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Эссе о провинции (заметки о дефиците власти в современной России) 关于省份的文章(现代俄罗斯权力赤字的笔记)
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201918
Aleksandr Skiperskikh
In this article, the author using sketches of Russian culture, tries to understand, how institutions of power can function in the Russian province, and how they can be perceived by the society. The power is distributed unevenly, and this has a full effect on its deficit in relation to provincial political discourse. The Russian example is not an exception. From the author’s point of view, modern practices may have significant cultural grounds, hiding in a special relation to the province, which traditionally accompanied political discourse. The author sees this attitude in various sketches from the texts of Aleksandr Pushkin, Andrey Platonov, Anton Chekhov, Ivan Bunin and other Russian classics. The author’s interpretation of the problem required an appeal to the theoretical works of political philosophers, such as Giorgio Agamben, Albert Camus, Niklas Luhmann, Michel Foucault and Max Scheler. The author believes that in the space of the Russian province there is an objective deficit of institutions of power, which speaks, on the one hand, of a certain disregard for the province, and, on the other hand, testifies to the strength of resistance to local initiatives and legal nihilism that has become part of the political philosophy of the Russian provincial. In turn, the provision of a person to himself, affects a fairly critical attitude toward the political power. A person is not more capable of trusting the authorities and seeking support from them. His being increasingly assumes an existential character. The policy of the federal government in modern Russia gives rise to serious gaps between the center and the province, which can forms affect the specific perception of power itself, and also affects the formation of anarchic attitudes.
在这篇文章中,作者利用俄罗斯文化的草图,试图理解权力机构如何在俄罗斯省运作,以及它们如何被社会所感知。权力分配不均,这充分影响了它在省级政治话语方面的赤字。俄罗斯的例子也不例外。从作者的观点来看,现代实践可能具有重要的文化基础,隐藏在与省份的特殊关系中,这种关系传统上伴随着政治话语。作者从普希金、普拉托诺夫、契诃夫、伊万·布宁和其他俄罗斯经典作品的文本中看到了这种态度。作者对这个问题的解释需要诉诸政治哲学家的理论著作,如乔治·阿甘本、阿尔贝·加缪、尼克拉斯·卢曼、米歇尔·福柯和马克斯·舍勒。作者认为,在俄罗斯省的空间中,存在着权力机构的客观缺失,这一方面说明了对省的某种漠视,另一方面也证明了对地方倡议和法律虚无主义的抵制力度,这已经成为俄罗斯省的政治哲学的一部分。反过来,一个人对自己的规定,影响了对政治权力的相当批判的态度。一个人没有能力相信当局并向他们寻求支持。他的存在逐渐呈现出一种存在的特征。现代俄罗斯联邦政府的政策使中央与地方之间产生了严重的差距,这种差距既会形成对权力本身的具体认知,也会影响无政府主义态度的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Antyimperialistyczne dyskursy polityczno-medialne w regionach Hiszpanii i państwach Hispanoameryki 西班牙地区和西班牙裔美国国家的反帝国主义政治和媒体话语
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201922
Radosław Sajna
The article focuses on the political-media anti-imperialist discourses in various contexts within the Spanish-speaking world, that is in Spain and Hispanoamerica (the part of Latin America that was colonized by Spaniards and where today Spanish is official language). The analyzed discourses appear in different media: in the case of Spain the problem of the imperialism is present mainly in these regions where the cultural (regional) traditions are strong, like in Catalonia and Basque Country. In a political battle for independence Spain is treated as an imperialist enemy that occupies old, formerly independent, countries. In the case of Hispanoamerica some political leaders (mainly leftist) use the media (like for example an international TV station TeleSUR, founded thanks to an initiative of Hugo Chávez) to their propaganda, although today the main imperialist enemy is the United States (and not Spain) with its “neoliberal”, “neocolonial” economic policy towards poorer nations of Latin America.
