Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.06
S. Lipiec
In Poland and Germany have already lived about 3 million Ukrainians. Polish and German lawyers note that such a large number of immigrants may constitute a substantial market for their legal services. Therefore, they more and more often provide specific legal services to Ukrainians. The basic characteristics of the market of legal services provided to Ukrainians in Poland and the explanation of the functioning mechanisms of the Ukrainian legal services market in Poland and the EU are important elements of the study. During the study, we check the research hypothesis: immigrants from Ukraine to the European Union have co-created a new EU market for legal services. The study was conducted using the method of structured interview among Polish advocates and legal advisers and using the method of content analysis and statistical analysis. The survey results show that in Poland and in Germany there is the Ukrainian legal services market. Polish and German lawyers do not specialize in Ukrainian matters. Special legal services close to Ukrainians are not being developed. However, there is an increased volume of Ukrainian clients in Poland and minor modifications in the manner, number and method of providing services by lawyers. The first experiences of lawyers from cooperation with Ukrainians show that within 10 years, legal services for Ukrainians in Poland and Germany will become one of the most lucrative advocate specializations.
{"title":"The Legal Services Market for Ukrainians in the European Union: The Example of Poland","authors":"S. Lipiec","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"In Poland and Germany have already lived about 3 million Ukrainians. Polish and German lawyers note that such a large number of immigrants may constitute a substantial market for their legal services. Therefore, they more and more often provide specific legal services to Ukrainians. The basic characteristics of the market of legal services provided to Ukrainians in Poland and the explanation of the functioning mechanisms of the Ukrainian legal services market in Poland and the EU are important elements of the study. During the study, we check the research hypothesis: immigrants from Ukraine to the European Union have co-created a new EU market for legal services. The study was conducted using the method of structured interview among Polish advocates and legal advisers and using the method of content analysis and statistical analysis. The survey results show that in Poland and in Germany there is the Ukrainian legal services market. Polish and German lawyers do not specialize in Ukrainian matters. Special legal services close to Ukrainians are not being developed. However, there is an increased volume of Ukrainian clients in Poland and minor modifications in the manner, number and method of providing services by lawyers. The first experiences of lawyers from cooperation with Ukrainians show that within 10 years, legal services for Ukrainians in Poland and Germany will become one of the most lucrative advocate specializations.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66905904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.08
Marika Marciniak
An adoption Better Regulation Programmehad introduced many substantive institutional and procedural changes (European Commission, 2017, p. 1-2). In recent years, the European Commission monitors more rigorouslywith regard to a directive implementation process. The analysis of neoteric case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union testifies increasing number of infringement proceedings against Member States due to a defective directive implementation into national legal framework. The main aim of article is identification and assessment of the cause defective directive implementation based on the Court of Justice of the European Union case law analysis. Furthermore, the theoretical aspects of implementation, which is an indirect model of legislation and the infringement proceedings according to art. 258 Treaty on Functioning of the European Union was presented in detail. An identification of a daviation has practical significance for better regulation in the European Union. The carried analysis does not have only theoretical significance, though it raises the issue of apparent implementation due to goodness-of-fithypothesis.
{"title":"A defective directive implementation into national legal framework","authors":"Marika Marciniak","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"An adoption Better Regulation Programmehad introduced many substantive institutional and procedural changes (European Commission, 2017, p. 1-2). In recent years, the European Commission monitors more rigorouslywith regard to a directive implementation process. The analysis of neoteric case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union testifies increasing number of infringement proceedings against Member States due to a defective directive implementation into national legal framework. The main aim of article is identification and assessment of the cause defective directive implementation based on the Court of Justice of the European Union case law analysis. Furthermore, the theoretical aspects of implementation, which is an indirect model of legislation and the infringement proceedings according to art. 258 Treaty on Functioning of the European Union was presented in detail. An identification of a daviation has practical significance for better regulation in the European Union. The carried analysis does not have only theoretical significance, though it raises the issue of apparent implementation due to goodness-of-fithypothesis.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66905949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.03
Tine Eidsvaag
The main aim of this article is to investigate some encounters between the Norwegian system of economic risk-pooling for labour engaging individuals, and the emerging digital platform economy. The author argues that Norwegian labour and employment law, as well as social insurance law, may fall short in alleviating the economic strains of the typical digital platform worker in cases of loss of income. This is partly due to legal classification: Where Norwegian labour and employment law operates with two categories of labour engaging individuals: employees and non-employees, Norwegian social insurance law includes three categories: employees, freelancers, and self-employed persons. Employees are entitled to the most comprehensive and high-level coverage of income losses. The legal status of digital platform workers is basically unclear, and they may belong to each of the three categories, depending on contract terms. It is also argued that the Covid 19-pandemic has reinforced the differences between salaried, full-time, employees, and atypical workers such as digital platform workers. The compensation measures issued by the Norwegian state to cover income losses in relation to the pandemic did not meet the needs of the typical –freelance –digital platform worker to the same extent as those of undertakings and ‘traditional’ employees. The article suggests some measures to clarify the legal position and to give a better coverage for digital platform workers in cases of loss of income.
