Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.47723/kcmj.v19i1.1017
Laith Thamer Al-Ameri, E. Hameed
Artificial intelligence is a discipline of computer science that gives machines intelligence that resembles that of humans and empowers them to acquire knowledge, evaluate, and handle issues when exposed to information in different formats. AI is now useful as a powerful tool to help researchers collect, deal with, and analyze large sets of data in a fast and cost-effective way; additionally, a statistical collection and analysis of a vast amount of dataset of enormous numbers of published research articles will be with a high level of accuracy. However, Artificial intelligence has many struggles, conflicts, and challenges that need to be discussed and clarified.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives","authors":"Laith Thamer Al-Ameri, E. Hameed","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v19i1.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v19i1.1017","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence is a discipline of computer science that gives machines intelligence that resembles that of humans and empowers them to acquire knowledge, evaluate, and handle issues when exposed to information in different formats. AI is now useful as a powerful tool to help researchers collect, deal with, and analyze large sets of data in a fast and cost-effective way; additionally, a statistical collection and analysis of a vast amount of dataset of enormous numbers of published research articles will be with a high level of accuracy. \u0000However, Artificial intelligence has many struggles, conflicts, and challenges that need to be discussed and clarified.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44323089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy is becoming a gold standard in the work up of suspicious breast lesion. In Iraq, radiologists are not taking the lead in core needle biopsy performance. Objectives: To evaluate the radiologist performance of core needle biopsy highlighting the precession and accuracy of the procedure, the concordance of ultrasound and histopathology, and identifying challenges facing the radiologist during the procedure. Subjects and Methods: A prospective study involving a total of 50 patients with ultrasound (US) BIRADS IV or V. Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy was performed for each patient. Surgical pathology diagnosis was available for 40 patients. core needle biopsy results were correlated with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories and validity of the test was evaluated. Results: Malignancy was confirmed by histopathology in 76% of the cores. Concordance between BI-RADS(US) and histopathology for benignity and malignancy was achieved in all cores. Borderline lesions constituted 10% of total cores taken. Surgical resection of these lesions upgraded 3/5 (60%): two atypical ductal hyperplasia and an intraductal papillary lesions diagnosed by core needle biopsy found to be invasive ductal carcinoma after surgical resection. Sensitivity of core needle biopsy in this study was 91.4% with 100% specificity. Positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 62.5% respectively. The underestimation rate in high-risk group was 3/5 (60%). No significant complication was reported. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy is a safe, efficient and relatively inexpensive method in diagnosing suspicious breast lesions. Radiologists can produce high sensitivity and specificity results. Radio pathological correlation is of paramount in achieving accurate results.
{"title":"Ultrasound Guided Core Needle Biopsy in The Diagnosis of Suspicious Breast Lesions: Radiologist’s perspectives","authors":"Nabaa Aswad, Raad Hefdhi Abedtwfeq","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v19i1.802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v19i1.802","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy is becoming a gold standard in the work up of suspicious breast lesion. In Iraq, radiologists are not taking the lead in core needle biopsy performance.\u0000Objectives: To evaluate the radiologist performance of core needle biopsy highlighting the precession and accuracy of the procedure, the concordance of ultrasound and histopathology, and identifying challenges facing the radiologist during the procedure.\u0000Subjects and Methods: A prospective study involving a total of 50 patients with ultrasound (US) BIRADS IV or V. Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy was performed for each patient. Surgical pathology diagnosis was available for 40 patients. core needle biopsy results were correlated with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories and validity of the test was evaluated.