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Approachable Case Studies Support Learning and Reproducibility in Data Science: An Example from Evolutionary Biology 可接近的案例研究支持数据科学中的学习和再现性:一个来自进化生物学的例子
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2099487
Luna L. Sánchez Reyes, E. J. McTavish
ABSTRACT Research reproducibility is essential for scientific development. Yet, rates of reproducibility are low. As increasingly more research relies on computers and software, efforts for improving reproducibility rates have focused on making research products digitally available, such as publishing analysis workflows as computer code, and raw and processed data in computer readable form. However, research products that are digitally available are not necessarily friendly for learners and interested parties with little to no experience in the field. This renders research products unapproachable, counteracts their availability, and hinders scientific reproducibility. To improve both short- and long-term adoption of reproducible scientific practices, research products need to be made approachable for learners, the researchers of the future. Using a case study within evolutionary biology, we identify aspects of research workflows that make them unapproachable to the general audience: use of highly specialized language; unclear goals and high cognitive load; and lack of trouble-shooting examples. We propose principles to improve the unapproachable aspects of research workflows and illustrate their application using an online teaching resource. We elaborate on the general application of these principles for documenting research products and teaching materials, to provide present learners and future researchers with tools for successful scientific reproducibility. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
摘要研究的再现性对科学发展至关重要。然而,再现率很低。随着越来越多的研究依赖于计算机和软件,提高再现率的努力集中在使研究产品数字化,例如以计算机代码的形式发布分析工作流程,以及以计算机可读形式发布原始和处理数据。然而,数字化的研究产品对在该领域几乎没有经验的学习者和感兴趣的各方来说并不一定友好。这使得研究产品无法接近,抵消了它们的可用性,并阻碍了科学的再现性。为了提高可重复科学实践的短期和长期采用率,研究产品需要让学习者和未来的研究人员能够接近。通过进化生物学中的一个案例研究,我们确定了研究工作流程中使其无法为普通受众所接受的方面:使用高度专业化的语言;目标不明确,认知负荷高;以及缺乏故障排除示例。我们提出了改进研究工作流程中不可接近的方面的原则,并使用在线教学资源说明了它们的应用。我们详细阐述了这些原则在记录研究产品和教材方面的一般应用,为现在的学习者和未来的研究人员提供成功的科学再现性工具。本文的补充材料可在线获取。
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引用次数: 2
Leveraging the “Large” in Large Lecture Statistics Classes 利用统计学大课中的“大”
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2099488
Kady Schneiter, KimberLeigh Felix Hadfield, Jenny Lee Clements
Abstract Being a teacher or a student in a class with a large enrollment can be intimidating. Often, teachers view comforts that are common to small classes as unattainable in a larger class, including knowing students’ names, using active learning, employing group work, and creating group discussion. Students in large classes may find that the class size leads to isolation. At Utah State University, we offer introductory statistics classes for various audiences using a large lecture format. The authors have collectively led these large lectures dozens of times and found that, despite its shortcomings, the large lecture format can be an asset when teaching statistics. With an active learning approach such as recommended by the revised GAISE College report, large class sizes permit realistic sampling, facilitate student-driven simulation, and provide bountiful opportunities for experimentation. In this article, we discuss the benefits of large classes for statistics teaching and present examples of using large class sizes to create an engaging environment that where students are involved in active learning and collecting real data to foster statistical thinking.
作为一名教师或一名学生在一个有大量注册的班级里可能会令人生畏。通常,老师们认为小班教学中常见的舒适在大班教学中是无法实现的,包括知道学生的名字,积极学习,采用小组合作,组织小组讨论。大班的学生可能会发现班级规模导致孤立。在犹他州立大学,我们采用大型讲座的形式为不同的听众提供统计学入门课程。作者们已经集体领导了几十次这样的大型讲座,并发现,尽管有缺点,大型讲座形式在教授统计学时可能是一种资产。采用GAISE学院修订报告推荐的主动学习方法,大班授课允许真实的抽样,促进学生驱动的模拟,并提供丰富的实验机会。在本文中,我们讨论了大班教学对统计学教学的好处,并给出了使用大班教学来创造一个吸引人的环境的例子,在这个环境中,学生参与主动学习和收集真实数据,以培养统计思维。
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引用次数: 0
An Invitation to Teaching Reproducible Research: Lessons from a Symposium 邀请教授可再生研究:研讨会的经验教训
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2099489
Richard Ball, Norm Medeiros, Nicholas W. Bussberg, A. Piekut
ABSTRACT This article synthesizes ideas that emerged over the course of a 10-week symposium titled “Teaching Reproducible Research: Educational Outcomes” https://www.projecttier.org/fellowships-and-workshops/2021-spring-symposium that took place in the spring of 2021. The speakers included one linguist, three political scientists, seven psychologists, and three statisticians; about half of them were based in the United States and about half in the United Kingdom. The symposium focused on a particular form of reproducibility—namely computational reproducibility—and the paper begins with an exposition of what computational reproducibility is and how it can be achieved. Drawing on talks by the speakers and comments from participants, the paper then enumerates several reasons for which learning reproducible research methods enhance the education of college and university students; the benefits have partly to do with developing computational skills that prepare students for future education and employment, but they also have to do with their intellectual development more broadly. The article also distills insights from the symposium about practical strategies instructors can adopt to integrate reproducibility into their teaching, as well as to promote the practice among colleagues and throughout departmental curricula. The conceptual framework about the meaning and purposes of teaching reproducibility, and the practical guidance about how to get started, add up to an invitation to instructors to explore the potential for introducing reproducibility in their classes and research supervision.
