Despite the seriousness of shoplifting, consumers’ evaluations, judgements, and intentions toward shoplifting remain underexplored by scholars from business ethics, marketing, retailing, and consumer behavior. We propose a new shoplifting ethics model, which integrates Hunt and Vitell’s theory of ethics with Nadeau, Rochlen, and Tyminski’s typology of shoplifting, by incorporating the moderators of consumers’ personal characteristics (i.e., age, gender, marital status, income) and shoplifting motives (i.e., social, experiential, economic, emotional) onto the relationships among deontological evaluation, teleological evaluation, ethical judgment, and intention. Based on a two-by-two randomized experimental design, two shoplifting cases (i.e., swapping price tags, stealing products) are investigated in four scenarios (i.e., deontologically unethical condition with positive consequences, deontologically unethical condition with negative consequences, deontologically ethical condition with positive consequences, deontologically ethical condition with negative consequences). We discover that age, marriage, and income enhance the relationship between consumers’ deontological evaluations of shoplifting and ethical judgments of shoplifting; that employment strengthens the relationship between the ethical judgments of shoplifting and shoplifting intentions; and that marriage enhances the relationship between consumers’ teleological evaluations of shoplifting and shoplifting intentions. Nevertheless, the economic factor weakens the relationship between consumers’ deontological evaluations of shoplifting and ethical judgments of shoplifting. We find that ethical judgments of shoplifting mediates the relationship between consumers’ deontological/teleological evaluations of shoplifting and shoplifting intentions. The results imply that younger, single, unemployed, and low-income consumers engage in more shoplifting activities compared to their older, married, employed, and high-income counterparts. Moreover, even though acknowledging the inherent wrongness of shoplifting and its negative consequences, consumers can still be impelled by economic reasons to participate in shoplifting. We contribute to the ongoing debate on whether economic reasons change consumers’ ethical judgments of shoplifting and whether economic disadvantage motivates consumers to shoplift. Contrary to conventional wisdom, negative consequences and punishment do not fully deter consumers from shoplifting. Under the contingencies of personal characteristics and shoplifting motives, shoplifting intention is influenced directly by ethical judgment and indirectly by deontological and teleological evaluations. Theoretical and practical insights are discussed to help policy makers and store managers prevent shoplifting behavior.
尽管入店行窃的严重性，但消费者对入店行窃的评价、判断和意图仍未得到商业伦理、市场营销、零售和消费者行为学等领域学者的充分探讨。通过将消费者的个人特征(年龄、性别、婚姻状况、收入)和入店行窃动机(社会、经验、经济、情感)的调节因子引入义务评价、目的评价、伦理判断和意图之间的关系中，提出了一种新的入店行窃伦理模型，该模型将Hunt and Vitell的伦理学理论与Nadeau、Rochlen和Tyminski的入店行窃类型分类相结合。基于二乘二随机实验设计，研究了两起商店行窃案件(即交换价格标签、偷窃商品)在四种情况下(即有积极结果的道义不道德条件、有消极结果的道义不道德条件、有积极结果的道义伦理条件、有消极结果的道义伦理条件)的发生情况。研究发现，年龄、婚姻和收入增强了消费者入店行窃的义务评价与入店行窃的伦理判断之间的关系;就业强化了入店行窃的道德判断与入店行窃意图之间的关系;婚姻增强了消费者对入店行窃的目的论评价和入店行窃意图之间的关系。然而，经济因素削弱了消费者对入店行窃的义务评价与入店行窃的伦理判断之间的关系。我们发现，入店行窃的伦理判断在消费者入店行窃的义务论/目的论评价与入店行窃意图之间起中介作用。研究结果表明，与年龄较大、已婚、有工作和高收入的消费者相比，年轻、单身、失业和低收入消费者更容易入店行窃。此外，即使承认入店行窃的内在错误及其负面后果，消费者仍然可能受到经济原因的驱使而参与入店行窃。经济原因是否会改变消费者对入店行窃的道德判断，以及经济劣势是否会促使消费者入店行窃，我们对此进行了讨论。与传统观念相反，负面后果和惩罚并不能完全阻止消费者入店行窃。在个人特征与入店行窃动机的偶然性下，入店行窃意图直接受到伦理判断的影响，间接受到义务论和目的论评价的影响。理论和实践的见解讨论，以帮助决策者和商店经理防止入店行窃行为。
{"title":"How Do Consumers in General Evaluate, Judge, and Act toward Shoplifting? The Moderating Effects of Personal Characteristics and Motives","authors":"Juehui Shi, Ngoc Cindy Pham, Claudio Schapsis, Tofazzal Hossain, Arturo Z. Vasquez-Parraga","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.2.293-327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.2.293-327","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the seriousness of shoplifting, consumers’ evaluations, judgements, and intentions toward shoplifting remain underexplored by scholars from business ethics, marketing, retailing, and consumer behavior. We propose a new shoplifting ethics model, which integrates Hunt and Vitell’s