The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of lexical entrainment while communicating with a conversational agent. We consider two types of cognitive information processing:top-down processing, which depends on prior knowledge, and bottom-up processing, which depends on one's partners' behavior. Each works mutually complementarily in interpersonal cognition. It was hypothesized that we will separate each method of processing because of the agent's behavior. We designed a word choice task where participants and the agent described pictures and selected them alternately and held two factors constant:First, the expectation about the agent's intelligence by the experimenter's instruction as top-down processing; second, the agent's behavior, manipulating the degree of intellectual impression, as bottom-up processing. The results show that people select words differently because of the diversity of expressed behavior and thus supported our hypothesis. The findings obtained in this study could bring about new guidelines for a human-to-agent language interface.
{"title":"Lexical Entrainment Toward Conversational Agents: An Experimental Study on Top-down Processing and Bottom-up Processing","authors":"M. Hoshida, Masahiko Tamura, Yugo Hayashi","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125767","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of lexical entrainment while communicating with a conversational agent. We consider two types of cognitive information processing:top-down processing, which depends on prior knowledge, and bottom-up processing, which depends on one's partners' behavior. Each works mutually complementarily in interpersonal cognition. It was hypothesized that we will separate each method of processing because of the agent's behavior. We designed a word choice task where participants and the agent described pictures and selected them alternately and held two factors constant:First, the expectation about the agent's intelligence by the experimenter's instruction as top-down processing; second, the agent's behavior, manipulating the degree of intellectual impression, as bottom-up processing. The results show that people select words differently because of the diversity of expressed behavior and thus supported our hypothesis. The findings obtained in this study could bring about new guidelines for a human-to-agent language interface.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"46 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129934400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence continues to grow in popularity on mobile platforms, increasing exposure to chatbot apps. Chatbot technology has evolved over time, yet the purpose and added value that chatbots offer has not been clearly defined. In order to design a chatbot that provides a meaningful experience, we must first understand what expectations people have for this technology, and what opportunities are there for chatbots based on user needs. This study includes qualitative data from 54 participants in the US and India, sharing their expectations and experiences with a chatbot. The research objectives include:1) understand user perception and expectations of chatbots 2) surface preferences for input modality and 3) identify domains where chatbots can add meaningful purpose.
{"title":"I'm Sorry, Dave, I'm Afraid I Can't Do That: Chatbot Perception and Expectations","authors":"Jennifer Zamora","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125766","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence continues to grow in popularity on mobile platforms, increasing exposure to chatbot apps. Chatbot technology has evolved over time, yet the purpose and added value that chatbots offer has not been clearly defined. In order to design a chatbot that provides a meaningful experience, we must first understand what expectations people have for this technology, and what opportunities are there for chatbots based on user needs. This study includes qualitative data from 54 participants in the US and India, sharing their expectations and experiences with a chatbot. The research objectives include:1) understand user perception and expectations of chatbots 2) surface preferences for input modality and 3) identify domains where chatbots can add meaningful purpose.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124525364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher D. Wallbridge, Séverin Lemaignan, Tony Belpaeme
This paper provides a qualitative review of different object recognition techniques relevant for near-proximity Human-Robot Interaction. These techniques are divided into three categories:2D correspondence, 3D correspondence and non-vision based methods. For each technique an implementation is chosen that is representative of the existing technology to provide a broad review to assist in selecting an appropriate method for tabletop object recognition manipulation. For each of these techniques we give their strengths and weaknesses based on defined criteria. We then discuss and provide recommendations for each of them.
{"title":"Qualitative Review of Object Recognition Techniques for Tabletop Manipulation","authors":"Christopher D. Wallbridge, Séverin Lemaignan, Tony Belpaeme","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132593","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a qualitative review of different object recognition techniques relevant for near-proximity Human-Robot Interaction. These techniques are divided into three categories:2D correspondence, 3D correspondence and non-vision based methods. For each technique an implementation is chosen that is representative of the existing technology to provide a broad review to assist in selecting an appropriate method for tabletop object recognition manipulation. For each of these techniques we give their strengths and weaknesses based on defined criteria. We then discuss and provide recommendations for each of them.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124533369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Deneke, D. Lehane, A. Kandler, Tom Menchini, Mikael Laaksoharju, M. Obaid
The process of managing one's daily intake of medication has been shown to be error-prone for a variety of reasons. In this paper, we explore, through a rapid prototyping approach, the design implications for a social robotic agent intended for dispensing medicine. The process started with initial interviews with medical experts to allow for a better understanding of the design space. Their input helped us realise a low-fidelity, animal-like, robotic prototype for pill-dispensing. We report initial impressions of the prototype from four pharmacists. Based on those findings, we present design implications categorised into:look and feel, social role, desired task, and the agent's presence in a home environment.