本文综合了在2021年春季举行的为期10周的题为“教学可复制研究:教育成果”https://www.projecttier.org/fellowships-and-workshops/2021-spring-symposium研讨会上出现的想法。发言者包括一名语言学家、三名政治学家、七名心理学家和三名统计学家;其中大约一半在美国,大约一半在英国。研讨会的重点是一种特殊形式的可再现性——即计算可再现性——论文首先阐述了什么是计算可再现性以及如何实现它。根据演讲者的演讲和参与者的评论,本文列举了学习可复制研究方法提高大学生教育的几个原因;这些好处部分与培养学生为未来教育和就业做准备的计算技能有关,但它们也与更广泛的智力发展有关。本文还从研讨会中提炼出一些关于教师可以采用的实用策略的见解,这些策略可以将再现性整合到他们的教学中,并在同事之间和整个院系课程中推广实践。关于教学可再现性的意义和目的的概念框架,以及关于如何开始的实践指导,加在一起,邀请教师探索在课堂和研究监督中引入可再现性的潜力。
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引用次数: 4
Exploring the Use of Statistics Curricula with Annotated Lesson Notes 探索统计学课程与课堂笔记注释的使用
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2099486
Elizabeth G. Arnold, J. Green
ABSTRACT In K–12 statistics education, there is a call to integrate statistics content standards throughout a mathematics curriculum and to teach these standards from a data analytic perspective. Annotated lesson notes within a lesson plan are a freely available resource to provide teachers support when navigating potentially unfamiliar statistics content and teaching practices. We identified several types of annotated lesson notes, created two statistics lesson plans that contained various annotated lesson notes, and observed secondary mathematics teachers implement the lesson plans in their intermediate algebra courses. For this study, we qualitatively investigated how two teachers’ instructional actions compared to what was prescribed in the annotated lesson notes. We found ways in which the teachers’ instructional actions, across their differing contexts, aligned with, varied from, or adapted to the annotated lesson notes. From these results, we highlight affordances and limitations of annotated lesson notes for statistics instruction and offer recommendations for those who create statistics curricula with annotated lesson notes.
摘要在K-12统计学教育中,有人呼吁将统计学内容标准整合到整个数学课程中,并从数据分析的角度教授这些标准。课程计划中的注释性课堂笔记是一种免费的资源,可在教师浏览可能不熟悉的统计内容和教学实践时为其提供支持。我们确定了几种类型的注释课堂笔记,创建了两个包含各种注释课堂笔记的统计学课程计划,并观察了中学数学教师在其中级代数课程中实施这些课程计划。在这项研究中,我们定性地调查了两位教师的教学行为与注释课堂笔记中规定的行为的比较情况。我们发现了教师在不同背景下的教学行为与注释的课堂笔记相一致、不同或适应的方式。从这些结果中,我们强调了带注释的课堂笔记在统计学教学中的可供性和局限性,并为那些使用带注释的课程笔记创建统计学课程的人提供了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Collaborative Writing Workflows in the Data-Driven Classroom: A Conversation Starter 数据驱动课堂中的协作写作工作流程:对话启动器
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2082602
S. Stoudt
Abstract To paraphrase John Tukey, the beauty of working with data is that you get to “play in everyone’s backyard.” A corollary to this statement is that working with data necessitates collaboration. Although students often learn technical workflows to wrangle and analyze data, these workflows may break down or require adjustment to accommodate the different stages of the writing process when it is time to face the communication phase of the project. In this article, I propose two writing workflows for use by students in a final-project setting. One workflow involves version control and aims to minimize the chance of a merge conflict throughout the writing process, and the other aims to add some level of reproducibility to a Google-Doc-heavy writing workflow (i.e., avoid manual copying and pasting). Both rely on a division of the labor, require a plan (and structure) to be created and followed by members of a team, and involve communication outside of the final report document itself. This article does not aim to solve all collaborative writing pain points but instead aims to start the conversation on how to explicitly teach students not only how to code collaboratively but to write collaboratively.
