Pub Date : 2019-09-29DOI: 10.33736/jcest.1741.2019
A. Mukaddas, F. A. Aziz, N. Nasir, N. M. Sutan
Non-biodegradable solids such as waste tyres and oil palm fruit fibre (OPFF) would cause environmental problems if not disposed properly. This research studied the water permeability and chloride and sulphate resistance of mixes with addition of OPFF and sand replacement with Treated Crumb Rubber (TCR). The mix known as Rubberised Fibre Mortar (RFM) is a composite of 10% to 30% of TRC and addition of 1% to 1.5% of OPFF. In total sixteen different mixes, with water to cement ratio of 0.48 were prepared and subjected to related tests up to 56 days. The specimens are separated to two water curing types; immersion and spraying. The results show immersion cured specimens is less permeable and more resistance to chloride and sulphate than spraying specimens. The TCR does reduce the water permeability of the mix when 20% and less replacement made, while addition of less than 1% OPFF allows medium permeability. The moderate chloride resistance is achieved in mix with less than 10% TCR replacement and OPFF is not added. While sulphate resistance of RFM with less than 30% TCR is acceptable but addition of OPFF must be limited to 1% to prevent large strength reduction. In conclusion, for indoor mortar applications such as partition wall, RFM made of less than 10% TCR and less than 1% OPFF is recommended.
{"title":"WATER PERMEABILITY AND CHLORIDE AND SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF RUBBERISED FIBRE MORTAR","authors":"A. Mukaddas, F. A. Aziz, N. Nasir, N. M. Sutan","doi":"10.33736/jcest.1741.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1741.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Non-biodegradable solids such as waste tyres and oil palm fruit fibre (OPFF) would cause environmental problems if not disposed properly. This research studied the water permeability and chloride and sulphate resistance of mixes with addition of OPFF and sand replacement with Treated Crumb Rubber (TCR). The mix known as Rubberised Fibre Mortar (RFM) is a composite of 10% to 30% of TRC and addition of 1% to 1.5% of OPFF. In total sixteen different mixes, with water to cement ratio of 0.48 were prepared and subjected to related tests up to 56 days. The specimens are separated to two water curing types; immersion and spraying. The results show immersion cured specimens is less permeable and more resistance to chloride and sulphate than spraying specimens. The TCR does reduce the water permeability of the mix when 20% and less replacement made, while addition of less than 1% OPFF allows medium permeability. The moderate chloride resistance is achieved in mix with less than 10% TCR replacement and OPFF is not added. While sulphate resistance of RFM with less than 30% TCR is acceptable but addition of OPFF must be limited to 1% to prevent large strength reduction. In conclusion, for indoor mortar applications such as partition wall, RFM made of less than 10% TCR and less than 1% OPFF is recommended.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114407667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-29DOI: 10.33736/jcest.1465.2019
M. Seyfe, Anteneh Geremew
Cinder gravels are pyroclastic materials associated with recent volcanic activity which occur in characteristically straight sided cone shaped hills. The aim of this study was to use this marginal material which is abundantly available in many parts of Ethiopia by modifying their properties through mechanical blending and chemical stabilization. Results of physical and mechanical test conducted on cinder gravel samples prove their marginality to be used as base course materials especially for highly trafficked roads. An experimental investigation were carried by blending cinder gravels with conventional crushed stone bases course material, Crushed Stone Aggregate (CSA), in proportions of cinder/ Crushed Stone Aggregate (CSA) (10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50) and treating with 6. 8 and 10% of cement. According to results of sieve analysis, Aggregate crushing value (ACV), flakiness index and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), 30% of Crushed Stone Aggregate (CSA) can be replaced by cinder gravels for use as Fresh, crushed rock (GB1) material and for cement treated cinder gravels adding 6% and 8% cement make them suitable for use as Stabilized base course (CB2) and (CB1) base course materials respectively, referring to their 14 day compressive strength as determined by Unified compressive strength test(UCS) test.