{"title":"Using Rapid Prototyping to Explore Design Implications for a Pill-Dispensing Social Agent","authors":"Julia Deneke, D. Lehane, A. Kandler, Tom Menchini, Mikael Laaksoharju, M. Obaid","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125754","url":null,"abstract":"The process of managing one's daily intake of medication has been shown to be error-prone for a variety of reasons. In this paper, we explore, through a rapid prototyping approach, the design implications for a social robotic agent intended for dispensing medicine. The process started with initial interviews with medical experts to allow for a better understanding of the design space. Their input helped us realise a low-fidelity, animal-like, robotic prototype for pill-dispensing. We report initial impressions of the prototype from four pharmacists. Based on those findings, we present design implications categorised into:look and feel, social role, desired task, and the agent's presence in a home environment.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116522745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christiane Opfermann, K. Pitsch, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, S. Kopp
Dialog modeling of making suggestions in human-agent interaction is a challenge due to the socially delicate nature of a suggestion and ensuing interactional negotiations. A basic first dialog model for making suggestions was tested in the context of schedule management assistance by an embodied conversational agent with elderly and mildly cognitively impaired persons. Analysis showed that users responded according to human social structures with most response types bearing potential challenges concerning the system's language understanding and the users' intention interpretation:next to explicit answers, users produced implicit versions for acceptance or resistance and further requests for information or modifications. Thus, an enhanced dialog model with a newly added clarification sequence and a new multi-conditional entry sequence was tested in a second study with the autonomous system. Initial observations show a promising performance of the dialog model.
{"title":"The Communicative Activity of \"Making Suggestions\" as an Interactional Process: Towards a Dialog Model for HAI","authors":"Christiane Opfermann, K. Pitsch, Ramin Yaghoubzadeh, S. Kopp","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125752","url":null,"abstract":"Dialog modeling of making suggestions in human-agent interaction is a challenge due to the socially delicate nature of a suggestion and ensuing interactional negotiations. A basic first dialog model for making suggestions was tested in the context of schedule management assistance by an embodied conversational agent with elderly and mildly cognitively impaired persons. Analysis showed that users responded according to human social structures with most response types bearing potential challenges concerning the system's language understanding and the users' intention interpretation:next to explicit answers, users produced implicit versions for acceptance or resistance and further requests for information or modifications. Thus, an enhanced dialog model with a newly added clarification sequence and a new multi-conditional entry sequence was tested in a second study with the autonomous system. Initial observations show a promising performance of the dialog model.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126763947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is not difficult to design an object that is sensitive to our gaze. The challenging part is to make the user realize it. And since people are not used to interacting with an object by simply moving their eyes (people use eyes to see, not to trigger something), the interaction itself become unfamiliar to them. Based on the gaze behavior of people socializing with others, we believe that the feeling of being looked back when interacting with a gaze sensitive object is rather crucial in order to overcome the problem of unfamiliarity and to make people naturally realize that the object was sensitive to their gaze behavior. To achieve this feeling, we conclude that eyes need to be presence in the user's view. In this paper, we present an anthropomorphize coffee machine called the CoffeePet, attached with two, small OLED screen that displays animated eyes. These eyes are responsive towards the user's gaze behavior. Furthermore, the CoffeePet will automatically start to brew the drink if the user manages to maintain a prolonged eye contact with it. In three experiments, we investigated the impact of the animated eyes in aiding the participants to become familiar and to realize that their gaze behavior influences the CoffeePet to react. Without being told on how to interact with the CoffeePet, participants were randomly assigned to participate in one of three conditions. 1) CoffeePet with watching eyes (eyes with direct gaze), 2) CoffeePet with interactive gaze model, and 3) CoffeePet with interactive gaze following. The results showed that the interactive sharing gaze did, in fact, lead the participants to become familiar and to realize that they can interact with the object by simply moving their eyes.
