We are the first to empirically analyze whether the "Guidance on Accessing Capital for Minority, Underserved, Veteran and Women-Owned Business Concerns" (Guidance) program was successful. The program was implemented to promote the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans provided by Minority Depository Institutions (MDIs) in the second round compared to the first round of PPP. Using both loan-level data from the Small Business Administration (SBA) and balance-sheet-level data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), we obtain compelling empirical evidence indicating that MDIs issued relatively more PPP loans (scaled by institution assets) than non-MDIs in the second round. This finding is evidence that the goal of dedicated access for MDIs under the Guidance program was successful. It also enhances the understanding of the PPP lending program and the impact of the Federal Reserve PPP Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) in terms of the role played by MDIs.
{"title":"The Paycheck Protection Program: Minority vs. Non-Minority Bank Response","authors":"James R. Barth, R. Cebula, Jiayi Xu","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.5-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.5-18","url":null,"abstract":"We are the first to empirically analyze whether the \"Guidance on Accessing Capital for Minority, Underserved, Veteran and Women-Owned Business Concerns\" (Guidance) program was successful. The program was implemented to promote the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans provided by Minority Depository Institutions (MDIs) in the second round compared to the first round of PPP. Using both loan-level data from the Small Business Administration (SBA) and balance-sheet-level data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), we obtain compelling empirical evidence indicating that MDIs issued relatively more PPP loans (scaled by institution assets) than non-MDIs in the second round. This finding is evidence that the goal of dedicated access for MDIs under the Guidance program was successful. It also enhances the understanding of the PPP lending program and the impact of the Federal Reserve PPP Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) in terms of the role played by MDIs.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76648624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37625/abr.26.1.95-121
Nuraddeen Abubakar Nuhu, K. Baird, Lu Jiao
This study examines the association between the use of a package of contemporary and a package of traditional management accounting practices with organisational outcomes (organisational performance and competitive advantage), and the moderating role of Miles and Snow’s (1978) strategic typologies on these relationships. Based on the responses from 505 US based financial managers, the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) results indicate that the extent of use of both contemporary and traditional management accounting practices is positively associated with organisational performance and competitive advantage. Furthermore, the findings indicate that with the exception of the reactor typology, Miles and Snow’s (1978) strategy typologies (i.e., defender, prospector, and analyser) moderate the association between the use of management accounting practices with the organisational outcomes. In particular, the findings indicate that the defender (prospector) strategy positively (negatively) moderates the association between the use of a package of traditional (contemporary) management accounting practices with organisational performance. In addition, the results indicate that the defender (analyser) strategy positively (negatively) moderates the association between the use of a package of contemporary management accounting practices with competitive advantage, while the defender (analyser) strategy negatively (positively) moderates the association between the use of a package of traditional management accounting practices with competitive advantage.
{"title":"The Effect of Traditional and Contemporary Management Accounting Practices on Organisational Outcomes and the Moderating Role of Strategy","authors":"Nuraddeen Abubakar Nuhu, K. Baird, Lu Jiao","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.95-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.95-121","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the association between the use of a package of contemporary and a package of traditional management accounting practices with organisational outcomes (organisational performance and competitive advantage), and the moderating role of Miles and Snow’s (1978) strategic typologies on these relationships. Based on the responses from 505 US based financial managers, the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) results indicate that the extent of use of both contemporary and traditional management accounting practices is positively associated with organisational performance and competitive advantage. Furthermore, the findings indicate that with the exception of the reactor typology, Miles and Snow’s (1978) strategy typologies (i.e., defender, prospector, and analyser) moderate the association between the use of management accounting practices with the organisational outcomes. In particular, the findings indicate that the defender (prospector) strategy positively (negatively) moderates the association between the use of a package of traditional (contemporary) management accounting practices with organisational performance. In addition, the results indicate that the defender (analyser) strategy positively (negatively) moderates the association between the use of a package of contemporary management accounting practices with competitive advantage, while the defender (analyser) strategy negatively (positively) moderates the association between the use of a package of traditional management accounting practices with competitive advantage.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82716594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are delighted to introduce Volume 26 of the ABR, and this editorial is about a problem that journal editors in all academic disciplines face. The situation is a familiar one to Academic Journal Editors. You have a deluge of submissions, and authors vigorously follow up on the status of their submissions while reviewers are reluctant to accept the review request. To the credit of ABR reviewers, they get the review done once they accept the assignment. Our last year’s editorial (Upadhyaya and Roy, 2022) thanked those reviewers. We thought we should explore the “finding reviewer” problem in our 2023 Editorial, given that the problem is so pervasive in academic publishing.
