还降低了男性参与者与机器互动的感知感。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction
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