本文关注的是西班牙语世界中各种语境下的政治媒体反帝国主义话语,即西班牙和西班牙美洲(西班牙人殖民的拉丁美洲部分,今天西班牙语是官方语言)。被分析的话语出现在不同的媒体上:在西班牙的情况下,帝国主义的问题主要存在于这些文化(地区)传统很强的地区,比如加泰罗尼亚和巴斯克地区。在争取独立的政治斗争中,西班牙被视为帝国主义的敌人,占领了古老的、以前独立的国家。在拉丁美洲,一些政治领导人(主要是左派)利用媒体(例如国际电视台TeleSUR,这是雨果Chávez的倡议建立的)进行宣传,尽管今天主要的帝国主义敌人是美国(而不是西班牙),其对拉丁美洲较贫穷国家的“新自由主义”,“新殖民主义”经济政策。
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引用次数: 1
Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A Realist Approach 上海合作组织:现实主义取向
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201901
Jildiz Nicharapova
The main goal of this paper is an analysis of activities, purposes, problems of the (SCO) since its inception in order to understand what is the main reason behind its creation and existence? What are its achievements and what benefits have got each member state? Is it beneficial to all members? The hypothesis is that SCO serves only its big members, it was intended to be a China’s tool to enter Central Asia without vexing Russia. The article analyzes the activities of the SCO with the existing theories in IR in order to answer these questions. The main objective of the SCO was an attempt by the powers of the Central Asia to control the region. The SCO faces problems of distrust between its members. It is a very important instrument of guaranteeing Sino-Central Asian partnership. It is also a guarantee that China will never dominate Central Asia due to many signed agreements within the organization. With more than twenty years of history and existence, the SCO may become a real force on the international arena. The SCO’s intention is to become a world power and to construct a fairer international order. The SCO has the economic potential and political will to do it.
本文的主要目的是分析上海合作组织自成立以来的活动,目的和问题,以了解其创建和存在的主要原因是什么?各成员国取得了哪些成就和利益?它对所有成员都有利吗?假设上海合作组织只服务于它的大成员国,它的目的是成为中国进入中亚而不惹恼俄罗斯的工具。本文运用已有的国际关系理论对上海合作组织的活动进行分析,以期回答这些问题。上合组织的主要目标是中亚国家试图控制该地区。上海合作组织面临着成员国之间互不信任的问题。这是保障中国-中亚伙伴关系的重要手段。由于该组织内部签署了许多协议,这也保证了中国永远不会主导中亚。上海合作组织有20多年的历史和发展,有可能成为国际舞台上一支真正的力量。上海合作组织的目标是成为世界强国,构建更加公正的国际秩序。上海合作组织有这样做的经济潜力和政治意愿。
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引用次数: 0
The United Kingdom’s Trade Relations with Kenya in the Context of Brexit 脱欧背景下英国与肯尼亚的贸易关系
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201905
Łukasz Jureńczyk
The subject of the article is trade cooperation between Great Britain and Kenya in the context of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union. The article characterizes the commercial cooperation of Great Britain and Kenya and discusses the trends existing in this field in recent years. The main threats to this cooperation that Brexit brings are presented, as well as the actions that states must implement to counteract the negative consequences of Brexit and the opportunities that Brexit potentially gives to deepening trade cooperation between countries. In addition, the political climate change that has occurred between countries in recent years, which has a significant impact on the implementation of economic cooperation, including trade, has been outlined. The purpose of the article is to present and evaluate the challenges that the countries face in the context of Brexit, which they must overcome in order to maintain and deepen trade cooperation. The main research problem is whether Brexit will weaken or accelerate trade relations between Great Britain and Kenya? The main hypothesis of the article is that Brexit causes great uncertainty about the future of trade cooperation between Great Britain and Kenya. However, it gives the opportunity to dynamize this cooperation, and Kenya can become a model partner for the United Kingdom within the concept of „Global Britain” promoted by London. Kenya’s positive development trends make it an increasingly attractive trading partner for Great Britain. However, Kenya wants to take advantage of the UK’s search for trading partners outside the European Union.
这篇文章的主题是在英国退出欧盟的背景下,英国和肯尼亚之间的贸易合作。本文介绍了英国与肯尼亚商业合作的特点,并讨论了近年来在这一领域存在的趋势。提出了英国脱欧给这种合作带来的主要威胁,以及各国必须采取的行动来抵消英国脱欧的负面影响,以及英国脱欧可能给深化各国之间贸易合作带来的机会。此外,还概述了近年来国家之间发生的政治气候变化,这对包括贸易在内的经济合作的实施产生了重大影响。本文的目的是提出和评估各国在英国退欧背景下面临的挑战,为了保持和深化贸易合作,他们必须克服这些挑战。主要的研究问题是英国脱欧是否会削弱或加速英国与肯尼亚之间的贸易关系?本文的主要假设是英国脱欧给英国和肯尼亚之间的贸易合作的未来带来了很大的不确定性。然而,它为这种合作提供了机会,肯尼亚可以在伦敦推动的“全球英国”概念中成为联合王国的模范伙伴。肯尼亚积极的发展趋势使其成为对英国越来越有吸引力的贸易伙伴。然而,肯尼亚希望利用英国在欧盟以外寻找贸易伙伴的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Access to Public Information as a Political Sciences Technique: What and How Should Be Studied, and What for? 公共信息获取作为一种政治科学技术:应该研究什么、如何研究、为什么研究?