{"title":"How to Help Solve the Reviewer Problem in Academic Publishing","authors":"","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.1-4","url":null,"abstract":"We are delighted to introduce Volume 26 of the ABR, and this editorial is about a problem that journal editors in all academic disciplines face. The situation is a familiar one to Academic Journal Editors. You have a deluge of submissions, and authors vigorously follow up on the status of their submissions while reviewers are reluctant to accept the review request. To the credit of ABR reviewers, they get the review done once they accept the assignment. Our last year’s editorial (Upadhyaya and Roy, 2022) thanked those reviewers. We thought we should explore the “finding reviewer” problem in our 2023 Editorial, given that the problem is so pervasive in academic publishing.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82694076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37625/abr.26.1.245-268
Dilip Kumar
The paper examines the presence of risk spillover to the US travel & leisure industry from the extreme changes in the uncertainties. More specifically, using a time-varying copula based conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) framework, we evaluate the dynamic impact of the uncertainties on the extreme risk of the US travel & leisure industry by taking into consideration the uncertainty in economic policy, equity market conditions, and crude oil prices. The findings indicate a significant dynamic inverse relationship between the returns of travel & leisure industry and changes in uncertainty variables. The results further indicate the stronger sensitivity of the travel & leisure industry toward the uncertainties in financial market and crude oil prices. We find significant evidence of extreme upside and downside risk spillover to the US travel & leisure industry from excessive downward and upward changes in uncertainties respectively. The findings also demonstrate the asymmetric effect of extreme movements in uncertainty factors on the tail risk of the US travel & leisure industry. The findings of the study have ramifications for risk managers, portfolio managers and investors.
{"title":"Nexus Between Travel & Leisure Stocks and Uncertainties: An Extreme Risk Spillover Analysis","authors":"Dilip Kumar","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.245-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.245-268","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the presence of risk spillover to the US travel & leisure industry from the extreme changes in the uncertainties. More specifically, using a time-varying copula based conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) framework, we evaluate the dynamic impact of the uncertainties on the extreme risk of the US travel & leisure industry by taking into consideration the uncertainty in economic policy, equity market conditions, and crude oil prices. The findings indicate a significant dynamic inverse relationship between the returns of travel & leisure industry and changes in uncertainty variables. The results further indicate the stronger sensitivity of the travel & leisure industry toward the uncertainties in financial market and crude oil prices. We find significant evidence of extreme upside and downside risk spillover to the US travel & leisure industry from excessive downward and upward changes in uncertainties respectively. The findings also demonstrate the asymmetric effect of extreme movements in uncertainty factors on the tail risk of the US travel & leisure industry. The findings of the study have ramifications for risk managers, portfolio managers and investors.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82991259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37625/abr.26.1.226-244
Aastha Tripathi, Aalok Kumar
This study investigates the links between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and job involvement (JI) via organizational justice (OJ) and employee well-being (EW) as mediators. The proposed social exchange theory-based research framework is used to demystify the role of HPWS on job involvement. The proposed framework is validated with ten five-star hotels in India through structural equation modelling. The model reliability and robustness of constructs are tested with confirmatory factor analysis. The findings indicate that organizations must pay close attention to the perceptions of organizational justice and employee wellbeing to foster greater job involvement in their workforce. The positive relationship between HPWS and job involvement was found to be partially mediated by organizational justice and employee wellbeing. Further, HPWS showed a positive relationship with job involvement that was both direct and significant. The present research contributes to the existing body of literature by examining organizational justice and employee wellbeing as mediating variables between HPWS and job involvement in the Indian hotel industry.
