Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a clinical syndrome that occurs when there is gradual decline in renal operation overtime. Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among medical students at university of Baghdad, college of medicine in Iraq and the association between some variables and depression. Aim: This study aimed to identify the impact of tobacco use in the etiology of chronic renal failure among Sudanese patients in Omdurman Military Hospital and Omdurman Kidney Dialysis Center Materials and methods: This descriptive community-based study was conducted in Khartoum State. A random sample of 100 cases with chronic renal failure and 100 control subjects were selected. Demographic, socioeconomic characteristics, prevalence of tobacco use among the respondents and incidence of acute and chronic illnesses associated with renal failure were statically tested to find its correlation to renal failure Results: Findings showed that there was no significant statistical association between educational level and occupational status, to chronic renal failure (P-value > 0.05). Use of tobacco including cigarettes, snuff and water pipe, indicated significant association (P-value ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: From the above findings the followings could be concluded that educational level showed significant statistical correlation to chronic renal failure. Use of tobacco (smoking, snuff and water pipe) is one of the most important remediable renal risk factors. Further studies focusing on controlled information on the success of a modem smoking cessation strategy in renal patients is highly recommended.
{"title":"Impact of Tobacco Use in the Etiology of Chronic Renal Failure Among Sudanese Patients","authors":"A. Idris, Hawa Ishag Mohammed, M. Osman","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.786","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a clinical syndrome that occurs when there is gradual decline in renal operation overtime.\u0000Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among medical students at university of Baghdad, college of medicine in Iraq and the association between some variables and depression.\u0000Aim: This study aimed to identify the impact of tobacco use in the etiology of chronic renal failure among Sudanese patients in Omdurman Military Hospital and Omdurman Kidney Dialysis Center\u0000Materials and methods: This descriptive community-based study was conducted in Khartoum State. A random sample of 100 cases with chronic renal failure and 100 control subjects were selected. Demographic, socioeconomic characteristics, prevalence of tobacco use among the respondents and incidence of acute and chronic illnesses associated with renal failure were statically tested to find its correlation to renal failure\u0000Results: Findings showed that there was no significant statistical association between educational level and occupational status, to chronic renal failure (P-value > 0.05). Use of tobacco including cigarettes, snuff and water pipe, indicated significant association (P-value ≤ 0.05).\u0000Conclusion: From the above findings the followings could be concluded that educational level showed significant statistical correlation to chronic renal failure. Use of tobacco (smoking, snuff and water pipe) is one of the most important remediable renal risk factors.\u0000Further studies focusing on controlled information on the success of a modem smoking cessation strategy in renal patients is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48766994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Alhaidari, Asmma H. Majeed, Sahar Al-Jassani, Hayder Adnan Fawzi, Lewai S. Abdulaziz, F. El Kak
Background: Many countries recommend the use of long-acting reversible contraceptive intrauterine device immediately after cesarean delivery. The cesarean delivery rate in Iraqi public hospitals is 32.2% and may reach 85.8% in private hospitals. Immediate post-partum intrauterine device insertion at cesarean is rarely done in Iraq. Objectives: To assess the safety and practicality of immediate post-partum intrauterine device insertion during cesarean delivery for family planning and pregnancy spacing in Iraqi women. Subjects and Methods: A single arm clinical trial included 150 eligible women who attended Al-Elwiyah Maternity Teaching Hospital or Al Hayat Rahibat Hospital for term delivery. A copper intrauterine device was placed in the uterine cavity immediately after delivery of the placenta during cesarean delivery. The intrauterine device was fixed in place at the fundus using an absorbable suture. Patients were followed up at six weeks, then annually for three years. Results: Expulsion of the intrauterine device was not reported by any of the participants. The most-reported complaints in the first twelve months of intrauterine device placement were abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, and heavy menstrual blood loss, however, none were statically significant (P= 0.256). After the first year, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of complaints (P= 0.002). Only 7.33% (95% CI: 6.92–7.75%) of the patient requested intrauterine device removal within the three years. The main reason was to plan a new pregnancy followed by recurrent infection associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was a significant predictor for immediate post-partum intrauterine device removal, P= 0.049. Conclusion: The intrauterine device placement during cesarean delivery with suture fixation is a safe procedure with a zero-expulsion rate and is an effective reversible long-term contraceptive method.