{"title":"POTENTIAL USE OF CINDER GRAVEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE BASE COURSE MATERIAL THROUGH BLENDING WITH CRUSHED STONE AGGREGATE AND CEMENT TREATMENT","authors":"M. Seyfe, Anteneh Geremew","doi":"10.33736/jcest.1465.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1465.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Cinder gravels are pyroclastic materials associated with recent volcanic activity which occur in characteristically straight sided cone shaped hills. The aim of this study was to use this marginal material which is abundantly available in many parts of Ethiopia by modifying their properties through mechanical blending and chemical stabilization. Results of physical and mechanical test conducted on cinder gravel samples prove their marginality to be used as base course materials especially for highly trafficked roads. An experimental investigation were carried by blending cinder gravels with conventional crushed stone bases course material, Crushed Stone Aggregate (CSA), in proportions of cinder/ Crushed Stone Aggregate (CSA) (10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50) and treating with 6. 8 and 10% of cement. According to results of sieve analysis, Aggregate crushing value (ACV), flakiness index and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), 30% of Crushed Stone Aggregate (CSA) can be replaced by cinder gravels for use as Fresh, crushed rock (GB1) material and for cement treated cinder gravels adding 6% and 8% cement make them suitable for use as Stabilized base course (CB2) and (CB1) base course materials respectively, referring to their 14 day compressive strength as determined by Unified compressive strength test(UCS) test.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134340127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-29DOI: 10.33736/jcest.1407.2019
Anju Jain, F. Khan, P. Gupta, K. Gupta, S. Yadav
Public Private Partnership Model (PPP) by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) renewal was undertaken by introduction of the hybrid annuity model (HAM) wherein government decided to share the risk of financing by contributing 40% towards the project. With the launch of this scheme more than fifty percent projects got green signal in 201617 under the HAM scheme. This work compares these two models by undertaking a questionnaire survey from the key stakeholders involved in such projects and identifies challenges & risk faced and issues pertaining to delays and success of the proposed model. The outcome from the work highlights that funding has been a major challenge faced by PPP projects and thus innovation into the model is necessary. There also seems to be a lack of transparency in the entire process which makes it riskier for the private investor. It is also concluded from the work that financial risk is predominant whether it is a PPP or HAM model and thus a search for a new sustainable model that is sustainable is essential.
{"title":"CHALLENGES FACED IN PPP AND HAM MODEL AND THE NEED FOR AN ALTERNATIVE","authors":"Anju Jain, F. Khan, P. Gupta, K. Gupta, S. Yadav","doi":"10.33736/jcest.1407.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1407.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Public Private Partnership Model (PPP) by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) renewal was undertaken by introduction of the hybrid annuity model (HAM) wherein government decided to share the risk of financing by contributing 40% towards the project. With the launch of this scheme more than fifty percent projects got green signal in 201617 under the HAM scheme. This work compares these two models by undertaking a questionnaire survey from the key stakeholders involved in such projects and identifies challenges & risk faced and issues pertaining to delays and success of the proposed model. The outcome from the work highlights that funding has been a major challenge faced by PPP projects and thus innovation into the model is necessary. There also seems to be a lack of transparency in the entire process which makes it riskier for the private investor. It is also concluded from the work that financial risk is predominant whether it is a PPP or HAM model and thus a search for a new sustainable model that is sustainable is essential.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114808716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-29DOI: 10.33736/jcest.1451.2019
C. K. Kiptum, L. Rosasi, O. Joseph, E. Odhiamba
This paper presents some mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with dry water hyacinth stem and quarry dust as fine aggregates. Fresh water hyacinth stems were collected from Lake Victoria; sun dried for a week and chopped into 3 cm long pieces. Sieve analysis was done for fine and coarse aggregates. Concrete mix designs were done according to Department of Environment (United Kingdom) method. A total of 32 cubes of concrete were cast (16 horizontal orientations of fiber, and 16 vertical orientations of fibers). Dry water hyacinth stems were incorporated during casting of cubes in terms of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% of the volume of cube. Average compressive and split tensile strength tests were performed after 28 days. The results showed concrete composed of horizontal orientation of dry water hyacinth stem fibers had an average optimum tensile strength of 1.5 N/mm2 corresponding to 0.1% replacement. In vertical orientation, there was uniform decrease in tensile strength as the percentage replacement increased. Compressive strengths decreased slightly as the composition of water hyacinth fibers increased for both vertical and horizontal orientations.