{"title":"Demystifying the Effect of High-Performance Work Systems on Job Involvement Based on Dual-Path Mediation Model","authors":"Aastha Tripathi, Aalok Kumar","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.226-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.226-244","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the links between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and job involvement (JI) via organizational justice (OJ) and employee well-being (EW) as mediators. The proposed social exchange theory-based research framework is used to demystify the role of HPWS on job involvement. The proposed framework is validated with ten five-star hotels in India through structural equation modelling. The model reliability and robustness of constructs are tested with confirmatory factor analysis. The findings indicate that organizations must pay close attention to the perceptions of organizational justice and employee wellbeing to foster greater job involvement in their workforce. The positive relationship between HPWS and job involvement was found to be partially mediated by organizational justice and employee wellbeing. Further, HPWS showed a positive relationship with job involvement that was both direct and significant. The present research contributes to the existing body of literature by examining organizational justice and employee wellbeing as mediating variables between HPWS and job involvement in the Indian hotel industry.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80406164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limited research interest in studying working capital management process, is found in the literature. However, working capital management has been the most crucial determinant factor for any industry’s survival, liquidity, solvency and profitability. Therefore, to tackle efficiently liquidity and profitability trade –off, all industries are compelled to improvise their working capital management strategies. Continuation of working capital management process at optimal level, expedites firm's value creation and also facilitates to design framework in smoothening financial constraints so as to make effective usages of firm’s resources. The paper argues that automotive industry occupies a significant proportion of global economy. Therefore, an effort has been made to undertake an in-depth study on the industry. The study besides identifying the industry leader, explores diverse techniques to advance comparative study on the industry efficiency level in managing working capital process. The research outcome facilitates investors to choose the most commendable automotive companies for investments.
{"title":"Distinguished Competency and Efficacy of Working Capital Management Ensuing Firm Survival, Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability: A Study on Automotive Industry","authors":"Suranjan Bhattacheryay","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.19-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.19-64","url":null,"abstract":"Limited research interest in studying working capital management process, is found in the literature. However, working capital management has been the most crucial determinant factor for any industry’s survival, liquidity, solvency and profitability. Therefore, to tackle efficiently liquidity and profitability trade –off, all industries are compelled to improvise their working capital management strategies. Continuation of working capital management process at optimal level, expedites firm's value creation and also facilitates to design framework in smoothening financial constraints so as to make effective usages of firm’s resources. The paper argues that automotive industry occupies a significant proportion of global economy. Therefore, an effort has been made to undertake an in-depth study on the industry. The study besides identifying the industry leader, explores diverse techniques to advance comparative study on the industry efficiency level in managing working capital process. The research outcome facilitates investors to choose the most commendable automotive companies for investments.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79381253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37625/abr.26.1.122-147
Nirosha Hewa Wellalagea, Anura De Zoysa, Shiguang Ma
This paper examines the effects of audit quality and firm growth on the relationship between corporate cash holdings and firm performance by using a sample of about 2500 unique non-financial Indian firms from 2000 to 2017, consisting of 51,388 firm-year observations. The results obtained by controlling for potential endogeneity using the dynamic panel generalised method of moment (GMM) approach show that cash holdings have an inverse U-shaped (concave) relationship with firm performance, which is stronger for firms with higher audit quality than firms with lower audit quality. Our findings also show that firm growth affects the cash holdings and firm performance relationship and the moderating effect of audit quality. Our study highlights the need for corporate managers to consider firm performance, audit quality and firm growth levels in policy decisions on cash holdings.
{"title":"Corporate Cash Holdings and Firm Performance in India: An Empirical Investigation of the Effects of Audit Quality and Firm Growth","authors":"Nirosha Hewa Wellalagea, Anura De Zoysa, Shiguang Ma","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.122-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.122-147","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of audit quality and firm growth on the relationship between corporate cash holdings and firm performance by using a sample of about 2500 unique non-financial Indian firms from 2000 to 2017, consisting of 51,388 firm-year observations. The results obtained by controlling for potential endogeneity using the dynamic panel generalised method of moment (GMM) approach show that cash holdings have an inverse U-shaped (concave) relationship with firm performance, which is stronger for firms with higher audit quality than firms with lower audit quality. Our findings also show that firm growth affects the cash holdings and firm performance relationship and the moderating effect of audit quality. Our study highlights the need for corporate managers to consider firm performance, audit quality and firm growth levels in policy decisions on cash holdings.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge based work requires that employees know how to deal with ambiguity and to get ahead of it by being innovative, proactive and risk-taking. These three traits together constitute what is known as employee entrepreneurial behavior (EEB) which is a crucial competence in organizations that operate in dynamic environments. There is however a complex combination of cognitions and metacognitions that effective knowledge workers undertake to make sense of their environment; and these cognitive pathways are not yet fully understood. This is the gap that the current study aims to fill. Data were collected from 285 white collar workers and their supervisors across two sectors, manufacturing and services, in India. This data was modeled with structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression techniques. Leader member exchange and diversity belief are a leader related cognition and social structure-oriented metacognition respectively, that directly predict EEB. A robustness analysis is also conducted to lend credence to these findings. There are practical implications of this research for the cognitive re-design of jobs and for effective supervision strategies for knowledge workers. Future research directions and limitations are elucidated.