背景：许多国家建议在剖宫产后立即使用长效可逆避孕宫内节育器。伊拉克公立医院的剖宫产率为32.2%，私立医院可能达到85.8%。在伊拉克很少在剖宫产时立即插入产后宫内节育器。目的：评估在伊拉克妇女计划生育和间隔妊娠期间在剖宫产后立即插入宫内节育器的安全性和实用性。受试者和方法：一项单臂临床试验包括150名参加Al-Elwiyah妇产教学医院或Al Hayat Rahibat医院进行足月分娩。剖宫产时，在胎盘分娩后立即将铜宫内节育器放入宫腔内。使用可吸收缝线将宫内节育器固定在眼底。患者在六周时接受随访，然后每年随访三年。结果：没有任何参与者报告宫内节育器被取出。在放置宫内节育器的前12个月内，报告最多的投诉是腹痛、阴道异常分泌物和然而，月经失血过多，没有一个是静态显著的（P=0.256）。第一年后投诉频率（P=0.002）。在三年内，只有7.33%（95%置信区间：6.92–7.75%）的患者要求取出宫内节育器。主要原因是计划再次怀孕，然后再进行与糖尿病失控相关的复发性感染糖尿病。糖尿病结论：剖宫产术中放置宫内节育器缝合固定是一种安全的、零排出率的方法，是一种有效的、可逆的长期避孕方法。
{"title":"Safety profile of immediate post-partum intrauterine device insertion during caesarean delivery – a clinical trial with three years of follow up","authors":"T. Alhaidari, Asmma H. Majeed, Sahar Al-Jassani, Hayder Adnan Fawzi, Lewai S. Abdulaziz, F. El Kak","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.797","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many countries recommend the use of long-acting reversible contraceptive intrauterine device immediately after cesarean delivery. The cesarean delivery rate in Iraqi public hospitals is 32.2% and may reach 85.8% in private hospitals. Immediate post-partum intrauterine device insertion at cesarean is rarely done in Iraq.\u0000Objectives: To assess the safety and practicality of immediate post-partum intrauterine device insertion during cesarean delivery for family planning and pregnancy spacing in Iraqi women.\u0000Subjects and Methods: A single arm clinical trial included 150 eligible women who attended Al-Elwiyah Maternity Teaching Hospital or Al Hayat Rahibat Hospital for term delivery. A copper intrauterine device was placed in the uterine cavity immediately after delivery of the placenta during cesarean delivery. The intrauterine device was fixed in place at the fundus using an absorbable suture. Patients were followed up at six weeks, then annually for three years.\u0000Results: Expulsion of the intrauterine device was not reported by any of the participants. The most-reported complaints in the first twelve months of intrauterine device placement were abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, and heavy menstrual blood loss, however, none were statically significant (P= 0.256). After the first year, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of complaints (P= 0.002). Only 7.33% (95% CI: 6.92–7.75%) of the patient requested intrauterine device removal within the three years. The main reason was to plan a new pregnancy followed by recurrent infection associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was a significant predictor for immediate post-partum intrauterine device removal, P= 0.049.\u0000Conclusion: The intrauterine device placement during cesarean delivery with suture fixation is a safe procedure with a zero-expulsion rate and is an effective reversible long-term contraceptive method.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48036859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. F. Raham, Ahmed Nabeel Abdul-Wahab, Zainab Ali Chaloub
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) virus is a recognized important cause of congenital CMV infection which carries a significant risk for symptomatic disease and developmental defects in newborns. Its prevalence varies from place to other and time to time. This study is conducted to estimate its prevalence in Baghdad among infants suspected of having a congenital infection and to study the associated findings. Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out in Al-Alwyia pediatrics teaching hospital. Data were collected, and blood samples were taken for infants suspected to have intrauterine infections over a period of one year, from 1 October 2019 to 1 October 2020. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) tests for CMV were conducted for all collected samples. CMV- immunoglobulin G (IgG) was a further analysis if negative results were obtained for CMV-IgM testing. Samples were tested by Eliza method. Results: The overall positivity for CMV-specific antibodies among suspected infants was 16.7% for IgM and 66 % for IgG. Males constitute 55% of CMV-IgM positive results. These results are statistically significant concerning age groups. 