theory of ethics with Nadeau, Rochlen, and Tyminski’s typology of shoplifting, by incorporating the moderators of consumers’ personal characteristics (i.e., age, gender, marital status, income) and shoplifting motives (i.e., social, experiential, economic, emotional) onto the relationships among deontological evaluation, teleological evaluation, ethical judgment, and intention. Based on a two-by-two randomized experimental design, two shoplifting cases (i.e., swapping price tags, stealing products) are investigated in four scenarios (i.e., deontologically unethical condition with positive consequences, deontologically unethical condition with negative consequences, deontologically ethical condition with positive consequences, deontologically ethical condition with negative consequences). We discover that age, marriage, and income enhance the relationship between consumers’ deontological evaluations of shoplifting and ethical judgments of shoplifting; that employment strengthens the relationship between the ethical judgments of shoplifting and shoplifting intentions; and that marriage enhances the relationship between consumers’ teleological evaluations of shoplifting and shoplifting intentions. Nevertheless, the economic factor weakens the relationship between consumers’ deontological evaluations of shoplifting and ethical judgments of shoplifting. We find that ethical judgments of shoplifting mediates the relationship between consumers’ deontological/teleological evaluations of shoplifting and shoplifting intentions. The results imply that younger, single, unemployed, and low-income consumers engage in more shoplifting activities compared to their older, married, employed, and high-income counterparts. Moreover, even though acknowledging the inherent wrongness of shoplifting and its negative consequences, consumers can still be impelled by economic reasons to participate in shoplifting. We contribute to the ongoing debate on whether economic reasons change consumers’ ethical judgments of shoplifting and whether economic disadvantage motivates consumers to shoplift. Contrary to conventional wisdom, negative consequences and punishment do not fully deter consumers from shoplifting. Under the contingencies of personal characteristics and shoplifting motives, shoplifting intention is influenced directly by ethical judgment and indirectly by deontological and teleological evaluations. Theoretical and practical insights are discussed to help policy makers and store managers prevent shoplifting behavior.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88094995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.37625/abr.25.2.515-532
Amit Malhan, R. Pavur, L. Pelton, Ila Manuj
Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are designed as a real-time digital record to streamline distinctive and valuable patient information across multiple stakeholders in the healthcare delivery channel. The stakeholders include hospitals, healthcare providers and patients, as well as a myriad of third-party providers (i.e., insurance companies, Medicare). Academicians, practitioners and public policy makers are grappling with uneven experiences and empirical findings regarding the relationship between technology-enabled information sharing and the ensuing quality of healthcare outcomes. The most significant government-mandated technology is the implementation and adoption of EHR. The present research examines EHR through the lens of Resource Advantage Theory –– to empirically assess how partial and comprehensive implementation levels of EHR adoption influence quality management and financial performance of hospitals. Based on archival data attained from 210 hospitals in the state of Texas, the results indicate positive relationships between EHR and the quality of care. While it is generally recognized that EHR and quality management affect a hospital’s performance, this research investigates the moderating effect that EHR has on quality management and a hospital’s performance. These findings provide hospital administrators, practitioners, and third-party payers with an integrative and parsimonious model to understand the impact of partial and comprehensive levels of EHR implementation on the relationship of healthcare quality and hospital performance.