{"title":"Designing Elements for a Gaze Sensitive Object: Meet the CoffeePet","authors":"S. A. Anas, G.W.M. Rauterberg, Jun Hu","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125745","url":null,"abstract":"It is not difficult to design an object that is sensitive to our gaze. The challenging part is to make the user realize it. And since people are not used to interacting with an object by simply moving their eyes (people use eyes to see, not to trigger something), the interaction itself become unfamiliar to them. Based on the gaze behavior of people socializing with others, we believe that the feeling of being looked back when interacting with a gaze sensitive object is rather crucial in order to overcome the problem of unfamiliarity and to make people naturally realize that the object was sensitive to their gaze behavior. To achieve this feeling, we conclude that eyes need to be presence in the user's view. In this paper, we present an anthropomorphize coffee machine called the CoffeePet, attached with two, small OLED screen that displays animated eyes. These eyes are responsive towards the user's gaze behavior. Furthermore, the CoffeePet will automatically start to brew the drink if the user manages to maintain a prolonged eye contact with it. In three experiments, we investigated the impact of the animated eyes in aiding the participants to become familiar and to realize that their gaze behavior influences the CoffeePet to react. Without being told on how to interact with the CoffeePet, participants were randomly assigned to participate in one of three conditions. 1) CoffeePet with watching eyes (eyes with direct gaze), 2) CoffeePet with interactive gaze model, and 3) CoffeePet with interactive gaze following. The results showed that the interactive sharing gaze did, in fact, lead the participants to become familiar and to realize that they can interact with the object by simply moving their eyes.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115488919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The HAI conference is the premier discussion venue on the topic of Human Agent Interaction. In this paper we present our findings from the scientometric analysis of full papers from the HAI conference since its inception to date. We extracted various bibliometric measures and qualitatively coded our sample of 107 full papers over the 4 years of the conference. Our results show that the conference has not really grown rapidly and attracts papers from predominantly Asian Pacific regions. User studies were the common research methodology undertaken in HAI papers and humanoid robots are the popular agent of choice. Domains such as Education and Health were surprisingly underrepresented whereas communication was the focus of almost half of the papers. We also report on a mini comparison with the ICSR and IVA conference as a bench-marking strategy, which provides us with some reflections on how the HAI conference can be moved forward. In conclusion, we speculate on our findings and provide some insights to the organizers and steering committee of the HAI conference.
{"title":"Scientometric Analysis of the HAI Conference","authors":"Omar Mubin, Max Manalo, M. Ahmad, M. Obaid","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125747","url":null,"abstract":"The HAI conference is the premier discussion venue on the topic of Human Agent Interaction. In this paper we present our findings from the scientometric analysis of full papers from the HAI conference since its inception to date. We extracted various bibliometric measures and qualitatively coded our sample of 107 full papers over the 4 years of the conference. Our results show that the conference has not really grown rapidly and attracts papers from predominantly Asian Pacific regions. User studies were the common research methodology undertaken in HAI papers and humanoid robots are the popular agent of choice. Domains such as Education and Health were surprisingly underrepresented whereas communication was the focus of almost half of the papers. We also report on a mini comparison with the ICSR and IVA conference as a bench-marking strategy, which provides us with some reflections on how the HAI conference can be moved forward. In conclusion, we speculate on our findings and provide some insights to the organizers and steering committee of the HAI conference.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130521157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we propose a health maintenance support robot for desk workers. Employees who concentrate on desk-work tend to become dehydrated, and chronic dehydration leads to poor health. Generally, people who concentrate on a task fail to notice that they are dehydrated. Therefore, we propose a robot that encourages office workers to drink water. This robot is shaped like a coaster and tries to encourage a desk worker to drink water by generating a periodic sound. We create a robot prototype and investigate a suitable interval length between each encouragement. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the encouragements on the efficiency of workers.