\u0000Results: Malignancy was confirmed by histopathology in 76% of the cores. Concordance between BI-RADS(US) and histopathology for benignity and malignancy was achieved in all cores. Borderline lesions constituted 10% of total cores taken. Surgical resection of these lesions upgraded 3/5 (60%): two atypical ductal hyperplasia and an intraductal papillary lesions diagnosed by core needle biopsy found to be invasive ductal carcinoma after surgical resection. Sensitivity of core needle biopsy in this study was 91.4% with 100% specificity. Positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 62.5% respectively. The underestimation rate in high-risk group was 3/5 (60%). No significant complication was reported.\u0000Conclusion: Ultrasound guided core needle biopsy is a safe, efficient and relatively inexpensive method in diagnosing suspicious breast lesions. Radiologists can produce high sensitivity and specificity results. Radio pathological correlation is of paramount in achieving accurate results.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46916227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fawzy Mazen Abunejma, Abdelrhman Muwaffaq Janem, Asala Mohammad Awaysa, Waleed Nadi Kawazbeh, Rasha Mohammed Hasan Awad, Lamees Saleh ilian khalil, Afnan W. M. Jobran
The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) considers a post-infectious immunological response to coronavirus illness (COVID-19) that was originally identified in the United Kingdom and later identified in other countries. A previously healthy 3-month-old boy was admitted to hospital context with -5-day history of fever, gastrointestinal symptoms [diarrhea, vomiting of normal gastric contents], hypoactivity, and poor oral intake, but so far no history of covid-19 active disease. The infant was dehydrated, with macular non-blanching skin rash everywhere over his body and widespread non-pitting edema. With supportive measures, methylprednisolone and IV immunoglobulin, the child improved, with his fever, skin rash, and laboratory tests returning to normal. On the seventh day of hospitalization, he was discharged. This is identified as the youngest reported case of MIS-C since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
{"title":"The Youngest Palestinian Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C)","authors":"Fawzy Mazen Abunejma, Abdelrhman Muwaffaq Janem, Asala Mohammad Awaysa, Waleed Nadi Kawazbeh, Rasha Mohammed Hasan Awad, Lamees Saleh ilian khalil, Afnan W. M. Jobran","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.856","url":null,"abstract":"The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) considers a post-infectious immunological response to coronavirus illness (COVID-19) that was originally identified in the United Kingdom and later identified in other countries. A previously healthy 3-month-old boy was admitted to hospital context with -5-day history of fever, gastrointestinal symptoms [diarrhea, vomiting of normal gastric contents], hypoactivity, and poor oral intake, but so far no history of covid-19 active disease. The infant was dehydrated, with macular non-blanching skin rash everywhere over his body and widespread non-pitting edema. With supportive measures, methylprednisolone and IV immunoglobulin, the child improved, with his fever, skin rash, and laboratory tests returning to normal. On the seventh day of hospitalization, he was discharged. This is identified as the youngest reported case of MIS-C since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47575303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. F. Raham, Ahmed Nabeel Abdul-Wahab, Zainab Ali Chaloub
Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and congenital rubella (CR) infections are well-known causes potentially leading to devastating consequences. This report aims to address the prevalence of each of these infections among suspected infants in a pediatric hospital in Baghdad. The study sample includes 120 blood samples of suspected infants consulting Al-Alwyia pediatric teaching hospital over one year. This report represents an extension of a previous article published in Al-Kindy College Medical Journal KCMJ about cytomegalovirus infection (CMV). Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the results show that 5.8% and 5% were positive for specific IgM antibodies for rubella and toxoplasmosis respectively. Results also show that CMV is more common than CT and CR. Although results reported one case of co-existence of IgM antibodies for both CMV and rubella, there was a significant association of negative CMV IgG and IgM results with positive rubella results; and negative rubella results with CMV IgG and IgM results. Conclusions: This short brief addressed the prevalence of CT and CR in Baghdad. A novel finding identified in this brief is the association of the prevalence of CR active infection with negative past and negative recent CMV infections, and the association of prevalence of CMV active and past infections with negative CR infection Recommendations: The study recommends increased awareness, early diagnosis and treatment for congenital infection, and consolidation of coverage of the rubella vaccine for children and girls at premarital age.