{"title":"Role of Electronic Healthcare Record Adoption in Enhancing the Relationship between Quality Measures and Hospital Financial Performance","authors":"Amit Malhan, R. Pavur, L. Pelton, Ila Manuj","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.2.515-532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.2.515-532","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are designed as a real-time digital record to streamline distinctive and valuable patient information across multiple stakeholders in the healthcare delivery channel. The stakeholders include hospitals, healthcare providers and patients, as well as a myriad of third-party providers (i.e., insurance companies, Medicare). Academicians, practitioners and public policy makers are grappling with uneven experiences and empirical findings regarding the relationship between technology-enabled information sharing and the ensuing quality of healthcare outcomes. The most significant government-mandated technology is the implementation and adoption of EHR. The present research examines EHR through the lens of Resource Advantage Theory –– to empirically assess how partial and comprehensive implementation levels of EHR adoption influence quality management and financial performance of hospitals. Based on archival data attained from 210 hospitals in the state of Texas, the results indicate positive relationships between EHR and the quality of care. While it is generally recognized that EHR and quality management affect a hospital’s performance, this research investigates the moderating effect that EHR has on quality management and a hospital’s performance. These findings provide hospital administrators, practitioners, and third-party payers with an integrative and parsimonious model to understand the impact of partial and comprehensive levels of EHR implementation on the relationship of healthcare quality and hospital performance.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79212192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R&D capital increases firms’ ability to identify, absorb, and utilize new external information. Firms with absorptive capacity become resilient to external shocks while providing an opportunity to protect shareholder wealth during a crisis period. This study examines the role of firms’ absorptive capacity in protecting shareholder wealth around the COVID-19-induced stock market crisis. Our findings report that firms’ absorptive capacity is positively related to stock returns of US firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This positive relationship exists irrespective of investor attention and is robust to the propensity-score-matching approach. Overall, the results imply that R&D capital makes firms resilient to external shocks.
{"title":"Does Absorptive Capacity Protect Shareholder Wealth in Times of Crisis? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Amanjot Singh","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.83-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.83-91","url":null,"abstract":"R&D capital increases firms’ ability to identify, absorb, and utilize new external information. Firms with absorptive capacity become resilient to external shocks while providing an opportunity to protect shareholder wealth during a crisis period. This study examines the role of firms’ absorptive capacity in protecting shareholder wealth around the COVID-19-induced stock market crisis. Our findings report that firms’ absorptive capacity is positively related to stock returns of US firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This positive relationship exists irrespective of investor attention and is robust to the propensity-score-matching approach. Overall, the results imply that R&D capital makes firms resilient to external shocks.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74919852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are delighted to present the first issue of volume 25 of ABR. We thought we would thank and celebrate our reviewers for their outstanding contribution to ABR on this occasion. The peer-review process in academic publishing involves reviewers who have expertise in a domain (see Ali and Watson 2016). We thought we would explain the ABR review process as we celebrate our reviewers. We believe this would be interesting to authors and readers as this would give a glimpse of the peer review process at ABR. Being a broad-based academic journal brings a discipline expertise challenge to the review process. The research must prima facie be relevant (interesting) and rigorous. But whether the ideas are an adequate contribution to a business discipline can be determined only by disciplinary scholars who study the area in the paper. For example, a CEO Compensation paper is interesting, at face value, to the ABR audience. But it must also seem like a contribution to HR scholars and specifically to the subset of scholars who study CEO Compensation. Thus, we humbly recognize that we do not know the potential contribution without expert reviewers’ opinions, advice, and guidance. Below we explain the ABR review process after receiving a submission in the ABR system. We also include requests to our valued reviewers.