{"title":"SOME MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH DRIED WATER HYACINTH AND QUARRY DUST AS FINE AGGREGATES","authors":"C. K. Kiptum, L. Rosasi, O. Joseph, E. Odhiamba","doi":"10.33736/jcest.1451.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1451.2019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with dry water hyacinth stem and quarry dust as fine aggregates. Fresh water hyacinth stems were collected from Lake Victoria; sun dried for a week and chopped into 3 cm long pieces. Sieve analysis was done for fine and coarse aggregates. Concrete mix designs were done according to Department of Environment (United Kingdom) method. A total of 32 cubes of concrete were cast (16 horizontal orientations of fiber, and 16 vertical orientations of fibers). Dry water hyacinth stems were incorporated during casting of cubes in terms of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% of the volume of cube. Average compressive and split tensile strength tests were performed after 28 days. The results showed concrete composed of horizontal orientation of dry water hyacinth stem fibers had an average optimum tensile strength of 1.5 N/mm2 corresponding to 0.1% replacement. In vertical orientation, there was uniform decrease in tensile strength as the percentage replacement increased. Compressive strengths decreased slightly as the composition of water hyacinth fibers increased for both vertical and horizontal orientations.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-29DOI: 10.33736/jcest.1531.2019
A. Abhyankar, A. Patwardhan, M. Paliwal, A. Inamdar
The specific objective of the present study is to identify flooded areas due to cyclonic storm using Envisat ASAR VV polarized data and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). On October 30, 2006, the Ogni storm crossed the Indian coast. It impacted three coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh, including Guntur, Prakasam, and Krishna. The present study considers only nine mandals of Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh for identification of flooded areas. For this purpose, pre and post event images of study area were procured of Envisat satellite (April 23, 2006 and November 4, 2006). Field visit to the affected district after the disaster was carried out to gather landcover information. In all, 564 pixels landcover information was collected during the visit (These were corresponding to pre event Envisat image of April 23, 2006). Out of the 564 pixels, randomly 406 pixels (91 were water and the remaining 315 were non-water pixels) were used for training the Neural Network and the remaining for testing. Using the trained ANN model, the total water area in the nine mandals of Guntur using Envisat ASAR satellite imagery of April 23, 2006 was found to be 2.344 thousand hectares. The trained model was applied to the post event Envisat ASAR image of November 4, 2006 to obtain completely submerged and partial/non submerged areas under water. The completely submerged landcover under water in nine mandals of Guntur district on November 4, 2006 was found to be 13.2705 thousand hectares. Results suggest a high accuracy of classification and indicate that this may be a rapid tool for damage estimation and post disaster relief and recovery efforts.
本研究的具体目标是利用Envisat ASAR VV极化数据和人工神经网络(ANN)识别气旋风暴造成的洪水地区。2006年10月30日，奥格尼风暴横扫印度海岸。它影响了安得拉邦的三个沿海地区，包括贡图尔、普拉卡萨姆和克里希纳。目前的研究只考虑了安得拉邦贡图尔地区的九个曼陀罗来识别洪水地区。为此，获取了Envisat卫星(2006年4月23日和2006年11月4日)研究区域的事件前后图像。灾后对受灾地区进行实地考察，收集土地覆盖资料。在访问期间，总共收集了564像素的土地覆盖信息(这些信息与2006年4月23日的Envisat图像相对应)。在564个像素中，随机406个像素(91个是水，其余315个是非水像素)用于训练神经网络，其余用于测试。利用训练后的人工神经网络模型，利用2006年4月23日Envisat ASAR卫星图像，发现Guntur九个曼陀尔的总水域面积为234.4万公顷。将训练后的模型应用于2006年11月4日的Envisat ASAR事件后图像，以获得完全淹没和部分/非淹没的水下区域。2006年11月4日，贡图尔地区9个山头的完全淹没地表覆盖面积为1327.05万公顷。结果表明，该分类具有较高的准确性，可作为一种快速的灾害评估工具，用于灾后救援和恢复工作。
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF FLOODED AREAS DUE TO SEVERE STORM USING ENVISAT ASAR DATA AND NEURAL NETWORKS","authors":"A. Abhyankar, A. Patwardhan, M. Paliwal, A. Inamdar","doi":"10.33736/jcest.1531.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1531.2019","url":null,"abstract":"The specific objective of the present study is to identify flooded areas due to cyclonic storm using Envisat ASAR VV polarized data and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). On October 30, 2006, the Ogni storm crossed the Indian coast. It impacted three coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh, including Guntur, Prakasam, and Krishna. The present study considers only nine mandals of Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh for identification of flooded areas. For this purpose, pre and post event images of study area were procured of Envisat satellite (April 23, 2006 and November 4, 2006). Field visit to the affected district after the disaster was carried out to gather landcover information. In all, 564 pixels landcover information was collected during the visit (These were corresponding to pre event Envisat image of April 23, 2006). Out of the 564 pixels, randomly 406 pixels (91 were water and the remaining 315 were non-water pixels) were used for training the Neural Network and the remaining for testing. Using the trained ANN model, the total water area in the nine mandals of Guntur using Envisat ASAR satellite imagery of April 23, 2006 was found to be 2.344 thousand hectares. The trained model was applied to the post event Envisat ASAR image of November 4, 2006 to obtain completely submerged and partial/non submerged areas under water. The completely submerged landcover under water in nine mandals of Guntur district on November 4, 2006 was found to be 13.2705 thousand hectares. Results suggest a high accuracy of classification and indicate that this may be a rapid tool for damage estimation and post disaster relief and recovery efforts.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129566205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-29DOI: 10.33736/jcest.1544.2019