先天性弓形虫病(CT)和先天性风疹(CR)感染是众所周知的可能导致毁灭性后果的原因。本报告的目的是讨论在巴格达一家儿科医院的疑似婴儿中每种感染的流行情况。研究样本包括120个在Al-Alwyia儿科教学医院就诊一年以上的疑似婴儿的血液样本。该报告是对先前发表在Al-Kindy College Medical Journal KCMJ上的一篇关于巨细胞病毒感染(CMV)的文章的延伸。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)结果显示，风疹和弓形虫病IgM特异性抗体阳性率分别为5.8%和5%。结果还显示CMV比CT和cr更常见，虽然结果报道了CMV和风疹IgM抗体共存的一例，但CMV IgG和IgM阴性与风疹阳性结果有显著相关性;CMV IgG和IgM结果均为阴性。结论:本文简要介绍了巴格达CT和CR的流行情况。本摘要中确定的一个新发现是CR活动性感染的流行与既往和近期CMV阴性感染的流行之间的关联，以及CMV活动性和既往感染的流行与CR阴性感染之间的关联。建议:该研究建议提高对先天性感染的认识，早期诊断和治疗，并巩固风疹疫苗在婚前年龄的儿童和女孩的覆盖率。
{"title":"Prevalence of Congenital Toxoplasmosis and Congenital Rubella among Suspected Infants in Baghdad","authors":"T. F. Raham, Ahmed Nabeel Abdul-Wahab, Zainab Ali Chaloub","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.854","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and congenital rubella (CR) infections are well-known causes potentially leading to devastating consequences. This report aims to address the prevalence of each of these infections among suspected infants in a pediatric hospital in Baghdad.\u0000The study sample includes 120 blood samples of suspected infants consulting Al-Alwyia pediatric teaching hospital over one year. This report represents an extension of a previous article published in Al-Kindy College Medical Journal KCMJ about cytomegalovirus infection (CMV). Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the results show that 5.8% and 5% were positive for specific IgM antibodies for rubella and toxoplasmosis respectively. Results also show that CMV is more common than CT and CR.\u0000Although results reported one case of co-existence of IgM antibodies for both CMV and rubella, there was a significant association of negative CMV IgG and IgM results with positive rubella results; and negative rubella results with CMV IgG and IgM results.\u0000Conclusions: This short brief addressed the prevalence of CT and CR in Baghdad. A novel finding identified in this brief is the association of the prevalence of CR active infection with negative past and negative recent CMV infections, and the association of prevalence of CMV active and past infections with negative CR infection\u0000Recommendations: The study recommends increased awareness, early diagnosis and treatment for congenital infection, and consolidation of coverage of the rubella vaccine for children and girls at premarital age.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42782260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide and characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. The most important factor that is responsible for oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is hyperglycemia. The major targets of ROS are proteins. The most common and widely used biomarker of severe oxidative protein damage is protein carbonyl content. The study was designed to assess the serum level of protein carbonyl as a marker of protein oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the effect of age, body weight, waist circumference, diabetic control and disease duration on the level of protein carbonyl. Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study that included 91 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Eighty-five non-diabetic apparently healthy subjects matched for both age and sex with cases were enrolled as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected after an overnight fasting to measure protein carbonyl, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin. Results: The level of serum protein carbonyl was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls and positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin, age of participant and disease duration as well as with body mass index and waist circumference. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increase in protein oxidation in term of increase in the level of serum protein carbonyl with significant association in those who had poor glycemic control, obesity, higher age, and prolonged disease duration suggest that the carbonyl content of protein may be useful in evaluating the disease progression. Significant positive correlation of protein carbonyl together with waist circumference suggest that individual with central obesity are more susceptible to protein oxidation.