1-3-month age group was the largest (40 % of IgM positive infants) with a p-value of 0.000. This indicates delayed presentation of CMV-affected infants. With the same p-value, 74% of infants less than one month of age were IgG positive reflecting the maternal prevalence of CMV- IgG in an equivalent percentage. Convulsion followed by delayed milestones was the most common presenting symptoms in congenital CMV infection with statistically significant associations. Conclusions: The study indicates that infection with CMV constitutes a significant portion of suspected infants. The study recommends special attention to take steps concerning early management.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Suspected Infants in Baghdad","authors":"T. F. Raham, Ahmed Nabeel Abdul-Wahab, Zainab Ali Chaloub","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.570","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) virus is a recognized important cause of congenital CMV infection which carries a significant risk for symptomatic disease and developmental defects in newborns. Its prevalence varies from place to other and time to time. This study is conducted to estimate its prevalence in Baghdad among infants suspected of having a congenital infection and to study the associated findings. \u0000 Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out in Al-Alwyia pediatrics teaching hospital. Data were collected, and blood samples were taken for infants suspected to have intrauterine infections over a period of one year, from 1 October 2019 to 1 October 2020. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) tests for CMV were conducted for all collected samples. CMV- immunoglobulin G (IgG) was a further analysis if negative results were obtained for CMV-IgM testing. Samples were tested by Eliza method.\u0000 Results: The overall positivity for CMV-specific antibodies among suspected infants was 16.7% for IgM and 66 % for IgG. Males constitute 55% of CMV-IgM positive results. These results are statistically significant concerning age groups. 1-3-month age group was the largest (40 % of IgM positive infants) with a p-value of 0.000. This indicates delayed presentation of CMV-affected infants. With the same p-value, 74% of infants less than one month of age were IgG positive reflecting the maternal prevalence of CMV- IgG in an equivalent percentage. \u0000Convulsion followed by delayed milestones was the most common presenting symptoms in congenital CMV infection with statistically significant associations.\u0000Conclusions: The study indicates that infection with CMV constitutes a significant portion of suspected infants. The study recommends special attention to take steps concerning early management.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48430197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Abdul Hassan Al-Shatari, Maryam faez khazaal Abu-Nayla, Abdul Ganni Saddon, Zinah M Hassan, Yahiya B H Al- Juboori
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has influenced all life aspects; Dental staff, like other healthcare providers, may be exposed to COVID-19 as part of their work and its psychological impacts on healthcare workers should not be ignored Objectives: To assess the anxiety, and fear from COVID-19 pandemic in dentists working in specialist dental centers: sample the Al-Resafa health directorate, and its relation between the anxiety, and COVID-19 fear with some of their demographic variables Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2nd Jan. to 14th Feb. 2021, by an electronic version of questionnaire through Google-form; the questionnaire was formed based on Mental-Health-American-Organization (MHAO) for anxiety test & the English-Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Analysis of data by using SPSS, Frequencies, percentages chi-square test had calculated; P-value considered significant if it's ≤0.05. Results: The response rate was 90.43%, most of them aged less than 30 years old, female 356(60.8%), married status 295(50.3%), Rotator 297(50.7%). The study revealed that moderate anxiety 115(19.6%), moderate and mild fear of COVID-19 in 275(46.9%), severe in 120(20.5%) of them. there is a significant relation between gender &anxiety, marital status & No. of children with COVID-19 Fear. Conclusion: One-fifth of dentists had moderate anxiety, and half of them had a mild fear of COVID-19 & one-fifth had a severe fear of COVID-19.
