The study examined analysis of sources of micro credit to women groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) processors and collateral requirements in central zone of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Two local government areas were randomly selected from the central agricultural zone with sample size of 122 groundnut women processors and data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results revealed that all (100%) of the groundnut processors were female, 71.3% were married while 9.8%, 8.2% and 10.7 were single, divorced and widowed, respectively. The results also indicated that 35.2% of the respondents had attended secondary school and 27.0% had primary education, 17.2% had tertiary education, 11.5% had never been to school and 9.0% had adult education. Majority (79.5%) had good market access in terms of sales. 19.7% had a fair market access and 0.8% had difficult market access. The results further disclosed that 97.5% of the respondents used local method for groundnut. Majority (53.3%) of the respondents sourced credit through the informal sectors. The findings further showed that majority (86.9%) of the groundnut women processors in Central Bauchi State mainly used relatives as their source of micro credit. Cooperatives source of micro credit, village shopkeepers, local money lenders and faith organizations as well as non-governmental organizations and agricultural traders accounted for 77.0%, 70.5%, 58.2%, 58.2%, 54.1% and 54.1%, respectively. Majority (92.6%) of the groundnut omen processors indicated that household asset was the major collateral they use while obtaining loans from the informal credit sources in the study area. The findings also revealed that salary, land/title deed, cooperative registration and others accounted for 15.6%, 47.5%, 77.9%, and 9.9%, respectively, as other collateral requirements for accessing credit by the respondents in the study area. The study concuded that household asset (92%) was the major collateral the groundnut omen processors used in obtaining loans from the informal credit sources in the study area. Also, (86.9%) of the groundnut women processors major sources of credit was relatives in the study area. The study recommended that women groundnut processors should be provided with simple but efficient equipment at affordable cost, and that soft loans should be made available at low interest rate by the government and non-governmental organizations.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF SOURCES OF MICRO CREDIT TO WOMEN GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEAE L.) PROCESSORS AND COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS IN CENTRAL ZONE OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Haruna, A. A., Sani, M. H., Haruna, U.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.461","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined analysis of sources of micro credit to women groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) processors and collateral requirements in central zone of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Two local government areas were randomly selected from the central agricultural zone with sample size of 122 groundnut women processors and data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results revealed that all (100%) of the groundnut processors were female, 71.3% were married while 9.8%, 8.2% and 10.7 were single, divorced and widowed, respectively. The results also indicated that 35.2% of the respondents had attended secondary school and 27.0% had primary education, 17.2% had tertiary education, 11.5% had never been to school and 9.0% had adult education. Majority (79.5%) had good market access in terms of sales. 19.7% had a fair market access and 0.8% had difficult market access. The results further disclosed that 97.5% of the respondents used local method for groundnut. Majority (53.3%) of the respondents sourced credit through the informal sectors. The findings further showed that majority (86.9%) of the groundnut women processors in Central Bauchi State mainly used relatives as their source of micro credit. Cooperatives source of micro credit, village shopkeepers, local money lenders and faith organizations as well as non-governmental organizations and agricultural traders accounted for 77.0%, 70.5%, 58.2%, 58.2%, 54.1% and 54.1%, respectively. Majority (92.6%) of the groundnut omen processors indicated that household asset was the major collateral they use while obtaining loans from the informal credit sources in the study area. The findings also revealed that salary, land/title deed, cooperative registration and others accounted for 15.6%, 47.5%, 77.9%, and 9.9%, respectively, as other collateral requirements for accessing credit by the respondents in the study area. The study concuded that household asset (92%) was the major collateral the groundnut omen processors used in obtaining loans from the informal credit sources in the study area. Also, (86.9%) of the groundnut women processors major sources of credit was relatives in the study area. The study recommended that women groundnut processors should be provided with simple but efficient equipment at affordable cost, and that soft loans should be made available at low interest rate by the government and non-governmental organizations.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115054364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sani, M. H., Kadau, R., Sani, R. M., Danwanka, H. A.