{"title":"Assessment of Serum Level of Protein Carbonyl as a Marker of Protein Oxidation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Amani A. Yaas, A. al-Shakour, A. Mansour","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.827","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide and characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. The most important factor that is responsible for oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is hyperglycemia. The major targets of ROS are proteins. The most common and widely used biomarker of severe oxidative protein damage is protein carbonyl content.\u0000The study was designed to assess the serum level of protein carbonyl as a marker of protein oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the effect of age, body weight, waist circumference, diabetic control and disease duration on the level of protein carbonyl.\u0000Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study that included 91 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Eighty-five non-diabetic apparently healthy subjects matched for both age and sex with cases were enrolled as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected after an overnight fasting to measure protein carbonyl, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin.\u0000Results: The level of serum protein carbonyl was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls and positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin, age of participant and disease duration as well as with body mass index and waist circumference.\u0000Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increase in protein oxidation in term of increase in the level of serum protein carbonyl with significant association in those who had poor glycemic control, obesity, higher age, and prolonged disease duration suggest that the carbonyl content of protein may be useful in evaluating the disease progression. Significant positive correlation of protein carbonyl together with waist circumference suggest that individual with central obesity are more susceptible to protein oxidation.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42479117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smaa Elsayed Mohammed, Basma Aml Youssef, Doaa Alaa Ghonai, Eman Fares Ahmed, Esraa Gharieb Mohammed, Mai Ashraf Abdo, Mai Essam Mohammed, Rana Gharieb Hassan, Reem Mohammed Mohammed, Rofida Ahmed Abd Al-Azeem, Sarah Adel Swelem, Sarah Ouda Salman, Sarah Mohammed Al-aiyq, Toka Taha Taha, Zainab Khalid Moawad
Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immune therapy used to treat different types of cancers. These drugs block different checkpoint proteins, for example, CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 inhibitors. They block proteins that stop the immune system from attacking the cancer cells. Checkpoints are also described as a type of monoclonal antibody that antagonizes binding between B7 to CTLA-4 and PD-L1 to PD-1. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat BARCA mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCS) in patients who do not respond to chemotherapy, and also in the treatment of highly mutated and solid tumors such as brain tumors, liver, and pancreatic cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit an effect on solid tumors by suppressing CTLA-4, PD-1, and PDL-1. Anti-PD-1 is less toxic than anti-CTLA-4. For melanoma Brain metastasis immune checkpoint therapy is more effective and Combination therapy has great efficacy and less toxicity which improves overall survival rather than individual therapy liver cancer as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma used treatment with Genetics based therapy while using alternative immune checkpoint ligands, co-inhibitory (eg. LAG-3) or decreased t-cell infiltration causing therapy failure. Clinical studies for pancreatic cancer have not been completed yet and treating PDA needs more research as immune checkpoint inhibitors is a new treatment against PDA. A new potent class of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab have been FDA approved. For mutated tumors, Combination therapy between checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy has great efficacy and improves the city of life and overall survival, rather than individual therapy when using radiation or chemotherapy alone.
{"title":"A Role of Therapy that Targets Immune Checkpoint Proteins for the Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastasis, Liver, Breast, Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma","authors":"Smaa Elsayed Mohammed, Basma Aml Youssef, Doaa Alaa Ghonai, Eman Fares Ahmed, Esraa Gharieb Mohammed, Mai Ashraf Abdo, Mai Essam Mohammed, Rana Gharieb Hassan, Reem Mohammed Mohammed, Rofida Ahmed Abd Al-Azeem, Sarah Adel Swelem, Sarah Ouda Salman, Sarah Mohammed Al-aiyq, Toka Taha Taha, Zainab Khalid Moawad","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.798","url":null,"abstract":"Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immune therapy used to treat different types of cancers. These drugs block different checkpoint proteins, for example, CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 inhibitors.\u0000They block proteins that stop the immune system from attacking the cancer cells. Checkpoints are also described as a type of monoclonal antibody that antagonizes binding between B7 to CTLA-4 and PD-L1 to PD-1.\u0000 Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat BARCA mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCS) in patients who do not respond to chemotherapy, and also in the treatment of highly mutated and solid tumors such as brain tumors, liver, and pancreatic cancers.\u0000Immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit an effect on solid tumors by suppressing CTLA-4, PD-1, and PDL-1. Anti-PD-1 is less toxic than anti-CTLA-4.\u0000For melanoma Brain metastasis immune checkpoint therapy is more effective and Combination therapy has great efficacy and less toxicity which improves overall survival rather than individual therapy\u0000liver cancer as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma used treatment with Genetics based therapy while using alternative immune checkpoint ligands, co-inhibitory (eg. LAG-3) or decreased t-cell infiltration causing therapy failure.\u0000Clinical studies for pancreatic cancer have not been completed yet and treating PDA needs more research as immune checkpoint inhibitors is a new treatment against PDA. A new potent class of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab have been FDA approved.\u0000For mutated tumors, Combination therapy between checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy has great efficacy and improves the city of life and overall survival, rather than individual therapy when using radiation or chemotherapy alone.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43004409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Iron homeostasis is crucial to many physiological functions in the human body, such as cellular activity, erythropoiesis, and the innate immune response. Iron deficiency anemia may occur from obesity's ability to disturb iron homeostasis. Obesity may be seen as a pre-inflammatory condition with mild, ongoing systemic inflammation. Additionally, an increase in hepcidin levels by chronic inflammation causes iron insufficiency in obese people. For this reason, this current experiment is designed to investigate the iron profile and some hematological and inflammatory parameters in obese adults in the Kurdistan region-Iraq. Subjects and Methods: The cross-sectional study was designed within the context of a medium private laboratory with participants being common people involved, 200 adults participated in this study and were allocated into two groups according to BMI (control group (BMI ≤ 29.9): N=100 and obese group (BMI >30): N=100). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were assessed. Blood sera (once) was obtained for iron profiles (s. Iron, Ferritin, Hepcidin) and inflammatory levels (c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)). Results: Our findings highlighted that all inflammatory markers increased significantly in the obese groups in both sexes and a positive correlation with BMI and a significant decrease in iron in the obese group. Conclusions: This research reveals that hepcidin levels in obese adult people contribute to the development of iron deficiency anemia due to increased inflammation.