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201923
Marcin Wałdoch
Access to public information in Poland is most typically discussed in the legal and political contexts. However, it is not consciously discussed as a possibility for political scholars to exercise their right of access to public information. This paper, which is of postulatory nature, identifies the benefits for those political scholars who decide to use, in the process of data collection, their right of access to public information as a data collection technique. The proposed technic of data collection may be used by scholars – political scientists around the world.
在波兰,获取公共信息通常是在法律和政治背景下讨论的。然而,作为政治学者行使公共信息知情权的一种可能性,并没有被有意识地加以讨论。本文是一篇具有假设性质的文章,它确定了那些决定在数据收集过程中使用公共信息获取权作为一种数据收集技术的政治学者的利益。所提出的数据收集技术可能被世界各地的学者-政治科学家使用。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution of Power and a Political Change in David Hume’s Poltical Theory 休谟政治理论中的权力分配与政治变迁
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201911
Łukasz Perlikowski
In this paper I would like to present an interpretation of David Hume’s political theory. Therefore, a method of investigation can be recognized as hermeneutical one. Main threads which I would like to emphasize are: concept of stability, distribution of power, role of an opinion in political dimension and a conservative attitude toward a change. I claim that important lesson for political science can be taken from his theory. Generally speaking, this lesson consists in refusing the so-called political regime fetishism and focusing on the relevant issues of social stability. These issues are strictly determined by the opinions, hence the proper subject-matter of political science is identified with them. As one of the conclusions I propose a thesis that politics is, and ought only to be slave of opinions, what is an allusion to a famous sentence from A Treatise of Human Nature that the reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions.
在本文中,我想对大卫·休谟的政治理论进行解释。因此,一种调查方法可以被认为是解释学的方法。我想强调的主要线索是:稳定的概念,权力的分配,意见在政治层面的作用以及对变革的保守态度。我认为可以从他的理论中吸取政治学的重要教训。总的来说,这个教训在于拒绝所谓的政治制度拜物教,关注社会稳定的相关问题。这些问题严格地由意见决定,因此政治科学的适当主题与它们一致。作为结论之一,我提出了一个论点,即政治是,而且只应该是意见的奴隶,这是《人性论》中一句名言的典故,即理性是,而且只应该是激情的奴隶。
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引用次数: 1
Problem degeneracji w myśli anarchistycznej P. Kropotkina 克罗波特金无政府主义思想中的退化问题
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201912
Maciej Drabiński
Peter Kropotkin was one of the most theorists of anarchism, a respected scholar and a leading representative of the so-called Russian (Eastern) Darwinism. Merging political and scientific ambition by the “anarchist prince” underlaid his scientism and was an assumption for making a critical analysis of existing socio-economic reality in the light of its influence on the biological and moral condition of humankind. The Russian anarchist was convinced about the destructive influence of conditions produced by the state and capitalism which he found as the fundamental cause of human degeneration. In this context, Kropotkin’s political proposals may be seen as a try to overcome a progressing both biological and moral crisis of humankind. The aim of this article is to present the mentioned analysis and to demonstrate the influence and similarities of Kropotkin’s project to the so-called theory of degeneration that was popular in the second half of XIX century.
彼得·克鲁泡特金是无政府主义最重要的理论家之一,是一位受人尊敬的学者,也是所谓俄国(东方)达尔文主义的主要代表人物。这位"无政府主义王子"将政治和科学野心结合起来,这是他的科学主义的基础,也是他根据对人类生物和道德状况的影响,对现有社会经济现实进行批判性分析的假设。这位俄罗斯无政府主义者深信国家和资本主义所产生的条件的破坏性影响,他认为这是人类退化的根本原因。在这种背景下,克鲁泡特金的政治建议可以被视为一种克服人类不断发展的生物和道德危机的尝试。本文的目的是提出上述分析,并证明克鲁泡特金的项目对19世纪下半叶流行的所谓退化理论的影响和相似之处。
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引用次数: 0
Italy’s Cultural Diplomacy: From Propaganda to Cultural Cooperation 意大利的文化外交:从宣传到文化合作
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201902
L. Medici