{"title":"A Coaster Robot that Encourages Office Workers to Drink Water","authors":"M. Gouko, Yuka Arakawa","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132584","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a health maintenance support robot for desk workers. Employees who concentrate on desk-work tend to become dehydrated, and chronic dehydration leads to poor health. Generally, people who concentrate on a task fail to notice that they are dehydrated. Therefore, we propose a robot that encourages office workers to drink water. This robot is shaped like a coaster and tries to encourage a desk worker to drink water by generating a periodic sound. We create a robot prototype and investigate a suitable interval length between each encouragement. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the encouragements on the efficiency of workers.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115065329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lamb, T. Lorenz, Steven J. Harrison, Rachel W. Kallen, A. Minai, Michael J. Richardson
Humans often engage in tasks that require or are made more efficient by coordinating with other humans. The coordination involved in these tasks can be understood in terms of the behavioral and affordance dynamics of socially embedded agents engaged in joint action activities. Behavioral dynamics provide mathematical (differential equation) models of human behavior and interaction and affordance dynamics identify and model the ways that an agent's action capabilities evolve over time. Taken together, models of human joint-action based on these approaches may provide a basis for developing robust, natural, and easy to engage artificial agents. In this paper we introduce behavioral and affordance dynamics models of human joint action in a pick-and-place task. Based on these models we provide a proof of concept pick-and-place artificial agent and implement the agent in a 3D virtual environment to interact with human co-actors.
{"title":"PAPAc: A Pick and Place Agent Based on Human Behavioral Dynamics","authors":"M. Lamb, T. Lorenz, Steven J. Harrison, Rachel W. Kallen, A. Minai, Michael J. Richardson","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3125771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3125771","url":null,"abstract":"Humans often engage in tasks that require or are made more efficient by coordinating with other humans. The coordination involved in these tasks can be understood in terms of the behavioral and affordance dynamics of socially embedded agents engaged in joint action activities. Behavioral dynamics provide mathematical (differential equation) models of human behavior and interaction and affordance dynamics identify and model the ways that an agent's action capabilities evolve over time. Taken together, models of human joint-action based on these approaches may provide a basis for developing robust, natural, and easy to engage artificial agents. In this paper we introduce behavioral and affordance dynamics models of human joint action in a pick-and-place task. Based on these models we provide a proof of concept pick-and-place artificial agent and implement the agent in a 3D virtual environment to interact with human co-actors.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133234965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryo Otsuki, Osamu Sugiyama, Kohei Matsumura, Masahiro Tada, H. Noma, T. Kuroda
Walking 8,000 steps in a day is one of the important criteria to maintain our health. However, we often miss a chance to walk due to the difficulty to keep our motivation toward our health in a daily life. We propose an algorithm to search an appropriate daily walking pattern from the user's past walking record. The searched walking patterns are used for making a health promotion agent recommend an effective timing to walk. With this recommendation, users will not miss the timing when they can walk. In this study, we focused on designing the algorithm for searching a daily walking pattern, which satisfied both conditions, achieving 8,000 steps a day and being similar to the current user walking record. In a pilot performance study, it was revealed that the proposed algorithm can narrow down the walking pattern candidates and properly search the walking pattern similar to the current user walking record.
{"title":"When should the Health Promotion Agent Recommend the User to Walk?: Approach for Searching an Appropriate Walking Pattern for the User","authors":"Ryo Otsuki, Osamu Sugiyama, Kohei Matsumura, Masahiro Tada, H. Noma, T. Kuroda","doi":"10.1145/3125739.3132589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125739.3132589","url":null,"abstract":"Walking 8,000 steps in a day is one of the important criteria to maintain our health. However, we often miss a chance to walk due to the difficulty to keep our motivation toward our health in a daily life. We propose an algorithm to search an appropriate daily walking pattern from the user's past walking record. The searched walking patterns are used for making a health promotion agent recommend an effective timing to walk. With this recommendation, users will not miss the timing when they can walk. In this study, we focused on designing the algorithm for searching a daily walking pattern, which satisfied both conditions, achieving 8,000 steps a day and being similar to the current user walking record. In a pilot performance study, it was revealed that the proposed algorithm can narrow down the walking pattern candidates and properly search the walking pattern similar to the current user walking record.","PeriodicalId":346669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116261613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：