{"title":"The Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 Pandemic at the First Year in Dentists Working in Specialist Dental Centers","authors":"Sahar Abdul Hassan Al-Shatari, Maryam faez khazaal Abu-Nayla, Abdul Ganni Saddon, Zinah M Hassan, Yahiya B H Al- Juboori","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.624","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 pandemic has influenced all life aspects; Dental staff, like other healthcare providers, may be exposed to COVID-19 as part of their work and its psychological impacts on healthcare workers should not be ignored\u0000Objectives: To assess the anxiety, and fear from COVID-19 pandemic in dentists working in specialist dental centers: sample the Al-Resafa health directorate, and its relation between the anxiety, and COVID-19 fear with some of their demographic variables\u0000Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2nd Jan. to 14th Feb. 2021, by an electronic version of questionnaire through Google-form; the questionnaire was formed based on Mental-Health-American-Organization (MHAO) for anxiety test & the English-Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Analysis of data by using SPSS, Frequencies, percentages chi-square test had calculated; P-value considered significant if it's ≤0.05.\u0000Results: The response rate was 90.43%, most of them aged less than 30 years old, female 356(60.8%), married status 295(50.3%), Rotator 297(50.7%). The study revealed that moderate anxiety 115(19.6%), moderate and mild fear of COVID-19 in 275(46.9%), severe in 120(20.5%) of them. there is a significant relation between gender &anxiety, marital status & No. of children with COVID-19 Fear.\u0000Conclusion: One-fifth of dentists had moderate anxiety, and half of them had a mild fear of COVID-19 & one-fifth had a severe fear of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Abdul Hassan Al-Shatari, Tayser Salah Ghafouri
Background: Infections are common in the children attending daycare centers how act as predisposes to it. Hygienic interventions have a fundamental role in infection control and disease prevention in child care settings. Objective: - To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurseries workers in infection prevention and control among the children. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study using the researcher-developed questionnaire validated by two experts and piloted and 100 nurseries-workers had participated in it. Result: the mean age of participants was 37.5 years±12.1, (37%) aged 18-30 yrs, 58% married, and 57% with higher education, 54% of nurseries the participant take care of 11-20 children. 67 (67%) had correct knowledge about infection control, (91%) had the corrected practice, but unfortunately, 47 (47%) had low-attitude. Education level has significantly associated with the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the child care workers. Conclusion: the majority of the nurseries workers had good knowledge and correct practice and less about their attitude in infection prevention.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Nurseries' Workers toward Infection Prevention among the Children","authors":"Sahar Abdul Hassan Al-Shatari, Tayser Salah Ghafouri","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.297","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Background: Infections are common in the children attending daycare centers how act as predisposes to it. Hygienic interventions have a fundamental role in infection control and disease prevention in child care settings. \u0000Objective: - To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurseries workers in infection prevention and control among the children. \u0000Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study using the researcher-developed questionnaire validated by two experts and piloted and 100 nurseries-workers had participated in it. \u0000Result: the mean age of participants was 37.5 years±12.1, (37%) aged 18-30 yrs, 58% married, and 57% with higher education, 54% of nurseries the participant take care of 11-20 children. 67 (67%) had correct knowledge about infection control, (91%) had the corrected practice, but unfortunately, 47 (47%) had low-attitude. Education level has significantly associated with the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the child care workers. \u0000Conclusion: the majority of the nurseries workers had good knowledge and correct practice and less about their attitude in infection prevention.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pressure ulcer (now called Pressure injury) happens when the bony prominence like the sacrum exposes to pressure for a long period and also can cause soft tissue injury. In order to prevent and cure pressure-induced wounds, continuous and attentive repositioning is necessary. Wound management begins with the identification and aggressive management of the modifiable factors, such as positioning, incontinence, spasticity, diet, devices, and medical comorbidity, which contribute to pressure injury formation. Initial interventions include washing, cleaning, and maintaining the surfaces of the wound. In certain cases, it may be sufficient to debride the non-viable or contaminated tissue; however, operational care in more severe cases or to encourage patient satisfaction may be necessary. Our patient is a 50-year-old overweighted man, nonsmoker, and confined to a wheelchair presented with a 20*20*8 stages 4 ulcers in the sacral area after multiple failed bedside debridement. When we use the fasciocutaneous we should consider the depth of the wound and fill dead space. Here we the local situation in Palestine as those patients are usually neglected and their management is restricted to bedside debridement, with no experience in flap reconstruction operations which would dramatically improve patients’ lives. We believe that further awareness is demanded for such procedures.