The study was carried out on analysis of socio-economic characteristics and post-harvest loss storage facilities used by vegetable crops value chain actors in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 526 respondents (210 farmers, 89 wholesalers, 128 retailers and 99 processors). Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that majority (96.70%) of the vegetable tomato, pepper and okra farmers were female, about 98% were male wholesalers,76.60% were male retailers and at processors level, majority (78.80%) were male. The marital status showed that, 90.50% of the farmers were married, for the wholesalers, 97.80% were married, for the retailers about 90% were married and at processors level, 86.90% were married. The results also, revealed that, 66.70% of the farmers were into farming as their major occupation. Similarly, 33.70% of the wholesalers were engaged in marketing of different types of vegetable crops as their occupation and 52.30% of the retailers were into marketing of different crops. Mean age of farmers was 40.20 years with minimum age of 19.00 years and maximum age of 68.00 years with a standard deviation of 9.90. For the wholesalers’, the mean age was 44.50 years, the maximum and minimum years were 73.00 years and 22.00 years, respectively, within a standard deviation was 10.25. The minimum household size is 1.00 and maximum is 22.00 persons with a standard deviation is 4.26. Similarly, for the wholesalers, the result shows that the household size was 8 persons with a minimum of 1 and maximum of 32 persons with standard deviation of 57.00. The minimum farming experience was 2.00 years and the maximum was 49.00 years with standard deviation of 7.29. Also, for the wholesalers, the result shows that, the mean marketing experience was 14.00 years with minimum of 3.00 years, maximum of 37.00 years and standard deviation of 8.12. The result revealed that, for the farmers, the mean annual income was ₦240,811.90 with the minimum annual income of ₦7,500 and maximum annual income of ₦1,100,000, with standard deviation of 217,09 .87. Also, for the wholesalers, the result shows that the mean annual income was ₦ 99,213.48 with minimum annual income of ₦20,000, and maximum annual income of ₦4,000,000 with standard deviation of 145,909.79. The findings showed that 72.86% of the farmers used open field (or open place) to store their harvested vegetable crops usually under tree shades temporarily before taken it to the market for sale. The mean distance that will take farmers to sell their vegetable crops was 16.89 km with standard deviation of 0.34 and range of 2.00. The study concluded that it takes a minimum of 1.00 day and a maximum of 2.00 days with the mean of 1.32 day for the retailers to sell their vegetable crops immediately when they purchased to consumers. It was recommended for provision of sustainable good storage facilities to the actors
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND POST-HARVEST LOSS STORAGE FACILITIES USED BY VEGETABLE CROPS VALUE CHAIN ACTORS IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Sani, M. H., Kadau, R., Sani, R. M., Danwanka, H. A.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.471","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out on analysis of socio-economic characteristics and post-harvest loss storage facilities used by vegetable crops value chain actors in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 526 respondents (210 farmers, 89 wholesalers, 128 retailers and 99 processors). Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that majority (96.70%) of the vegetable tomato, pepper and okra farmers were female, about 98% were male wholesalers,76.60% were male retailers and at processors level, majority (78.80%) were male. The marital status showed that, 90.50% of the farmers were married, for the wholesalers, 97.80% were married, for the retailers about 90% were married and at processors level, 86.90% were married. The results also, revealed that, 66.70% of the farmers were into farming as their major occupation. Similarly, 33.70% of the wholesalers were engaged in marketing of different types of vegetable crops as their occupation and 52.30% of the retailers were into marketing of different crops. Mean age of farmers was 40.20 years with minimum age of 19.00 years and maximum age of 68.00 years with a standard deviation of 9.90. For the wholesalers’, the mean age was 44.50 years, the maximum and minimum years were 73.00 years and 22.00 years, respectively, within a standard deviation was 10.25. The minimum household size is 1.00 and maximum is 22.00 persons with a standard deviation is 4.26. Similarly, for the wholesalers, the result shows that the household size was 8 persons with a minimum of 1 and maximum of 32 persons with standard deviation of 57.00. The minimum farming experience was 2.00 years and the maximum was 49.00 years with standard deviation of 7.29. Also, for the wholesalers, the result shows that, the mean marketing experience was 14.00 years with minimum of 3.00 years, maximum of 37.00 years and standard deviation of 8.12. The result revealed that, for the farmers, the mean annual income was ₦240,811.90 with the minimum annual income of ₦7,500 and maximum annual income of ₦1,100,000, with standard deviation of 217,09 .87. Also, for the wholesalers, the result shows that the mean annual income was ₦ 99,213.48 with minimum annual income of ₦20,000, and maximum annual income of ₦4,000,000 with standard deviation of 145,909.79. The findings showed that 72.86% of the farmers used open field (or open place) to store their harvested vegetable crops usually under tree shades temporarily before taken it to the market for sale. The mean distance that will take farmers to sell their vegetable crops was 16.89 km with standard deviation of 0.34 and range of 2.00. The study concluded that it takes a minimum of 1.00 day and a maximum of 2.00 days with the mean of 1.32 day for the retailers to sell their vegetable crops immediately when they purchased to consumers. It was recommended for provision of sustainable good storage facilities to the actors","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121858245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saras, J. Z., Oladimeji, Y. U., Sani, A. A., Suleiman, R.