用John Tukey的话来说,处理数据的美妙之处在于你可以“在每个人的后院玩耍”。这句话的推论是,处理数据需要协作。虽然学生经常学习技术工作流程来争论和分析数据,但当面对项目的沟通阶段时,这些工作流程可能会崩溃或需要调整以适应写作过程的不同阶段。在这篇文章中,我提出了两个写作工作流程,供学生在期末项目中使用。一种工作流程涉及版本控制,旨在将整个编写过程中合并冲突的可能性降到最低,另一种工作流程旨在为google - doc密集型的编写工作流程增加一定程度的可重复性(即,避免手动复制和粘贴)。两者都依赖于劳动分工,需要团队成员创建和遵循计划(和结构),并涉及最终报告文档本身之外的沟通。本文的目的不是解决所有协作编写的痛点,而是旨在开始讨论如何明确地教导学生不仅如何协作编写代码,而且如何协作编写。
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引用次数: 0
SCRATCH to R: Toward an Inclusive Pedagogy in Teaching Coding 从SCRATCH到R:迈向编码教学的包容性教学法
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2090467
Shuan Liao
Abstract SCRATCH, developed by the Media Lab at MIT, is a kid-friendly visual programming language, designed to introduce programming to children and teens in a “more thinkable, more meaningful, and more social” way. Although it was initially intended for K-12 students, educators have used it for higher education as well, and found it particularly helpful for those who haven’t had the privilege of learning coding before college. In this article, we propose using SCRATCH to create an interactive and fun project for introduction as a gateway to learn R in introductory or intermediate statistics courses. We begin with a literature review on recent K-12 computing education, as well as how visual coding has been used in college classrooms as an aid for teaching syntax-based coding. Then, we explain the design of the proposed project and share the observations from a pilot study in a liberal arts college with 39 students who had diverse coding experiences. We find that the most disadvantaged students are not those with no coding experience, but those with poor prior coding experience or with low coding self-efficacy. This innovative SCRATCH-to-R approach also offers us a pathway toward an inclusive pedagogy in teaching coding.
摘要SCRATCH由麻省理工学院媒体实验室开发,是一种儿童友好的视觉编程语言,旨在以“更易于思考、更有意义、更具社交性”的方式向儿童和青少年介绍编程。尽管它最初是为K-12学生设计的,但教育工作者也将其用于高等教育,并发现它对那些在大学之前没有学习编码特权的人特别有用。在本文中,我们建议使用SCRATCH创建一个交互式且有趣的入门项目,作为在入门或中级统计学课程中学习R的门户。我们首先回顾了最近K-12计算机教育的文献,以及视觉编码如何在大学课堂上被用作基于语法的编码教学的辅助手段。然后,我们解释了拟议项目的设计,并与39名具有不同编码经验的学生分享了在一所文科学院进行的试点研究的观察结果。我们发现,处境最不利的学生不是那些没有编码经验的学生,而是那些先前编码经验较差或编码自我效能感较低的学生。这种创新的SCRATCH-to-R方法也为我们提供了一条在编码教学中实现包容性教学法的途径。
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引用次数: 2
Data Science Ethos Lifecycle: Interplay of Ethical Thinking and Data Science Practice 数据科学伦理生命周期:伦理思想与数据科学实践的互动
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2089411
Margarita Boenig-Liptsin, A. Tanweer, A. Edmundson
Abstract This article presents the Data Science Ethos Lifecycle, a tool for engaging responsible workflow developed by an interdisciplinary team of social scientists and data scientists working with the Academic Data Science Alliance. The tool uses a data science lifecycle framework to engage data science students and practitioners with the ethical dimensions of their practice. The lifecycle supports practitioners to increase awareness of how their practice shapes and is shaped by the social world and to articulate their responsibility to public stakeholders. We discuss the theoretical foundations from the fields of Science, Technology and Society, feminist theory, and critical race theory that animate the Ethos Lifecycle and show how these orient the tool toward a normative commitment to justice and what we call the “world-making” view of data science. We introduce four conceptual lenses—positionality, power, sociotechnical systems, and narratives—that are at work in the Ethos Lifecycle and show how they can bring to light ethical and human issues in a real-world data science project.