{"title":"Alterations in some Physiological and Inflammatory Markers in Iron-Deficient Obese Adults in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Brwa Zahir, K. Khafar, M. H. Hama Salih","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.883","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron homeostasis is crucial to many physiological functions in the human body, such as cellular activity, erythropoiesis, and the innate immune response. Iron deficiency anemia may occur from obesity's ability to disturb iron homeostasis. Obesity may be seen as a pre-inflammatory condition with mild, ongoing systemic inflammation. Additionally, an increase in hepcidin levels by chronic inflammation causes iron insufficiency in obese people. For this reason, this current experiment is designed to investigate the iron profile and some hematological and inflammatory parameters in obese adults in the Kurdistan region-Iraq.\u0000Subjects and Methods: The cross-sectional study was designed within the context of a medium private laboratory with participants being common people involved, 200 adults participated in this study and were allocated into two groups according to BMI (control group (BMI ≤ 29.9): N=100 and obese group (BMI >30): N=100). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were assessed. Blood sera (once) was obtained for iron profiles (s. Iron, Ferritin, Hepcidin) and inflammatory levels (c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6)).\u0000Results: Our findings highlighted that all inflammatory markers increased significantly in the obese groups in both sexes and a positive correlation with BMI and a significant decrease in iron in the obese group.\u0000Conclusions: This research reveals that hepcidin levels in obese adult people contribute to the development of iron deficiency anemia due to increased inflammation.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akram Sabah Matshar, M. Majeed, Mohamed Sadoon Mohson
Background: Most primary hypothyroidism patients also experience inefficiency and irregularity. It is possible to understand the significance of myo-inositol in treating the thyroid gland by relating it to the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Study aimed to estimate serum of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) in primary hypothyroidism disorder and through that level it can shed light on whether it is accused of inactivity of the thyroid gland and at the same time open the doors for the use as a treatment. Subject and Methods: The study was taken from the analytical cross-sectional design.120 subjects were divided into three groups, the first group included 40 healthy subjects, the second group included 25 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, and the last group had 55 patients with primary hypothyroidism. with the subjects chosen from a teaching laboratory in the medical city. thyroid hormones and serum TSH was determined using Enzyme Immunoassay by Tosoh instrument assay, while serum inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) using (ELISA) system. Results: primary hypothyroidism patients showed a significant (p≤0.05) decrease level of serum IP3 when compared with healthy subjects. There is significant positive correlation with serum inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) and each triiodothyronine S.T3 (r = 0.581, p ≤0.05), thyroxine S.T4 (r = 0.597, p ≤0.05), and significant negative correlation thyroid-stimulating hormone S.TSH (r=-0.820, p≤0.05), in primary hypothyroidism Patients. Conclusions: inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) deficiency in primary hypothyroidism disorder may be a cause of it happening, at the same time may be useful in its treatment even if it was not studied adequately in the study, but through its effect on a thyroid hormone.