{"title":"Presenting Volume 25 and Celebrating ABR Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.1-3","url":null,"abstract":"We are delighted to present the first issue of volume 25 of ABR. We thought we would thank and celebrate our reviewers for their outstanding contribution to ABR on this occasion.\u0000\u0000The peer-review process in academic publishing involves reviewers who have expertise in a domain (see Ali and Watson 2016). We thought we would explain the ABR review process as we celebrate our reviewers. We believe this would be interesting to authors and readers as this would give a glimpse of the peer review process at ABR. \u0000\u0000Being a broad-based academic journal brings a discipline expertise challenge to the review process. The research must prima facie be relevant (interesting) and rigorous. But whether the ideas are an adequate contribution to a business discipline can be determined only by disciplinary scholars who study the area in the paper. For example, a CEO Compensation paper is interesting, at face value, to the ABR audience. But it must also seem like a contribution to HR scholars and specifically to the subset of scholars who study CEO Compensation. Thus, we humbly recognize that we do not know the potential contribution without expert reviewers’ opinions, advice, and guidance. \u0000\u0000Below we explain the ABR review process after receiving a submission in the ABR system. We also include requests to our valued reviewers.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88170434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Re-internationalization, or firms’ re-entry into international operations after completely withdrawing from initial international business failures, is a neglected phenomenon in international business research. This research develops theoretical underpinnings for understanding re-internationalization processes through an inductive theory-building approach using case studies of four Indian firms from diverse industries. We examine various aspects of firms’ initial internationalization, including the learning and experiences gained during such activities, the role of networks and relationships, valences in organizational commitment to internationalization during the exit and time-out periods, and the significance of dynamic capabilities that facilitate successful re-internationalization of firms. Our theorizing is relevant for scholars seeking a better understanding of the re-internationalization processes and for practitioners seeking insights for decision-making related to internationalization strategies. Our findings also have implications for policymakers responsible for designing subventions and incentives for both internationalization and re-internationalization.
{"title":"When Failure is Neither Fatal nor Final: Understanding Re-internationalization Processes","authors":"Salman Ali, A. Mathur","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.50-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.50-82","url":null,"abstract":"Re-internationalization, or firms’ re-entry into international operations after completely withdrawing from initial international business failures, is a neglected phenomenon in international business research. This research develops theoretical underpinnings for understanding re-internationalization processes through an inductive theory-building approach using case studies of four Indian firms from diverse industries. We examine various aspects of firms’ initial internationalization, including the learning and experiences gained during such activities, the role of networks and relationships, valences in organizational commitment to internationalization during the exit and time-out periods, and the significance of dynamic capabilities that facilitate successful re-internationalization of firms. Our theorizing is relevant for scholars seeking a better understanding of the re-internationalization processes and for practitioners seeking insights for decision-making related to internationalization strategies. Our findings also have implications for policymakers responsible for designing subventions and incentives for both internationalization and re-internationalization.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83230534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study extends the literature on the (in)effectiveness of quality accreditation by examining how standards adopted by an accrediting or research agency, such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB), can be manipulated by academic units, such as collegiate schools of business. We present a hierarchical differential game between a collegiate business school and its accrediting agency to advance the hypothesis that strategic or opportunistic behavior occurs where heterogeneity in academic achievement exists, as represented by an uneven distribution of academic achievement resulting either from the presence of both unproductive and highly productive faculty or periods of high academic productivity followed by other periods of low academic productivity. Statistical explorations utilizing data from senior management faculty affiliated with both the highest-ranking and lowest-ranking colleges and universities in the U.S. are suggestive of the presence of incentives facing some U.S. business schools to behave strategically or opportunistically in terms of quality accreditation.