In human nutrition, vegetables are an essential protective food containing vitamins and minerals, any balanced diet should include vegetables and fruits for this reason. The study assesses profitability and constraints of peri-urban vegetable production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Primary data collected with the aid of structured questionnaire were used for this study through farm survey in 2018. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 217 vegetable farmers for this study. Descriptive statistics, net farm income (NFI) and stochastic profit frontier regression model were used to analyze the data. It was revealed that tomatoes production has the highest profit of N145,580.7 compared with that of cucumber N112,992.7 and cabbage N78,450.3, respectively. The result showed that the estimated coefficients of (-0.342), agrochemical (-0216), fuel (0.906) and fixed cost (0.233) were statistically significant. The coefficient of fertilizer implies that a 1% increase in fertilizer cost will decrease the profit made from vegetable enterprise by -0.342 units. Furthermore, the estimated coefficient of fuel cost will increase the profit made from vegetable enter by (0.906) units. The results of inefficiency model showed that the coefficient for age (0.024) was positive and statistically significant at 1% level of probability which implies that younger vegetable farmers are more profit efficient than the older ones. Conversely, the coefficient of household size (-0.027) was negative and statistically significant at 1% level of probability implying that farmers who have large household sizes are more profit efficient than those with few. Unstable market price, high cost of labour and incidence of pest and disease were the most critical constraints faced by vegetable farmers in the study area. It is recommended that; agribusiness industries and non-governmental organization should encourage and support the vegetable famers through provision of farm inputs at a subsidies rate.
{"title":"PROFITABILITY AND CONSTRAINTS OF PERI-URBAN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Saras, J. Z., Oladimeji, Y. U., Sani, A. A., Suleiman, R.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.472","url":null,"abstract":"In human nutrition, vegetables are an essential protective food containing vitamins and minerals, any balanced diet should include vegetables and fruits for this reason. The study assesses profitability and constraints of peri-urban vegetable production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Primary data collected with the aid of structured questionnaire were used for this study through farm survey in 2018. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 217 vegetable farmers for this study. Descriptive statistics, net farm income (NFI) and stochastic profit frontier regression model were used to analyze the data. It was revealed that tomatoes production has the highest profit of N145,580.7 compared with that of cucumber N112,992.7 and cabbage N78,450.3, respectively. The result showed that the estimated coefficients of (-0.342), agrochemical (-0216), fuel (0.906) and fixed cost (0.233) were statistically significant. The coefficient of fertilizer implies that a 1% increase in fertilizer cost will decrease the profit made from vegetable enterprise by -0.342 units. Furthermore, the estimated coefficient of fuel cost will increase the profit made from vegetable enter by (0.906) units. The results of inefficiency model showed that the coefficient for age (0.024) was positive and statistically significant at 1% level of probability which implies that younger vegetable farmers are more profit efficient than the older ones. Conversely, the coefficient of household size (-0.027) was negative and statistically significant at 1% level of probability implying that farmers who have large household sizes are more profit efficient than those with few. Unstable market price, high cost of labour and incidence of pest and disease were the most critical constraints faced by vegetable farmers in the study area. It is recommended that; agribusiness industries and non-governmental organization should encourage and support the vegetable famers through provision of farm inputs at a subsidies rate.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127917106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sani, Y. M., Abubakar, M., Kalla, D. J. U., Doma, U. D.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the response of growing Yankasa rams to urea-treated or untreated millet Stover based supplements during early raining season grazing on haematological parameters and rumen metabolites. A total of 20Yankasa rams were used for the experiments in a completely randomized design with five treatments of four animals each in replicate. Five different supplements were formulated to contained 12% CP from urea-treated or urea untreated millet Stover and other ingredients with feed additive. Supplement 1 had urea untreated millet stover, while 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained urea-treated millet stover at 1, 2, 3, and 4% respectively with feed additive in experiment 4. Animals were offered their respective supplement at 400g per head per day (200g each in the morning and evening) and thereafter allowed to graze the available forages. The experiments lasted for 84 days. Result of the experiment revealed RBC and MCH differs significantly (P<0.05) across the diets. Rumen NH3-N was significantly (P<0.05) higher 51.34 and 61.18 mg/dl before and after feeding in animals fed supplement 1 than 42.06 and 52.66 mg/dl in that fed supplement 4 respectively. It is therefore concluded that all supplements had not detrimental effect on blood and rumen parameters. It is recommended that supplement with urea-untreated millet stover can be fed to Yankasa rams during raining season.