{"title":"Social Protection of Digital Platform Workers under Norwegian Law","authors":"Tine Eidsvaag","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this article is to investigate some encounters between the Norwegian system of economic risk-pooling for labour engaging individuals, and the emerging digital platform economy. The author argues that Norwegian labour and employment law, as well as social insurance law, may fall short in alleviating the economic strains of the typical digital platform worker in cases of loss of income. This is partly due to legal classification: Where Norwegian labour and employment law operates with two categories of labour engaging individuals: employees and non-employees, Norwegian social insurance law includes three categories: employees, freelancers, and self-employed persons. Employees are entitled to the most comprehensive and high-level coverage of income losses. The legal status of digital platform workers is basically unclear, and they may belong to each of the three categories, depending on contract terms. It is also argued that the Covid 19-pandemic has reinforced the differences between salaried, full-time, employees, and atypical workers such as digital platform workers. The compensation measures issued by the Norwegian state to cover income losses in relation to the pandemic did not meet the needs of the typical –freelance –digital platform worker to the same extent as those of undertakings and ‘traditional’ employees. The article suggests some measures to clarify the legal position and to give a better coverage for digital platform workers in cases of loss of income.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66906296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.02
S. Korolev
The traditional labor contract has actually ceased to be the principal legal document, regulating labor relations of Russian university teachers. The individual labor contract was reduced to the status of a mere ‘rudimentary’ annex to the so-called effective contract. The latter is legally non-existent and is not even mentioned in the Labor Code of Russia of 2001. The Covid-19 pandemic with its isolationist features aggravated the absurd paradigm change within the Russian Labor law. As a result, the illegitimate effective contract has virtually supplanted the regular labor contract. There may be traced three dominantfeatures of the new labor regime, induced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Firstly, the said labor regime fosters social dissociation of former (ante-pandemic) colleagues with the inevitable harm to the social nature and human dignity of homo faber. Secondly, wecan witness the strengthening of the external -via internet -exploitation of university teachers by a corresponding managerial staff and the merging of this exploitation with the academic staff’s self-exploitation. Thirdly, the said regime is responsible for virtual disappearance of difference between working days of university teachers and leisure hours, previously reserved for reading and research.
{"title":"Russian Professor as a Laborer in the Era of Ratings, Digitalization and the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"S. Korolev","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional labor contract has actually ceased to be the principal legal document, regulating labor relations of Russian university teachers. The individual labor contract was reduced to the status of a mere ‘rudimentary’ annex to the so-called effective contract. The latter is legally non-existent and is not even mentioned in the Labor Code of Russia of 2001. The Covid-19 pandemic with its isolationist features aggravated the absurd paradigm change within the Russian Labor law. As a result, the illegitimate effective contract has virtually supplanted the regular labor contract. There may be traced three dominantfeatures of the new labor regime, induced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Firstly, the said labor regime fosters social dissociation of former (ante-pandemic) colleagues with the inevitable harm to the social nature and human dignity of homo faber. Secondly, wecan witness the strengthening of the external -via internet -exploitation of university teachers by a corresponding managerial staff and the merging of this exploitation with the academic staff’s self-exploitation. Thirdly, the said regime is responsible for virtual disappearance of difference between working days of university teachers and leisure hours, previously reserved for reading and research.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66906288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.01.03
Jakub Zieliński
This article focuses on the issue of language as an interstate migration barrier in India. Nowadays, in the era of progressive globalization, when the term “global village” is accurate as never before, more and more attention is paid to the problems regarding migrations. As the result of its internal diversity and multilingualism - Indian society struggles with interstate migration barrier that is nearly non-existent in other countries. Language barrier. There are more than twenty different regional languages being used across India as official languages of particular states, but none of them could be described as the “national” language. As a consequence of that, many Indians are heavily limited in choosing their place of living and managing their education and career. The article provides detailed analysis of the roots of the problem, both historical and legal ones, as well as the evaluation of legislative measures taken in order to resolve it. The paper refers to multiple reports, statistics, and laws regarding discussed matter. Furthermore, this work also highlights the role of both legislature and society in the ongoing process of linguistic transformation.