{"title":"Palestinian Experience in Stage Four Pressure Ulcer","authors":"Rami Dartaha, Ghina Ghannam, Afnan W M Jobran","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.397","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure ulcer (now called Pressure injury) happens when the bony prominence like the sacrum exposes to pressure for a long period and also can cause soft tissue injury. In order to prevent and cure pressure-induced wounds, continuous and attentive repositioning is necessary. Wound management begins with the identification and aggressive management of the modifiable factors, such as positioning, incontinence, spasticity, diet, devices, and medical comorbidity, which contribute to pressure injury formation. Initial interventions include washing, cleaning, and maintaining the surfaces of the wound. In certain cases, it may be sufficient to debride the non-viable or contaminated tissue; however, operational care in more severe cases or to encourage patient satisfaction may be necessary. Our patient is a 50-year-old overweighted man, nonsmoker, and confined to a wheelchair presented with a 20*20*8 stages 4 ulcers in the sacral area after multiple failed bedside debridement. When we use the fasciocutaneous we should consider the depth of the wound and fill dead space. Here we the local situation in Palestine as those patients are usually neglected and their management is restricted to bedside debridement, with no experience in flap reconstruction operations which would dramatically improve patients’ lives. We believe that further awareness is demanded for such procedures.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41592513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus: (COVID-19) is a recently discovered viral disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. The majority of patients with corona-virus infections will have a mild-moderate respiratory disease that recovers without special care. Most often, the elderly, and others with chronic medical conditions such as asthma, coronary disease, respiratory illness, and malignancy are seriously ill. COVID-19 is spread mostly by salivary droplets or nasal secretions when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19 causes severe acute respiratory illness (SARS-COV-2). The first incidence was recorded in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Since then it spreads leading to a pandemic. The typical incubation time for COVID-19 infection is 2-14 days (normally 5). The common features include fever, cough, tiredness, difficulty in breathing, loss of smell or taste. Occasionally, signs are absent. COVID-19 complications include renal failure, syndrome of cytokine release, pneumonia, respiratory failure, lung fibrosis.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Healthy Related Issues, A structured Review","authors":"Hiyam Rauof Al-Hamamy","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.419","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus: (COVID-19) is a recently discovered viral disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. \u0000The majority of patients with corona-virus infections will have a mild-moderate respiratory disease that recovers without special care. Most often, the elderly, and others with chronic medical conditions such as asthma, coronary disease, respiratory illness, and malignancy are seriously ill. \u0000 COVID-19 is spread mostly by salivary droplets or nasal secretions when an infected person coughs or sneezes. \u0000 COVID-19 causes severe acute respiratory illness (SARS-COV-2). The first incidence was recorded in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Since then it spreads leading to a pandemic. \u0000The typical incubation time for COVID-19 infection is 2-14 days (normally 5). The common features include fever, cough, tiredness, difficulty in breathing, loss of smell or taste. Occasionally, signs are absent. COVID-19 complications include renal failure, syndrome of cytokine release, pneumonia, respiratory failure, lung fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48171002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melatonin, a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland, has been found in extra-pineal organs as well. It’s known as an organizer of circadian rhythms and more recently as an anti-oxidant. In addition to its role in maintaining immunity, pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and as an anti-cancer agent, evidence has demonstrated that melatonin exerts a positive impact on male and female fertility primarily through oxygen scavenging effects. In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) programs, supplementation of melatonin may be associated with better outcomes in terms of sperm quality, oocyte quality, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. This review summarizes various actions of melatonin on the body focusing on male and female fecundity.
{"title":"Melatonin in male and female fertility","authors":"Zainab M. Alawad, Hanan L. Al-Omary","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.398","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin, a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland, has been found in extra-pineal organs as well. It’s known as an organizer of circadian rhythms and more recently as an anti-oxidant. In addition to its role in maintaining immunity, pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and as an anti-cancer agent, evidence has demonstrated that melatonin exerts a positive impact on male and female fertility primarily through oxygen scavenging effects. In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) programs, supplementation of melatonin may be associated with better outcomes in terms of sperm quality, oocyte quality, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. This review summarizes various actions of melatonin on the body focusing on male and female fecundity.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46898052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asma Thamir, B. Hameed, V. A. Ismael, W. Hassan, Abeer Makki Salamit
This study aims to identify maternal death cases caused by Coronavirus infection 2019 pneumonia, including disease progression, fetal consequences, and the fatality cause. Patients and methodology: A retrospective case collection of Iraqi pregnant women in their second and third trimesters diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and died due to it. The four cases were all of a young age, had a brief complaint period, and had no comorbidities. Fever, dyspnea, and fatigue were the most common symptoms. Hypoxia was present in all cases and was the cause of mortality in three cases, with thromboembolism being a potential cause in the fourth. Prelabour membrane breakup, fetal growth restriction, and fetal death are all examples of adverse fetal effects. Conclusion: COVID-19 pneumonia induces substantial fetal and maternal mortality rates through pregnancy, which should be considered when treating these cases.