{"title":"SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES AND RUMEN METABOLITES OF GROWING YANKASA RAMS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MILLET STOVER BASED SUPPLEMENTS WITH FEED ADDITIVES DURING EARLY RAINING SEASON GRAZING","authors":"Sani, Y. M., Abubakar, M., Kalla, D. J. U., Doma, U. D.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.451","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to investigate the response of growing Yankasa rams to urea-treated or untreated millet Stover based supplements during early raining season grazing on haematological parameters and rumen metabolites. A total of 20Yankasa rams were used for the experiments in a completely randomized design with five treatments of four animals each in replicate. Five different supplements were formulated to contained 12% CP from urea-treated or urea untreated millet Stover and other ingredients with feed additive. Supplement 1 had urea untreated millet stover, while 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained urea-treated millet stover at 1, 2, 3, and 4% respectively with feed additive in experiment 4. Animals were offered their respective supplement at 400g per head per day (200g each in the morning and evening) and thereafter allowed to graze the available forages. The experiments lasted for 84 days. Result of the experiment revealed RBC and MCH differs significantly (P<0.05) across the diets. Rumen NH3-N was significantly (P<0.05) higher 51.34 and 61.18 mg/dl before and after feeding in animals fed supplement 1 than 42.06 and 52.66 mg/dl in that fed supplement 4 respectively. It is therefore concluded that all supplements had not detrimental effect on blood and rumen parameters. It is recommended that supplement with urea-untreated millet stover can be fed to Yankasa rams during raining season.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132746811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabo, M. U., Kashere, M. A., Tijjani, A., Aliyu, M.
Laboratory evaluation of phytochemical compounds and insecticidal/repellent effect of Senna siamea L. leaves was conducted. Ethanol, methanol and distilled water were used as extraction solvents for the conduct of untargeted Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the leave extracts. To mention but few, the ethanol extracts revealed the presence of 2-[2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy]ethyl acetate (C9H18O5); 3-Methylmannoside (C7H14O6); 7H-Chromen-7-one, 8-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl (C11H10O3); 3,5-Dimethylanisole C9H12O as compound with the highest percentage area.Methanol extracts showed Thiophene, tetrahydro-2-methyl- (C5H10S); 4,6-Di-O-methyl-.alpha.-d-galactose (C8H16O6); 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]- (C11H10O3); 5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl- (C13H22O) as compound with the highest percentage area. Distilled water extraction revealed Phosphoric acid, dimethyl(4-methoxy-3-t-butylphenyl) ester (C13H21O5P); Vitamin E (C29H50O2); Naphtalene-1,3-dicarbonitrile, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl (C18H14N2O); Lanosterol (C30H50O) as compound with the highest percentage area. Phytochemicals have been used for many years to control insect pest damage in agricultural crops. Pyretre, Nicotine, Rotenone and tobacco have long been used as control agents against insects in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike synthetic chemical insecticides that kill both pests and non-target organisms, botanicals pesticides are relatively target specific. They are also biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and can also be used in insecticide resistance management programs. Hence, could serve as good alternatives to chemical insecticides.