E. S. Okonofua, J. Babatola, O. Ojuri
The study discussed the remediation potentials of phytoremediation, land farming treatment and chemico-biological stabilization treatments in degrading Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in soils polluted with crude oil in varying concentrations. The field pilot study was carried out in Benin city, Nigeria by preparing nine (9) cells with sub-cells attached which serve as control; each cell measures 1.53 m2. Three cells contained 100 kg of artificially contaminated soils at low contamination concentration (3000 mg kg-1), the next three cells contained 100 kg of contaminated soil samples but with medium concentration (5000 mg kg-1), while the last three cells contained 100 kg of spike samples in high concentration (7000 mg kg-1). The sub cells contained 10 kg of soil and left untreated. Each role containing three cells with low, medium and high concentration was treated separately using the three treatment methods. Soil samples to organic amendment ratio for the treatments was 2:1. The results showed over 90% reduction in the initial concentration of TPH and PAH across the different contamination levels with except in the control sub cells were only 30% reduction was recorded. The treated soil was found useful for agricultural purpose. One-way analysis of variance reveals a significant difference at p≤0.05 in the results obtained in application of the three methods. This implies that the methods effectively degraded the TPH and PAH concentrations. The three different methods of treatments effectively degraded TPH and PAH contaminants with land farming treatment being the best of the three.
{"title":"FIELD PILOT STUDY ON THE ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HYDROCARBON REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES","authors":"E. S. Okonofua, J. Babatola, O. Ojuri","doi":"10.33736/jcest.1544.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1544.2019","url":null,"abstract":"The study discussed the remediation potentials of phytoremediation, land farming treatment and chemico-biological stabilization treatments in degrading Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in soils polluted with crude oil in varying concentrations. The field pilot study was carried out in Benin city, Nigeria by preparing nine (9) cells with sub-cells attached which serve as control; each cell measures 1.53 m2. Three cells contained 100 kg of artificially contaminated soils at low contamination concentration (3000 mg kg-1), the next three cells contained 100 kg of contaminated soil samples but with medium concentration (5000 mg kg-1), while the last three cells contained 100 kg of spike samples in high concentration (7000 mg kg-1). The sub cells contained 10 kg of soil and left untreated. Each role containing three cells with low, medium and high concentration was treated separately using the three treatment methods. Soil samples to organic amendment ratio for the treatments was 2:1. The results showed over 90% reduction in the initial concentration of TPH and PAH across the different contamination levels with except in the control sub cells were only 30% reduction was recorded. The treated soil was found useful for agricultural purpose. One-way analysis of variance reveals a significant difference at p≤0.05 in the results obtained in application of the three methods. This implies that the methods effectively degraded the TPH and PAH concentrations. The three different methods of treatments effectively degraded TPH and PAH contaminants with land farming treatment being the best of the three.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128310916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.33736/JCEST.1433.2019
A. Demissew, F. Fufa, Sintayehu Assefa
Concrete is a mixture of aggregates and binders. From concrete ingredients, the binder and the costliest and environmental-unfriendly element is cement, which is an ecological unsociable process due to the discharge of CO2 gas into the atmosphere and ecological degradation. Coffee husk (CH) has been considered as a category of agriculture by-product; as its quantity rises, the disposal of it is becoming an environmental problem. Hence, this study investigated the suitability of coffee husk ash (CHA) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in conventional concrete production. Initially, CH samples were collected from different coffee treatment centres. The CHA was then ground and its chemical and physical properties were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. After that, the pastes containing OPC and CHA at different levels of replacement were investigated. For this purpose, six different concrete mixes with CHA replacement 0, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15% of the OPC were prepared for 25MPa conventional concrete with water to cement ratio of 0.5 and 360 kg/m3 cement content. The results of the study show that, up to 10% replacement of OPC by CHA achieved advanced compressive strength at all test ages, i.e. 7, 14, and 28 days of age using compressive test machine.