{"title":"Clinical Analysis of Four Maternity Deaths in Iraq by COVID-19","authors":"Asma Thamir, B. Hameed, V. A. Ismael, W. Hassan, Abeer Makki Salamit","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.234","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000This study aims to identify maternal death cases caused by Coronavirus infection 2019 pneumonia, including disease progression, fetal consequences, and the fatality cause. \u0000Patients and methodology: A retrospective case collection of Iraqi pregnant women in their second and third trimesters diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and died due to it. \u0000The four cases were all of a young age, had a brief complaint period, and had no comorbidities. Fever, dyspnea, and fatigue were the most common symptoms. Hypoxia was present in all cases and was the cause of mortality in three cases, with thromboembolism being a potential cause in the fourth. Prelabour membrane breakup, fetal growth restriction, and fetal death are all examples of adverse fetal effects. \u0000Conclusion: COVID-19 pneumonia induces substantial fetal and maternal mortality rates through pregnancy, which should be considered when treating these cases.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abu Baraka, Salma Ali Alabid, M. A. Mohammed, N. Ahmed
Background Respiratory tract aspergillosis is a pulmonary disease cause by aspergillus species which are opportunistic fungi that mainly infect immuno-compromised patients . Objective(s) The present study aimed to detect the frequency of pulmonary aspergillosis among clinically suspected and under follow up tuberculosis patients conducted at Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital, Omdurman, Khartoum State , Sudan during the period from December 2019 to November 2020. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty sputum samples were collected from suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and under follow up tuberculosis patients. All specimens were examined using 20% KOH and cultured on two sets of Sabouraudʹs Dextrose agar slope media with chloramphenicol. Results Asperigillus species were isolated from 9/150 (6%) patients. They represented 5(3.3%) A.fumigatus, 3 (2%) A. niger and 1 (0.6%) A. Flavus. It was found that all Aspergillus isolates were revealed from Non acid fast bacilli (Non AFB) patients 9/137(6.6%) with the most common frequency among asymptomatic patients 3/35(8.6%) , patients who were under tuberculosis treatment (8.5%), those who were under Rifampicin (RIF) and Isonizide (INH) treatment (10%) and with duration of less than three month. Also the higher percentage (13%) was represented among the age group range from 61-80 year and slightly among males 6/97 (6.2 %) than females 3/53 (5.7%). There was statistically non-significant association between the frequency of aspergillosis and the studied variables in this study. Conclusion The frequency of pulmonary aspergillosis among patients with anti-tuberculosis treatment reflects the need for routine screening and diagnosis of those patients since the use of anti- tuberculosis treatment can promote the growth and reproduction of fungi. Keywords Pulmonary aspergillosis, tuberculosis, follow up patients.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Pulmonary Aspergillosis Among Clinically Suspected and Undertreated Tuberculosis Patients in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"Abu Baraka, Salma Ali Alabid, M. A. Mohammed, N. Ahmed","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v17i3.430","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Respiratory tract aspergillosis is a pulmonary disease cause by aspergillus species which are opportunistic fungi that mainly infect immuno-compromised patients . \u0000 Objective(s) \u0000The present study aimed to detect the frequency of pulmonary aspergillosis among clinically suspected and under follow up tuberculosis patients conducted at Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital, Omdurman, Khartoum State , Sudan during the period from December 2019 to November 2020. \u0000 Materials and Methods \u0000One hundred and fifty sputum samples were collected from suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and under follow up tuberculosis patients. All specimens were examined using 20% KOH and cultured on two sets of Sabouraudʹs Dextrose agar slope media with chloramphenicol. \u0000Results \u0000Asperigillus species were isolated from 9/150 (6%) patients. They represented 5(3.3%) A.fumigatus, 3 (2%) A. niger and 1 (0.6%) A. Flavus. It was found that all Aspergillus isolates were revealed from Non acid fast bacilli (Non AFB) patients 9/137(6.6%) with the most common frequency among asymptomatic patients 3/35(8.6%) , patients who were under tuberculosis treatment (8.5%), those who were under Rifampicin (RIF) and Isonizide (INH) treatment (10%) and with duration of less than three month. Also the higher percentage (13%) was represented among the age group range from 61-80 year and slightly among males 6/97 (6.2 %) than females 3/53 (5.7%). There was statistically non-significant association between the frequency of aspergillosis and the studied variables in this study. \u0000Conclusion \u0000 The frequency of pulmonary aspergillosis among patients with anti-tuberculosis treatment reflects the need for routine screening and diagnosis of those patients since the use of anti- tuberculosis treatment can promote the growth and reproduction of fungi. \u0000Keywords \u0000Pulmonary aspergillosis, tuberculosis, follow up patients. ","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43847862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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