{"title":"PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN SENNA SIAMEA LEAVES POWDERS FOR INSECT PEST CONTROL","authors":"Sabo, M. U., Kashere, M. A., Tijjani, A., Aliyu, M.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.449","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory evaluation of phytochemical compounds and insecticidal/repellent effect of Senna siamea L. leaves was conducted. Ethanol, methanol and distilled water were used as extraction solvents for the conduct of untargeted Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the leave extracts. To mention but few, the ethanol extracts revealed the presence of 2-[2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy]ethyl acetate (C9H18O5); 3-Methylmannoside (C7H14O6); 7H-Chromen-7-one, 8-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl (C11H10O3); 3,5-Dimethylanisole C9H12O as compound with the highest percentage area.Methanol extracts showed Thiophene, tetrahydro-2-methyl- (C5H10S); 4,6-Di-O-methyl-.alpha.-d-galactose (C8H16O6); 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]- (C11H10O3); 5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl- (C13H22O) as compound with the highest percentage area. Distilled water extraction revealed Phosphoric acid, dimethyl(4-methoxy-3-t-butylphenyl) ester (C13H21O5P); Vitamin E (C29H50O2); Naphtalene-1,3-dicarbonitrile, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl (C18H14N2O); Lanosterol (C30H50O) as compound with the highest percentage area. Phytochemicals have been used for many years to control insect pest damage in agricultural crops. Pyretre, Nicotine, Rotenone and tobacco have long been used as control agents against insects in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike synthetic chemical insecticides that kill both pests and non-target organisms, botanicals pesticides are relatively target specific. They are also biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and can also be used in insecticide resistance management programs. Hence, could serve as good alternatives to chemical insecticides.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121887398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined farmers’ assessment of extension services delivery in Bauchi State Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling techniques was used in selecting 200 farmers from the three agricultural zones of the State. Data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that majority (84.5 %) of the farmers were male with mean age of 42 years. Also majority (75%) were married with household size mean of 8 persons. Similarly, 38 % had farming experience of 6- 10 years with mean land size of 1.5 hectares. More than half (58%) of the farmers belongs to farmers cooperatives with 26% having monthly extension contact. Similarly, 78% of the farmers received technology under crop and farming sub sector while 88.5% sourced information on extension services delivery from radio. The logistics regression shows that annual income and access to extension were significant at (P<0.01), while extension contact was significant at (P<0.05) in influencing farmers assessment of extension services delivery. The major constraint to extension services delivery were inadequate transportation/mobility of extension workers, inadequate equipment/teaching material and poor extension agent farmer ratio. It was concluded that the key factors influencing farmer’s assessment of extension services delivery in the study area were annual income, access to extension and number of extension contact. Based on the constraint highlighted the study recommended that extension agents should be provided with adequate mobility and incentives for easy access to the farmers, more extension workers need to be hired in order to significantly address the issue of poor ratio of extension agents to farming households.
{"title":"FARMERS ASSESSMENT OF EXTENSION SERVICES DELIVERY IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Musa, U. R., Abdullahi, S., Sulaiman, A.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.460","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined farmers’ assessment of extension services delivery in Bauchi State Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling techniques was used in selecting 200 farmers from the three agricultural zones of the State. Data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that majority (84.5 %) of the farmers were male with mean age of 42 years. Also majority (75%) were married with household size mean of 8 persons. Similarly, 38 % had farming experience of 6- 10 years with mean land size of 1.5 hectares. More than half (58%) of the farmers belongs to farmers cooperatives with 26% having monthly extension contact. Similarly, 78% of the farmers received technology under crop and farming sub sector while 88.5% sourced information on extension services delivery from radio. The logistics regression shows that annual income and access to extension were significant at (P<0.01), while extension contact was significant at (P<0.05) in influencing farmers assessment of extension services delivery. The major constraint to extension services delivery were inadequate transportation/mobility of extension workers, inadequate equipment/teaching material and poor extension agent farmer ratio. It was concluded that the key factors influencing farmer’s assessment of extension services delivery in the study area were annual income, access to extension and number of extension contact. Based on the constraint highlighted the study recommended that extension agents should be provided with adequate mobility and incentives for easy access to the farmers, more extension workers need to be hired in order to significantly address the issue of poor ratio of extension agents to farming households.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122319630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was carried out to determine the socio-economic characteristics and marketing channel of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) farmers’ willingness to trade through middlemen in Bauchi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 204 and 60 sesame farmers and marketers, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed an average age of 40 years; majority (84.8% and 80.0%) farmers and marketers, respectively, were married. Majority (89.7% and 96.7%) farmers and marketers, respectively, were males with average household size of 7 persons. About 63% of the sesame farmers had land size range of 1-4 hectares. Almost half of the farmers (41.2%) and marketers (30.3%) have between 6-10 years of experience with a minimum of secondary education of 43.1% and 41.7%, respectively. Most (73.0%) of the sesame farmers did not belong to any cooperative society and contrary to the marketers with 91.7% belonged to various cooperative societies. Majority (58.8% and 98.3%) of farmers and marketers were purely crop farmers and agro marketers, respectively. More than half 65.2% of the farmers were willing to trade through middlemen and 34.8% of the farmers preferred not to deal with middlemen. Majority (90.0%) of the farmers sold sesame produce through village collectors before it reaches the end user. Poor pricing (70.1%), exploitative practices of the middlemen (63.2%), low profit margin (58.3%) and prolonged, deceiving and deceit bargaining (47.5%) were the major constraints faced by the sesame farmers in dealing with middlemen in the study area. The study concluded that sesame farmers and marketers were young, agile and economically productive; middlemen were found to be highly resourceful though posed serious challenge in the marketing channel of sesame. The study recommended marketing intervention by government in sesame marketing activities like involving price appreciation, reduction in the cost of marketing, formulating and implementing marketing policies and rules by government targeted at improving infrastructures such as roads and providing marketing information outfit for sustainable improving the marketing efficiency.