{"title":"Opportunism vs. Excellence in Academia: Quality Accreditation of Collegiate Business Schools","authors":"J. Faria, F. Mixon","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.4-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.4-24","url":null,"abstract":"This study extends the literature on the (in)effectiveness of quality accreditation by examining how standards adopted by an accrediting or research agency, such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB), can be manipulated by academic units, such as collegiate schools of business. We present a hierarchical differential game between a collegiate business school and its accrediting agency to advance the hypothesis that strategic or opportunistic behavior occurs where heterogeneity in academic achievement exists, as represented by an uneven distribution of academic achievement resulting either from the presence of both unproductive and highly productive faculty or periods of high academic productivity followed by other periods of low academic productivity. Statistical explorations utilizing data from senior management faculty affiliated with both the highest-ranking and lowest-ranking colleges and universities in the U.S. are suggestive of the presence of incentives facing some U.S. business schools to behave strategically or opportunistically in terms of quality accreditation.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.37625/abr.25.1.152-185
Chao Ren
This paper utilises a trivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH model to investigate the dynamic relationships between global oil price, gold price, and European stock markets. This paper observes weak return spillover effects from the oil market to 6 European stock markets (Netherlands, Lithuania, Portugal, Czech Republic, Romania, and Slovenia) and from gold to Iceland, while there is no evidence of return spillovers from stock markets to oil and gold. The non-existence of return linkages between gold and stock (oil) suggests that the gold market plays a haven role. With reference to volatility spillovers, the results show obvious asymmetric bidirectional volatility interaction between the European stock markets and the global oil/gold markets. Stronger shock and volatility contagions from the European stock market to both oil and gold markets are observed compared with the opposite direction. For the volatility nexus between oil and gold, weak and moderate evidence of shock and volatility transmission from gold to oil markets is reported. Additionally, the study documents important and effective empirical implications for portfolio management and investment hedge strategies: firstly, adding European stock markets to a diversified oil/gold portfolio can achieve the expected returns while reducing risk; and secondly, the European investors can use the gold and oil markets to hedge against their stock market portfolio.
{"title":"Volatility Spillovers and Nexus across Oil, Gold, and Stock European Markets","authors":"Chao Ren","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.152-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.152-185","url":null,"abstract":"This paper utilises a trivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH model to investigate the dynamic relationships between global oil price, gold price, and European stock markets. This paper observes weak return spillover effects from the oil market to 6 European stock markets (Netherlands, Lithuania, Portugal, Czech Republic, Romania, and Slovenia) and from gold to Iceland, while there is no evidence of return spillovers from stock markets to oil and gold. The non-existence of return linkages between gold and stock (oil) suggests that the gold market plays a haven role. With reference to volatility spillovers, the results show obvious asymmetric bidirectional volatility interaction between the European stock markets and the global oil/gold markets. Stronger shock and volatility contagions from the European stock market to both oil and gold markets are observed compared with the opposite direction. For the volatility nexus between oil and gold, weak and moderate evidence of shock and volatility transmission from gold to oil markets is reported. Additionally, the study documents important and effective empirical implications for portfolio management and investment hedge strategies: firstly, adding European stock markets to a diversified oil/gold portfolio can achieve the expected returns while reducing risk; and secondly, the European investors can use the gold and oil markets to hedge against their stock market portfolio.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84565621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.37625/abr.25.1.92-119
Aritra Pan, A. Misra
In this study, we estimate the order execution probability of a limit-order book (LOB) and analyze its determinants using high-frequency LOB data from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. For this purpose, we propose an algorithm that estimates the LOB execution time. Using a survival function with log-normal distribution, this study analyzes the significant determinants of the limit-order execution times. The average execution probability is found to be higher for stocks belonging to the information technology and telecom sectors. The limit-order execution probability increases with a larger bid–ask spread, lower limit-order size, and deeper opposite order book. On the other hand, multiple factors, including price aggressiveness, inferior price, limit-order size, and spread, have a direct impact on execution times. The findings could help traders understand various factors influencing the probability of execution and execution time of LOBs. This study is unique in that it models limit-order execution using high-frequency tick-by-tick trading data for emerging markets, such as the NSE of India.