Cultural diplomacy has always been an important tool in Italian foreign policy. Culture represented a significant resource already in the liberal period and was also widely used by Fascism. During the inter-war period, cultural promotion abroad aimed at spreading the regime’s political-social organizational model. In the second post-war period, cultural resources played a fundamental role in Italian international relations. The democratic government carried out a transition from an essentially propagandistic action, which Fascism implemented especially in the second half of 1930’s, to a cultural diplomacy more attentive to the issues of dialogue and cooperation. The soft power of culture grew in importance. Lacking effective diplomatic tools of a political and economic nature, the new ruling class promoted the nation’s cultural tradition. Although with means and personnel widely used already during the Fascist period, democratic Italy adopted an innovative cultural diplomacy with regard to premises and goals. This policy was apparently low-key and devoid of political themes, but in reality it was aimed at acquiring, in the long run, the friendship and the sympathy of the elites of other countries, so as to bolster political and economic relations. In the framework of a broader course of action, aimed at supporting multilateral diplomacy, the new leaders of post-Fascist Italy also promoted an international cultural cooperation which reversed the previous power politics and the unilateral assertion of Italian culture, but was still careful to defend the nation’s interests. This cooperative dimension was realized above all with the participation in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
文化外交一直是意大利外交政策的重要工具。文化是自由主义时期的重要资源,也被法西斯主义广泛使用。在南北战争时期,海外文化宣传旨在传播政权的政治社会组织模式。在战后第二个时期,文化资源在意大利的国际关系中发挥了基础性作用。民主政府从法西斯主义特别是在20世纪30年代后半叶实施的本质上的宣传行动转变为更加关注对话与合作问题的文化外交。文化的软实力越来越重要。由于缺乏有效的政治和经济外交工具,新的统治阶级促进了国家的文化传统。尽管在法西斯时期已经广泛使用了手段和人员,但民主的意大利在前提和目标方面采取了创新的文化外交。这项政策表面上很低调,没有政治主题,但从长远来看,其目的是获得其他国家精英的友谊和同情,以加强政治和经济关系。在旨在支持多边外交的更广泛行动纲领的框架内,后法西斯意大利的新领导人还推动了国际文化合作,扭转了以前的强权政治和对意大利文化的单方面主张,但仍然谨慎地捍卫国家利益。这一合作层面首先是在联合国教育、科学及文化组织(教科文组织)的参与下实现的。
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引用次数: 1
Proces ‘bottom-up’ – idea planowania rozwoju i projektowania przestrzeni oparta na partycypacji społecznej “自下而上”的过程——基于社会参与规划开发和设计空间的理念
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201915
D. Muszyńska-Jeleszyńska
Bottom-up is an idea of inclusion of city inhabitants into planning and projecting processes. The basis of this approach is a real participation, engagement, cooperation and common decision-making by various actors of projecting process. A key role in the process is played by a local society perceived as a subject and the most important recipient of the outcome. The bottom-up process is based on the professional facilitation of content based on recognized legal and ethical assumptions. The main aim of the article is to present ideas and the most important assumptions of the bottom-up process in the context of socializing the planning and development processes. The article consists an analysis of the roles of particular participants of the press. Also, it includes a presentation of Dutch experiences in co-realizing planning processes with inhabitants. The article was created as a result of the author’s experiences gained through the participation in the project entitled “PWP – nowatorskie narzędzie kształtowania przestrzeni publicznej”.
自下而上是一种将城市居民纳入规划和规划过程的理念。这种方法的基础是项目过程中各种参与者的真正参与、参与、合作和共同决策。在这个过程中,当地社会发挥了关键作用,被视为一个主体,也是结果的最重要接受者。自下而上的过程是基于公认的法律和道德假设的内容的专业便利化。本文的主要目的是在社会化规划和开发过程的背景下,提出自下而上过程的想法和最重要的假设。这篇文章分析了新闻界的特定参与者的角色。此外,它还介绍了荷兰与居民共同实现规划过程的经验。这篇文章是作者通过参与题为“PWP - nowatorskie narzędzie kształtowania przestrzeni publicznej”的项目获得的经验而编写的。
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引用次数: 1
Preferencje polityczne a świadomość ekologiczna – przypadek mieszkańców województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego 政治偏好和生态意识——Kujawsko Pomorskie省居民的案例
Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/siip201820
Wojciech Trempała
This article presents the results of the empirical research on the relationship between political preferences and environmental awareness among the inhabitants of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The author’s aim was to answer whether respondents’ political preferences transfer to their environmental attitudes - how they perceive the hierarchy of beings and the moral meaning of nature in particular, but also, their willingness to pro-ecological attitude and their readiness to sacrifice their own business for the interest of the environment.
本文介绍了对库雅维-波美拉尼亚省居民的政治偏好和环境意识之间关系的实证研究结果。作者的目的是回答受访者的政治偏好是否会转变为他们的环境态度——他们如何看待人类的等级制度,尤其是自然的道德意义,以及他们是否愿意采取亲生态的态度,以及他们愿意为环境利益牺牲自己的事业。
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引用次数: 0
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