{"title":"SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MARKETING CHANNEL OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO TRADE THROUGH MIDDLEMEN IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Musa, A. U., Sani, M. H., Idi, S.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.455","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out to determine the socio-economic characteristics and marketing channel of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) farmers’ willingness to trade through middlemen in Bauchi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 204 and 60 sesame farmers and marketers, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed an average age of 40 years; majority (84.8% and 80.0%) farmers and marketers, respectively, were married. Majority (89.7% and 96.7%) farmers and marketers, respectively, were males with average household size of 7 persons. About 63% of the sesame farmers had land size range of 1-4 hectares. Almost half of the farmers (41.2%) and marketers (30.3%) have between 6-10 years of experience with a minimum of secondary education of 43.1% and 41.7%, respectively. Most (73.0%) of the sesame farmers did not belong to any cooperative society and contrary to the marketers with 91.7% belonged to various cooperative societies. Majority (58.8% and 98.3%) of farmers and marketers were purely crop farmers and agro marketers, respectively. More than half 65.2% of the farmers were willing to trade through middlemen and 34.8% of the farmers preferred not to deal with middlemen. Majority (90.0%) of the farmers sold sesame produce through village collectors before it reaches the end user. Poor pricing (70.1%), exploitative practices of the middlemen (63.2%), low profit margin (58.3%) and prolonged, deceiving and deceit bargaining (47.5%) were the major constraints faced by the sesame farmers in dealing with middlemen in the study area. The study concluded that sesame farmers and marketers were young, agile and economically productive; middlemen were found to be highly resourceful though posed serious challenge in the marketing channel of sesame. The study recommended marketing intervention by government in sesame marketing activities like involving price appreciation, reduction in the cost of marketing, formulating and implementing marketing policies and rules by government targeted at improving infrastructures such as roads and providing marketing information outfit for sustainable improving the marketing efficiency.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122176153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed the role of FAO in increasing food security among food crop farmers in Jere LGA of Borno State, Nigeria. Multi stage random sampling was used in drawing 100 respondents for this study. Information was collected using structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyzed data for this study; descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, mean and percentages and food security index were used, inferential statistics in the form of logit regression was also used. Male dominated food crop production with (66%). Majority (34%) of the food crop farmers in Jere LGA were between the age bracket of (41- 50) years. Overwhelming majority of (81%) were married, and majority of (60%) had household members between (5-8) persons. The level of education was very poor as majority of (42%) had no formal education. The contribution of FAO in increasing the food security among crop farmers in Jere LGA were (assisting in diversifying livelihood 96%, farmer field school 89%), distribution of seeds, 87%). The food security status of the food crop farmers was (65%) were food secure. The logistic regression model was used to examine the socioeconomic characteristics on food security. The results revealed that 9 out of 10 variables included in the model were significant at (5% or 1%). The significant variable at 5% were age, household size, education, farm size, farming experience, access to credit, access to extension service, while marital status, income and access to credit were significant at 1%. The value of R2 that the model explains that 54.7% variation in the data. Government should support FAO in order to ensure that food crop farmers have access to improved farm input such as seed, fertilizers, and others, gets to food crop farmers easily. Large household sizes and farm size were found affect food security level in the study area. Therefore, policy measures were directed towards the provision of better family planning, increased awareness and access to family planning facilities should give adequate attention and priority by government. In view of this, strategies for an effective community participation in design of concept and messages aimed at imparting knowledge about family planning to households are recommended.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF FAO IN INCREASING FOOD SECURITY AMONG FOOD CROP FARMERS IN JERE LGA BORNO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Nuhu, H. S., Aliyu, Y. M., Wadai, A. M.