{"title":"Carry Forward Modeling for High-Frequency Limit-Order Executions: An Emerging Market Perspective","authors":"Aritra Pan, A. Misra","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.92-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.92-119","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we estimate the order execution probability of a limit-order book (LOB) and analyze its determinants using high-frequency LOB data from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. For this purpose, we propose an algorithm that estimates the LOB execution time. Using a survival function with log-normal distribution, this study analyzes the significant determinants of the limit-order execution times. The average execution probability is found to be higher for stocks belonging to the information technology and telecom sectors. The limit-order execution probability increases with a larger bid–ask spread, lower limit-order size, and deeper opposite order book. On the other hand, multiple factors, including price aggressiveness, inferior price, limit-order size, and spread, have a direct impact on execution times. The findings could help traders understand various factors influencing the probability of execution and execution time of LOBs. This study is unique in that it models limit-order execution using high-frequency tick-by-tick trading data for emerging markets, such as the NSE of India.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91166422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humble leadership has generated immense research interest. Yet, little is understood regarding why or when leaders may choose to express humility to their followers. Drawing upon self-determination and signaling theories, this conceptual research seeks to explain why some leaders display humble behaviors toward their followers more than other leaders. Needs for relatedness and competence are proposed as antecedents of humble expressions. Leader optimism is proposed as a moderator of this relationship. I contend leaders sustain expressions of humility to signal their values of relatedness and growth to followers and to encourage humble behaviors among them for mutually beneficial outcomes. Optimism is presented as a contingency variable that may explain additional variance in leader expressions of humility. Theoretical and managerial implications are presented as well as directions for future research.
{"title":"Why and When Do Leaders Express Humility? Leader Expressed Humility as Psycho-Social Signaling","authors":"Kelly G. Manix","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.36-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.36-49","url":null,"abstract":"Humble leadership has generated immense research interest. Yet, little is understood regarding why or when leaders may choose to express humility to their followers. Drawing upon self-determination and signaling theories, this conceptual research seeks to explain why some leaders display humble behaviors toward their followers more than other leaders. Needs for relatedness and competence are proposed as antecedents of humble expressions. Leader optimism is proposed as a moderator of this relationship. I contend leaders sustain expressions of humility to signal their values of relatedness and growth to followers and to encourage humble behaviors among them for mutually beneficial outcomes. Optimism is presented as a contingency variable that may explain additional variance in leader expressions of humility. Theoretical and managerial implications are presented as well as directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80117065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hall et al. (2010) develop a growth model where the allocation and productivity of human and physical capital depend on the quality of institutions in a country. We apply their model to the US states from 1980 to 2000. Using the Economic Freedom of North America as our measure of institutional quality, we find evidence that increases in human capital lead to increases in output per worker only in states with average EFNA scores above 5.91. Physical capital, unlike in the cross-country case, always has a positive effect on output per worker.
{"title":"Economic Freedom, Capital, and Growth: Evidence from the States","authors":"Sarah Ihlenfeld, Joshua C. Hall, Yang Zhou","doi":"10.37625/abr.25.1.25-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.1.25-35","url":null,"abstract":"Hall et al. (2010) develop a growth model where the allocation and productivity of human and physical capital depend on the quality of institutions in a country. We apply their model to the US states from 1980 to 2000. Using the Economic Freedom of North America as our measure of institutional quality, we find evidence that increases in human capital lead to increases in output per worker only in states with average EFNA scores above 5.91. Physical capital, unlike in the cross-country case, always has a positive effect on output per worker.","PeriodicalId":34785,"journal":{"name":"American Business Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83130706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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