{"title":"The Correlation between Serum Inositol 1,4,5 Triphosphate Level and Primary Hypothyroidism","authors":"Akram Sabah Matshar, M. Majeed, Mohamed Sadoon Mohson","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.862","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most primary hypothyroidism patients also experience inefficiency and irregularity. It is possible to understand the significance of myo-inositol in treating the thyroid gland by relating it to the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Study aimed to estimate serum of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) in primary hypothyroidism disorder and through that level it can shed light on whether it is accused of inactivity of the thyroid gland and at the same time open the doors for the use as a treatment.\u0000Subject and Methods: The study was taken from the analytical cross-sectional design.120 subjects were divided into three groups, the first group included 40 healthy subjects, the second group included 25 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, and the last group had 55 patients with primary hypothyroidism. with the subjects chosen from a teaching laboratory in the medical city. thyroid hormones and serum TSH was determined using Enzyme Immunoassay by Tosoh instrument assay, while serum inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) using (ELISA) system.\u0000Results: primary hypothyroidism patients showed a significant (p≤0.05) decrease level of serum IP3 when compared with healthy subjects. There is significant positive correlation with serum inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) and each triiodothyronine S.T3 (r = 0.581, p ≤0.05), thyroxine S.T4 (r = 0.597, p ≤0.05), and significant negative correlation thyroid-stimulating hormone S.TSH (r=-0.820, p≤0.05), in primary hypothyroidism Patients.\u0000Conclusions: inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) deficiency in primary hypothyroidism disorder may be a cause of it happening, at the same time may be useful in its treatment even if it was not studied adequately in the study, but through its effect on a thyroid hormone.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43355499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system. Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system. to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a total of 72 doctors using a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, the P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: of the total 72 physicians, 31(43.1%) aged 40-49years, 48(66.7%) were males, and 58(80.6%) were specialists., 58 doctors (80.6%) had no coordination with the PHC-doctors, the same percentage considered the current referral system is ineffective. PHC patients-crowded, doctors-shortage were the causes of inadequately filling PHC-part of the referral form. And PHC-hospital doctors-coordination had a significant association with their age, gender, and their thinking about adequate filling. Conclusion: despite the importance of the referral system, half of the doctors disagreed about the current referral system’s effectiveness; & most of them had no coordination with the PHC-doctors. PHC crowded/doctors’ shortage the main causes of inadequate filling PHC part of referral-form. الملخص: الخلفية: تعتبر الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالإجماع حجر الزاوية في نظام صحي يركز على المريض. في حين أن اعتماد نظام إحالة جيد ثنائي الاتجاه ومنظم هو الدعامة الأساسية في تطوير نظام فعال لتقديم الرعاية الصحية. الهدف: تقييم ممارسة ورأي الأطباء في المستشفيات تجاه نظام الإحالة. كذلك لتحديد مدى التزام الأطباء في المستشفى بتعليمات وإرشادات نظام الإحالة. طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية مع عناصر تحليلية في تسع محافظات عراقية. ثمانية أطباء من كل مديرية صحية ، مما أدى إلى ااشتراك 72 طبيبًا في استبيان مصمم خصيصًا للبحث. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام SPSS ، واعتبر P≤0.05 ذو دلالة إحصائية. النتائج: من إجمالي 72 طبيبًا ، 31 (43.1٪) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-49 عامًا ، 48 (66.7٪) من الذكورو 58 (80.6٪) من المتخصصين. ، 58 (80.6٪) منهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء الرعاية الصحية الأولية. و بنفس النسبة يعتبرون نظام الإحالة الحالي غير فعال. ازدحام المرضى في المراكز ونقص الأطباء هي اهم أسباب نقص ملأ نموذج الإحالة الخاص باطباءالمراكز الصحية بشكل مناسب. وكان لتنسيق أطباء مستشفى الرعاية الصحية الأولية علاقة كبيرة مع العمر والجنس وتفكيرهم في الملأ االنموذجي. الخلاصة: بالرغم من أهمية نظام الإحالة ، اختلف نصف الأطباء حول فعالية نظام الإحالة الحالي. ومعظمهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء المراكز الصحية. ازدحام الرعاية الصحية الأولية / نقص الأطباء اهم الأسباب الرئيسية لضعف ملأ نموذج الإحالة.