{"title":"Relational Job Design Based Cognitive Pathways to Employee Entrepreneurial Behaviour","authors":"Roshni Das","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.65-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.65-82","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge based work requires that employees know how to deal with ambiguity and to get ahead of it by being innovative, proactive and risk-taking. These three traits together constitute what is known as employee entrepreneurial behavior (EEB) which is a crucial competence in organizations that operate in dynamic environments. There is however a complex combination of cognitions and metacognitions that effective knowledge workers undertake to make sense of their environment; and these cognitive pathways are not yet fully understood. This is the gap that the current study aims to fill. Data were collected from 285 white collar workers and their supervisors across two sectors, manufacturing and services, in India. This data was modeled with structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression techniques. Leader member exchange and diversity belief are a leader related cognition and social structure-oriented metacognition respectively, that directly predict EEB. A robustness analysis is also conducted to lend credence to these findings. There are practical implications of this research for the cognitive re-design of jobs and for effective supervision strategies for knowledge workers. Future research directions and limitations are elucidated.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88974411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of urban crime rates—property and violent—on wages and rents and estimates the net implicit monetary value of crime rates for living in metropolitan areas, using the American Community Survey 2019 data for cities in North Carolina. A seemingly unrelated regression estimation finds that the crime rates are capitalized into both wages and rents, and suggests crime rates affect wages positively and rents negatively. This investigation estimates a negative value of $51.80 per month—the average net marginal implicit price—for living in cities with high city crime rates. This negative value suggests that households are being compensated for living in cities with high crime rates.
{"title":"Urban Crime and Its Net Implicit Price to North Carolina Households","authors":"Bishwa S. Koirala, R. Chakraborti, Gyan Pradhan","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.83-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.83-94","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of urban crime rates—property and violent—on wages and rents and estimates the net implicit monetary value of crime rates for living in metropolitan areas, using the American Community Survey 2019 data for cities in North Carolina. A seemingly unrelated regression estimation finds that the crime rates are capitalized into both wages and rents, and suggests crime rates affect wages positively and rents negatively. This investigation estimates a negative value of $51.80 per month—the average net marginal implicit price—for living in cities with high city crime rates. This negative value suggests that households are being compensated for living in cities with high crime rates.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77209391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.37625/abr.26.1.203-225
Keshab Shrestha, Sheena Sara Suresh Philip, Yessy A. Peranginangin
In this study, we empirically analyze the contributions of three crude oil-based exchange traded funds (ETFs) and the futures contract in hedging crude oil price risk. In order to measure hedging contributions of ETFs, we estimate the usual minimum variance hedge ratios as well as the quantile based minimum variance hedge ratios based on three different methods. We also compute the hedging effectiveness of the futures contract and three ETFs. We find that ETFs can be used as hedging instruments especially for the longer hedging horizons and extreme quantiles. However, overall, we find the futures contract to be the most effective instrument for hedging.
{"title":"Contribution of Exchange Traded Funds in Hedging Crude Oil Price Risk","authors":"Keshab Shrestha, Sheena Sara Suresh Philip, Yessy A. Peranginangin","doi":"10.37625/abr.26.1.203-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.26.1.203-225","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we empirically analyze the contributions of three crude oil-based exchange traded funds (ETFs) and the futures contract in hedging crude oil price risk. In order to measure hedging contributions of ETFs, we estimate the usual minimum variance hedge ratios as well as the quantile based minimum variance hedge ratios based on three different methods. We also compute the hedging effectiveness of the futures contract and three ETFs. We find that ETFs can be used as hedging instruments especially for the longer hedging horizons and extreme quantiles. However, overall, we find the futures contract to be the most effective instrument for hedging.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79307362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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