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.466","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the role of FAO in increasing food security among food crop farmers in Jere LGA of Borno State, Nigeria. Multi stage random sampling was used in drawing 100 respondents for this study. Information was collected using structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyzed data for this study; descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, mean and percentages and food security index were used, inferential statistics in the form of logit regression was also used. Male dominated food crop production with (66%). Majority (34%) of the food crop farmers in Jere LGA were between the age bracket of (41- 50) years. Overwhelming majority of (81%) were married, and majority of (60%) had household members between (5-8) persons. The level of education was very poor as majority of (42%) had no formal education. The contribution of FAO in increasing the food security among crop farmers in Jere LGA were (assisting in diversifying livelihood 96%, farmer field school 89%), distribution of seeds, 87%). The food security status of the food crop farmers was (65%) were food secure. The logistic regression model was used to examine the socioeconomic characteristics on food security. The results revealed that 9 out of 10 variables included in the model were significant at (5% or 1%). The significant variable at 5% were age, household size, education, farm size, farming experience, access to credit, access to extension service, while marital status, income and access to credit were significant at 1%. The value of R2 that the model explains that 54.7% variation in the data. Government should support FAO in order to ensure that food crop farmers have access to improved farm input such as seed, fertilizers, and others, gets to food crop farmers easily. Large household sizes and farm size were found affect food security level in the study area. Therefore, policy measures were directed towards the provision of better family planning, increased awareness and access to family planning facilities should give adequate attention and priority by government. In view of this, strategies for an effective community participation in design of concept and messages aimed at imparting knowledge about family planning to households are recommended.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130578081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abubakar A., Doma, U. D., Egbo, M. L., Muhammad, A. S.
A nine-weeks study was conducted to evaluated the growth performance and cost benefits of weaner rabbits fed dietary levels of maize milling residue (MMR). Forty (40) mixed breeds of both sexes, aged between 8 and 10 weeks having an initial weight of 759 - 771g each, were allotted to four experimental diets in replicates of ten containing one rabbit each in a complete randomise design. The diets contained maize milling residue at 0, 30, 35 and 40% levels, coded as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Data was collected on performance, digestibility and cost benefit. Except for feed conversion ratio, no significant (P<0.05) effect of diet was observed on performance indices. Feed conversion ratio was best (P<0.05) on T3 (4.66). followed by T5 (5.15) and T2 (5.85) which were the same, then T1 (6.03). daily feed intake ranged between 60.68g on T4 and 65.00g on T2, daily weight gain was from 10.44g (T1) to 11.83g (T3) while final weight ranged between 1292.50g and 1430.00g on T3 and T4 respectively. Nutrient digestibility revealed higher (P<0.05) mean values for crude protein on T3 (80.46%) and T4 (79.84%) than on T1 (79.25%) and T2 (79.29%). Feed cost/kg reduced linearly from N190.01 (T1) - N135.00 (T4)) with increased dietary MMR. Feed cost per kg gain also decreased with increased level of dietary MMR. Diet T4 (N750.25) had the lowest value. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of up to 40% MMR in weaner rabbit diets reduced feed cost without compromising growth performance.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY AND COST BENEFITS OF WEANER RABBITS FED DIETARY LEVELS OF MAIZE MILLING RESIDUE","authors":"Abubakar A., Doma, U. D., Egbo, M. L., Muhammad, A. S.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.462","url":null,"abstract":"A nine-weeks study was conducted to evaluated the growth performance and cost benefits of weaner rabbits fed dietary levels of maize milling residue (MMR). Forty (40) mixed breeds of both sexes, aged between 8 and 10 weeks having an initial weight of 759 - 771g each, were allotted to four experimental diets in replicates of ten containing one rabbit each in a complete randomise design. The diets contained maize milling residue at 0, 30, 35 and 40% levels, coded as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Data was collected on performance, digestibility and cost benefit. Except for feed conversion ratio, no significant (P<0.05) effect of diet was observed on performance indices. Feed conversion ratio was best (P<0.05) on T3 (4.66). followed by T5 (5.15) and T2 (5.85) which were the same, then T1 (6.03). daily feed intake ranged between 60.68g on T4 and 65.00g on T2, daily weight gain was from 10.44g (T1) to 11.83g (T3) while final weight ranged between 1292.50g and 1430.00g on T3 and T4 respectively. Nutrient digestibility revealed higher (P<0.05) mean values for crude protein on T3 (80.46%) and T4 (79.84%) than on T1 (79.25%) and T2 (79.29%). Feed cost/kg reduced linearly from N190.01 (T1) - N135.00 (T4)) with increased dietary MMR. Feed cost per kg gain also decreased with increased level of dietary MMR. Diet T4 (N750.25) had the lowest value. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of up to 40% MMR in weaner rabbit diets reduced feed cost without compromising growth performance.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130068148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined the determinants of choice of agribusiness as career option after graduation among agricultural students of tertiary institutions in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that, the respondents have a mean age of 27 years and majority (62.7%) were male and mostly (65.3%) single while 28.0% were married. About 65% of the respondents gained their admission through unified tertiary and matriculation examination, 34.7% through direct entry and 87.3% choose agriculture as first choice. Majority (63.7%) were in second class and only 3.67% on first class with average monthly income of ₦22,500. Majority (65.3%) of the respondents were unemployed while the employed constituted 34.7% The results further showed that 30% of the parents of the respondents were self-employed in non-farm business while 11% were self-employed in farm business. Most (85.7%) of the respondents have no any farm related enterprise. The results also indicated that 60.7% of the respondents’ families reside in the towns and cities while34.33% reside in the villages. Similarly, majority (57.7%, 55.0% and 50.0%) of the respondents preferred to venture into crop production, livestock and input dealer respectively. Among the factors influencing students’ choice of agribusiness as career option after graduation were age, mode of entry and source of information all of which were significant P≤0.05 influencing the choice of agribusiness as career option after graduation. Poor market, institutional and shortage of agro allied industries were the most perceived constraints ranked 1st,2nd and 3rd respectively. The study concluded that, age (P≤ 0.01), mode of entry (P≤ 0.01) and source of information were significant (P≤0.05) were the major determinants of agribusiness as career option after graduation. The study recommended promotion of institutional support, Agro-industrial policy, infrastructure development and establishment of strategic marketing to explore agribusiness policies and potentials, insurance cover and business registration for graduates should be subsidized by government in order to have more take up.
{"title":"SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF AGRIBUSINESS AS CAREER OPTION AFTER GRADUATION AMONG AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Luka, J., Murtala, N., Sani, M. H.","doi":"10.59331/njaat.v3i1.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v3i1.457","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the determinants of choice of agribusiness as career option after graduation among agricultural students of tertiary institutions in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that, the respondents have a mean age of 27 years and majority (62.7%) were male and mostly (65.3%) single while 28.0% were married. About 65% of the respondents gained their admission through unified tertiary and matriculation examination, 34.7% through direct entry and 87.3% choose agriculture as first choice. Majority (63.7%) were in second class and only 3.67% on first class with average monthly income of ₦22,500. Majority (65.3%) of the respondents were unemployed while the employed constituted 34.7% The results further showed that 30% of the parents of the respondents were self-employed in non-farm business while 11% were self-employed in farm business. Most (85.7%) of the respondents have no any farm related enterprise. The results also indicated that 60.7% of the respondents’ families reside in the towns and cities while34.33% reside in the villages. Similarly, majority (57.7%, 55.0% and 50.0%) of the respondents preferred to venture into crop production, livestock and input dealer respectively. Among the factors influencing students’ choice of agribusiness as career option after graduation were age, mode of entry and source of information all of which were significant P≤0.05 influencing the choice of agribusiness as career option after graduation. Poor market, institutional and shortage of agro allied industries were the most perceived constraints ranked 1st,2nd and 3rd respectively. The study concluded that, age (P≤ 0.01), mode of entry (P≤ 0.01) and source of information were significant (P≤0.05) were the major determinants of agribusiness as career option after graduation. The study recommended promotion of institutional support, Agro-industrial policy, infrastructure development and establishment of strategic marketing to explore agribusiness policies and potentials, insurance cover and business registration for graduates should be subsidized by government in order to have more take up.","PeriodicalId":346909,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124429949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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