{"title":"Language as an Interstate Migration Barrier – The Interesting Case of India","authors":"Jakub Zieliński","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the issue of language as an interstate migration barrier in India. Nowadays, in the era of progressive globalization, when the term “global village” is accurate as never before, more and more attention is paid to the problems regarding migrations. As the result of its internal diversity and multilingualism - Indian society struggles with interstate migration barrier that is nearly non-existent in other countries. Language barrier. There are more than twenty different regional languages being used across India as official languages of particular states, but none of them could be described as the “national” language. As a consequence of that, many Indians are heavily limited in choosing their place of living and managing their education and career. The article provides detailed analysis of the roots of the problem, both historical and legal ones, as well as the evaluation of legislative measures taken in order to resolve it. The paper refers to multiple reports, statistics, and laws regarding discussed matter. Furthermore, this work also highlights the role of both legislature and society in the ongoing process of linguistic transformation.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66905691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.01
Adrian Niewęgłowski
This article constitutes a modified version of the paper presented by the author on 8 March 2019 at the first National Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students entitled “Industrial Property Rights in the 21st Century – Theory and Practice.”
{"title":"Current Problems Being Faced by the Consortia with Respect to Industrial Property in the Light of Empirical Research","authors":"Adrian Niewęgłowski","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article constitutes a modified version of the paper presented by the author on 8 March 2019 at the first National Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students entitled “Industrial Property Rights in the 21st Century – Theory and Practice.”","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66905187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.07
R. Ciborowski
Technology change is one of the aspects which should be analysed by various economic relations. The logic of regional systems concerns the integration of enterprises and regional institutions with their environments, which in turn provide them with necessary production factors such as: labour, entrepreneurship, material and non-material infrastructure, social culture, and institutions. The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of technology in the process of creating and using knowledge and its impact on the economic effi ciency of the companies which function within their boundaries. The analysis is conducted using an Schumpeterian approach which gauges the infl uence of technology on the degree of knowledge utilisation and innovation levels in enterprises from regional economic systems.
{"title":"The Schumpeterian Approach to Technological Changes in Different Economic System","authors":"R. Ciborowski","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Technology change is one of the aspects which should be analysed by various economic relations. The logic of regional systems concerns the integration of enterprises and regional institutions with their environments, which in turn provide them with necessary production factors such as: labour, entrepreneurship, material and non-material infrastructure, social culture, and institutions. The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of technology in the process of creating and using knowledge and its impact on the economic effi ciency of the companies which function within their boundaries. The analysis is conducted using an Schumpeterian approach which gauges the infl uence of technology on the degree of knowledge utilisation and innovation levels in enterprises from regional economic systems.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66905146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is the Compulsory Licensing Mechanism Guaranteed by TRIPS the Best Remedy to Improve Access to Biological Therapies Worldwide?","authors":"Zbigniew Więckowski","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"I would like to thank dr hab. Marek Świerczynski prof. UKSW for his comments and suggestions, which helped me considerably to improve the article.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66905378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.04
Dominika Stopczańska
The changes recently introduced in both European regulations (article 4 of the Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 of the European Union trade mark, article 3 of the Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of Member State relating to trade marks), as well as in Polish national regulations (article 120 of the ustawa – prawo własności przemysłowej of 30 June 2000 Dz. U. no 49 position 508 with changes) make registering a sound trademark not only possible on the base of its graphical representation (musical score or sonogram) but also its recording. On the one hand, it will make registration easier, but on the other, it will signifi cantly change the nature of the subject of registration. Especially, it will concern signs which could be called musical trademarks. Their recording shall be seen as a kind of process in which each step is created by another person: the creator of the work, its performer and fi nally producer. What is the most important, each of them has his/ her own right, i.e. copyright or related right. The article will present the characteristics of musical trademarks, rights to them vested in their “creators” on the basis of Polish law and the relationships between those rights, including some specifi cs of musical trademark both as a trademark and musical work.