{"title":"PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY COFFEE HUSK ASH FOR C-25 CONCRETE PRODUCTION","authors":"A. Demissew, F. Fufa, Sintayehu Assefa","doi":"10.33736/JCEST.1433.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/JCEST.1433.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is a mixture of aggregates and binders. From concrete ingredients, the binder and the costliest and environmental-unfriendly element is cement, which is an ecological unsociable process due to the discharge of CO2 gas into the atmosphere and ecological degradation. Coffee husk (CH) has been considered as a category of agriculture by-product; as its quantity rises, the disposal of it is becoming an environmental problem. Hence, this study investigated the suitability of coffee husk ash (CHA) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in conventional concrete production. Initially, CH samples were collected from different coffee treatment centres. The CHA was then ground and its chemical and physical properties were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. After that, the pastes containing OPC and CHA at different levels of replacement were investigated. For this purpose, six different concrete mixes with CHA replacement 0, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15% of the OPC were prepared for 25MPa conventional concrete with water to cement ratio of 0.5 and 360 kg/m3 cement content. The results of the study show that, up to 10% replacement of OPC by CHA achieved advanced compressive strength at all test ages, i.e. 7, 14, and 28 days of age using compressive test machine.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128509623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.33736/JCEST.1430.2019
T. Manda, S. Samant, Kartik Pendhe, Rohan Naphade, Harshita Gupta, S. Yadav
Claims are becoming inevitable and unavoidable in modern projects involving new technology, specifications, and complexities. There are many reasons for claims, for instance time extension, machinery change, material deviation, manpower, price escalation, accidents on site, changes in design, etc., which result into disputes. Confusion also exists in adoption of dispute resolution techniques, such as arbitration, conciliation, mediation, dispute resolution board, etc. In this paper, various factors responsible for claims and dispute in road projects and their intensity have been identified. The results are implied through a survey of clients, contractors, and consultants involved in road projects. The work focuses on the predominant causes of dispute and the methodology adopted by stake holders for settlement of the same.
{"title":"CLAIMS AND SETTLEMENT IN ROAD PROJECT","authors":"T. Manda, S. Samant, Kartik Pendhe, Rohan Naphade, Harshita Gupta, S. Yadav","doi":"10.33736/JCEST.1430.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/JCEST.1430.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Claims are becoming inevitable and unavoidable in modern projects involving new technology, specifications, and complexities. There are many reasons for claims, for instance time extension, machinery change, material deviation, manpower, price escalation, accidents on site, changes in design, etc., which result into disputes. Confusion also exists in adoption of dispute resolution techniques, such as arbitration, conciliation, mediation, dispute resolution board, etc. In this paper, various factors responsible for claims and dispute in road projects and their intensity have been identified. The results are implied through a survey of clients, contractors, and consultants involved in road projects. The work focuses on the predominant causes of dispute and the methodology adopted by stake holders for settlement of the same.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126402761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.33736/JCEST.1005.2019
P. Shawnim, F. Mohammad
Foamed concrete specimens were examined for compressive strength at (28 and 180) days air sealed curing, as well as at 28 days water cured. Also, the microstructure of fifteen selected FC specimens was investigated for porosity in relation to compressive strength using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. Twenty two batches of FC specimens of the densities (1100, 1600 and 1800) kg/m3 were made with fine sand and brick aggregates with toner and metakaolin (MK) inclusion as additives, they were casted in polystyrene cube moulds of (100x100x100) mm. Results show, it is possible to produce FC with high compressive strength in the range of (28.5 to 59.2) N/mm2, with a variety of materials, while the 1600 kg/m3 density with the inclusion of toner and MK20 is the favourite, which can be used for structural elements. Conventionally, compressive strength is in an inverse relationship with porosity, as porosity increases, compressive strength decreases, but using toner and MK20 can alter this relationship between porosity and compressive strength, where by it is possible to produce a relatively light weight high porosity FC matrix to exhibit high compressive strength. Maturity of the FC at 180 days, can demonstrate an increase in the compressive strength. The microstructural investigations through SEM images revealed, the FC mix made with sand or brick only, exhibits an irregular shape factor of the micro pore system with the pore size in the range of (10 to 70) µm, while those made with the inclusion of toner and MK20 have a regular shape factor of a matrix of finer micro pore system of the sizes in the range of (0.01 to 10.0) µm, all of which are evenly distributed, and have a big influence on the properties of the FC, particularly, on compressive strength. Contrary to the conventional method of air sealed curing for FC, water curing method can equally give the same or a slightly better result in respect of compressive strength for some particular densities.