{"title":"Practice & Opinion of Doctors in Hospitals toward Referral System in Iraq","authors":"Sahar Abdul Hassan Al-Shatari, Taghlub H. Rayhan","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.813","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system. \u0000Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system. to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines. \u0000Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a total of 72 doctors using a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, the P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: of the total 72 physicians, 31(43.1%) aged 40-49years, 48(66.7%) were males, and 58(80.6%) were specialists., 58 doctors (80.6%) had no coordination with the PHC-doctors, the same percentage considered the current referral system is ineffective. PHC patients-crowded, doctors-shortage were the causes of inadequately filling PHC-part of the referral form. And PHC-hospital doctors-coordination had a significant association with their age, gender, and their thinking about adequate filling. \u0000Conclusion: despite the importance of the referral system, half of the doctors disagreed about the current referral system’s effectiveness; & most of them had no coordination with the PHC-doctors. PHC crowded/doctors’ shortage the main causes of inadequate filling PHC part of referral-form. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000الملخص: \u0000الخلفية: تعتبر الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالإجماع حجر الزاوية في نظام صحي يركز على المريض. في حين أن اعتماد نظام إحالة جيد ثنائي الاتجاه ومنظم هو الدعامة الأساسية في تطوير نظام فعال لتقديم الرعاية الصحية. \u0000الهدف: تقييم ممارسة ورأي الأطباء في المستشفيات تجاه نظام الإحالة. كذلك لتحديد مدى التزام الأطباء في المستشفى بتعليمات وإرشادات نظام الإحالة. \u0000طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية مع عناصر تحليلية في تسع محافظات عراقية. ثمانية أطباء من كل مديرية صحية ، مما أدى إلى ااشتراك 72 طبيبًا في استبيان مصمم خصيصًا للبحث. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام SPSS ، واعتبر P≤0.05 ذو دلالة إحصائية. \u0000النتائج: من إجمالي 72 طبيبًا ، 31 (43.1٪) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-49 عامًا ، 48 (66.7٪) من الذكورو 58 (80.6٪) من المتخصصين. ، 58 (80.6٪) منهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء الرعاية الصحية الأولية. و بنفس النسبة يعتبرون نظام الإحالة الحالي غير فعال. ازدحام المرضى في المراكز ونقص الأطباء هي اهم أسباب نقص ملأ نموذج الإحالة الخاص باطباءالمراكز الصحية بشكل مناسب. وكان لتنسيق أطباء مستشفى الرعاية الصحية الأولية علاقة كبيرة مع العمر والجنس وتفكيرهم في الملأ االنموذجي. \u0000الخلاصة: بالرغم من أهمية نظام الإحالة ، اختلف نصف الأطباء حول فعالية نظام الإحالة الحالي. ومعظمهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء المراكز الصحية. ازدحام الرعاية الصحية الأولية / نقص الأطباء اهم الأسباب الرئيسية لضعف ملأ نموذج الإحالة. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45948573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 20 year-old male was admitted with a history of recurrent palpitations from 5 years. Baseline ECG revealed premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) with delta waves. Stress ECG showed short non-sustained Ventricular tachycardia (VT). Echocardiography showed moderate dilation of the left ventricle with mild reduced systolic function and Ejection fraction was estimated to be 42%. Right ventricle was mildly dilated and hypokinetic. Both atria were mildly dilated. The patient referred to CVC for EP study with possible ablation. The ablation of the focus led to complete suppression of the ectopy. Post-procedure ECG and echocardiography showed normalized rhythm and systolic function.
{"title":"Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathy. A Palestinian Experience","authors":"Abdelrhman Janem, A. Zazo, Afnan W M Jobran","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.853","url":null,"abstract":"A 20 year-old male was admitted with a history of recurrent palpitations from 5 years. Baseline ECG revealed premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) with delta waves. Stress ECG showed short non-sustained Ventricular tachycardia (VT). Echocardiography showed moderate dilation of the left ventricle with mild reduced systolic function and Ejection fraction was estimated to be 42%. Right ventricle was mildly dilated and hypokinetic. Both atria were mildly dilated. The patient referred to CVC for EP study with possible ablation. The ablation of the focus led to complete suppression of the ectopy. Post-procedure ECG and echocardiography showed normalized rhythm and systolic function.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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