最近推出了在欧洲法规变化(第四条规定(欧盟)2017/1001的欧洲议会和理事会2017年6月14日的欧盟商标,3条指令(欧盟)2015/2436的欧洲议会和理事会2015年12月16日近似成员国有关商标的法律),以及在波兰国家规定(第120条ustawa——prawo własności przemysłowej 2000年6月30日Dz。美国第49号，第508号，修改后)使得注册声音商标不仅可以根据其图形表示(乐谱或声谱图)，而且可以根据其录音。一方面，它将使注册更容易，但另一方面，它将显著改变注册主体的性质。特别是，它将涉及可称为音乐商标的标志。他们的录音应被视为一种过程，其中的每一步都是由另一个人创造的:作品的创作者、表演者和最终的制作人。最重要的是，他们每个人都有自己的权利，即版权或相关权。本文将介绍音乐商标的特点，根据波兰法律赋予其“创作者”的权利，以及这些权利之间的关系，包括音乐商标作为商标和音乐作品的一些具体情况。
{"title":"Music Trademarks and Their Protection in Trademark and Copyright Law","authors":"Dominika Stopczańska","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The changes recently introduced in both European regulations (article 4 of the Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 of the European Union trade mark, article 3 of the Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of Member State relating to trade marks), as well as in Polish national regulations (article 120 of the ustawa – prawo własności przemysłowej of 30 June 2000 Dz. U. no 49 position 508 with changes) make registering a sound trademark not only possible on the base of its graphical representation (musical score or sonogram) but also its recording. On the one hand, it will make registration easier, but on the other, it will signifi cantly change the nature of the subject of registration. Especially, it will concern signs which could be called musical trademarks. Their recording shall be seen as a kind of process in which each step is created by another person: the creator of the work, its performer and fi nally producer. What is the most important, each of them has his/ her own right, i.e. copyright or related right. The article will present the characteristics of musical trademarks, rights to them vested in their “creators” on the basis of Polish law and the relationships between those rights, including some specifi cs of musical trademark both as a trademark and musical work.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66904909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.02.02
Radosław Mędrzycki
The present article is an attempt to discuss the legal and axiological aspects of preventing the causes of disability in the context of a “healthy” environment. The legal discourse on disability naturally touches upon matters related to the models of disability and the rights of the disabled. Yet, legal studies seldom link disability with environmental causes and consider the legal aspects of the subject from that perspective. This article explores the fundamental axiological conditions for combating the environmental factors of disability. The considerations resulted in listing the constitutional conditions in the form of a ‘healthy environment’ and two vital principles: the principle of sustainable development and the principle of intergenerational solidarity. Furthermore, both principles are based on supranational regulations.
{"title":"The Legal and Axiological Aspects of Preventing the Causes of Disability in the context of a ‘healthy environment’","authors":"Radosław Mędrzycki","doi":"10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2019.03.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The present article is an attempt to discuss the legal and axiological aspects of preventing the causes of disability in the context of a “healthy” environment. The legal discourse on disability naturally touches upon matters related to the models of disability and the rights of the disabled. Yet, legal studies seldom link disability with environmental causes and consider the legal aspects of the subject from that perspective. This article explores the fundamental axiological conditions for combating the environmental factors of disability. The considerations resulted in listing the constitutional conditions in the form of a ‘healthy environment’ and two vital principles: the principle of sustainable development and the principle of intergenerational solidarity. Furthermore, both principles are based on supranational regulations.","PeriodicalId":34800,"journal":{"name":"Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66905285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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