{"title":"COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF FOAMED CONCRETE IN RELATION TO POROSITY USING SEM IMAGES","authors":"P. Shawnim, F. Mohammad","doi":"10.33736/JCEST.1005.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/JCEST.1005.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Foamed concrete specimens were examined for compressive strength at (28 and 180) days air sealed curing, as well as at 28 days water cured. Also, the microstructure of fifteen selected FC specimens was investigated for porosity in relation to compressive strength using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. Twenty two batches of FC specimens of the densities (1100, 1600 and 1800) kg/m3 were made with fine sand and brick aggregates with toner and metakaolin (MK) inclusion as additives, they were casted in polystyrene cube moulds of (100x100x100) mm. Results show, it is possible to produce FC with high compressive strength in the range of (28.5 to 59.2) N/mm2, with a variety of materials, while the 1600 kg/m3 density with the inclusion of toner and MK20 is the favourite, which can be used for structural elements. Conventionally, compressive strength is in an inverse relationship with porosity, as porosity increases, compressive strength decreases, but using toner and MK20 can alter this relationship between porosity and compressive strength, where by it is possible to produce a relatively light weight high porosity FC matrix to exhibit high compressive strength. Maturity of the FC at 180 days, can demonstrate an increase in the compressive strength. The microstructural investigations through SEM images revealed, the FC mix made with sand or brick only, exhibits an irregular shape factor of the micro pore system with the pore size in the range of (10 to 70) µm, while those made with the inclusion of toner and MK20 have a regular shape factor of a matrix of finer micro pore system of the sizes in the range of (0.01 to 10.0) µm, all of which are evenly distributed, and have a big influence on the properties of the FC, particularly, on compressive strength. Contrary to the conventional method of air sealed curing for FC, water curing method can equally give the same or a slightly better result in respect of compressive strength for some particular densities.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-25DOI: 10.33736/JCEST.1083.2019
E. S. Okonofua, I. B. Nwadialo, M. O. Ekun
This paper examined the effects of brewery wastewater on the quality of water in Ikpoba River which has experienced significant pollution over the years, with the intention of determining the main pollutant in the river water. Samples were recovered from eight (8) different locations covering a total distance of 750 m: one sample from upstream at 150 m from the effluent discharge location, two samples from effluents discharge point and five samples from downstream location at 150 m interval. Samples were taken twice monthly in March, May and July, 2014 during period of intense activity of production. The physcio-chemical analyses of the twenty-five (25) selected parameters were calculated and values obtained were used to calculate the water Quality index of the river. The results indicated that Ikpoba River is severely polluted (WQI = -5429792.89, in SN1, March, 2014) as a result of untreated brewery effluent hence Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the parameter that contributes mainly to the pollution and those that contributed minimally. Evaluation of the PCA results shows that the only reoccurring parameter is Copper hence it is concluded that Copper is the only component factor that influences the river water quality throughout the period under study. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that any proposed treatment method must be targeted at the removal of copper in addition to other factors of high contributory effects.
{"title":"MODELLING IKPOBA RIVER WATER QUALITY USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) METHOD","authors":"E. S. Okonofua, I. B. Nwadialo, M. O. Ekun","doi":"10.33736/JCEST.1083.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/JCEST.1083.2019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined the effects of brewery wastewater on the quality of water in Ikpoba River which has experienced significant pollution over the years, with the intention of determining the main pollutant in the river water. Samples were recovered from eight (8) different locations covering a total distance of 750 m: one sample from upstream at 150 m from the effluent discharge location, two samples from effluents discharge point and five samples from downstream location at 150 m interval. Samples were taken twice monthly in March, May and July, 2014 during period of intense activity of production. The physcio-chemical analyses of the twenty-five (25) selected parameters were calculated and values obtained were used to calculate the water Quality index of the river. The results indicated that Ikpoba River is severely polluted (WQI = -5429792.89, in SN1, March, 2014) as a result of untreated brewery effluent hence Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the parameter that contributes mainly to the pollution and those that contributed minimally. Evaluation of the PCA results shows that the only reoccurring parameter is Copper hence it is concluded that Copper is the only component factor that influences the river water quality throughout the period under study. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that any proposed treatment method must be targeted at the removal of copper in addition to other factors of high contributory effects.","PeriodicalId":346729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology","volume":"41 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131234391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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