摘要本文介绍了数据科学Ethos生命周期,这是一个由社会科学家和数据科学家组成的跨学科团队与学术数据科学联盟合作开发的用于参与负责任工作流程的工具。该工具使用数据科学生命周期框架,让数据科学学生和从业者了解其实践的伦理层面。生命周期支持从业者提高对他们的实践如何形成和被社会世界塑造的认识,并向公共利益相关者阐明他们的责任。我们讨论了科学、技术和社会、女权主义理论和批判性种族理论等领域的理论基础,这些理论基础激发了民族生命周期,并展示了这些理论基础如何将工具导向对正义的规范承诺,以及我们所称的数据科学的“造世界”观。我们介绍了在Ethos生命周期中发挥作用的四个概念视角——位置、权力、社会技术系统和叙事,并展示了它们如何在现实世界的数据科学项目中揭示伦理和人类问题。
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引用次数: 4
Teaching Statistics and Data Analysis with R 用R语言教授统计学和数据分析
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2089410
Mary C. Tucker, S. Shaw, Ji Yeon Son, J. Stigler
Abstract We developed an interactive online textbook that interleaves R programming activities with text as a way to facilitate students’ understanding of statistical ideas while minimizing the cognitive and emotional burden of learning programming. In this exploratory study, we characterize the attitudes and experiences of 672 undergraduate students as they used our online textbook as part of a 10-week introductory course in statistics. Students expressed negative attitudes and concerns related to R at the beginning of the course, but most developed more positive attitudes after engaging with course materials, regardless of demographic characteristics or prior programming experience. Analysis of a subgroup of students revealed that change in attitudes toward R may be linked to students’ patterns of engagement over time and students’ perceptions of the learning environment.
我们开发了一种交互式在线教科书,将R编程活动与文本穿插在一起,以促进学生对统计思想的理解,同时最大限度地减少学习编程的认知和情感负担。在这项探索性研究中,我们描述了672名本科生的态度和经历,因为他们使用我们的在线教科书作为为期10周的统计学入门课程的一部分。在课程开始时,学生们对R语言表现出消极的态度和担忧,但在接触课程材料后,大多数学生的态度变得更加积极,而不管人口统计学特征或先前的编程经验如何。对一组学生的分析表明,对R的态度的变化可能与学生随着时间的推移参与模式和学生对学习环境的看法有关。
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引用次数: 6
Designing a Large, Online Simulation-Based Introductory Statistics Course 设计一个大型的、基于在线模拟的统计学入门课程
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2022.2087810
E. Burnham, E. Blankenship, Sydney E. Brown
Abstract We designed an asynchronous undergraduate introductory statistics course that focuses on simulation-based inference at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. In this article, we describe the process we used to design the course and the structure of the course. We also discuss feedback and comments we received from students on the course evaluations, and we reflect on the course after teaching it for the past three years. Our goal is to provide useful tips and ideas for instructors who have developed or are developing their own asynchronous introductory course. While we emphasize simulation-based inference in our course, we believe that many of the design features of this course would be useful for those using a traditional approach to inference in their introductory courses. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
摘要我们在内布拉斯加大学林肯分校设计了一门异步本科生统计学入门课程,重点是基于模拟的推理。在这篇文章中,我们描述了我们用来设计课程的过程和课程的结构。我们还讨论了学生对课程评估的反馈和意见,并在过去三年的教学后对课程进行了反思。我们的目标是为已经开发或正在开发自己的异步入门课程的讲师提供有用的提示和想法。虽然我们在课程中强调基于模拟的推理,但我们相信,本课程的许多设计特点对于那些在入门课程中使用传统推理方法的人来说是有用的。本文的补充材料可在线获取。
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引用次数: 0
Three Principles for Modernizing an Undergraduate Regression Analysis Course 大学生回归分析课程现代化的三个原则
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2023.2165989
Maria Tackett
Abstract As data have become more prevalent in academia, industry, and daily life, it is imperative that undergraduate students are equipped with the skills needed to analyze data in the modern environment. In recent years there has been a lot of work innovating introductory statistics courses and developing introductory data science courses; however, there has been less work beyond the first course. This article describes innovations to Regression Analysis taught at Duke University, a course focused on application that serves a diverse undergraduate student population of statistics and data science majors along with nonmajors. Three principles guiding the modernization of the course are presented with details about how these principles align with the necessary skills of practice outlined in recent statistics and data science curriculum guidelines. The article includes pedagogical strategies, motivated by the innovations in introductory courses, that make it feasible to implement skills for the practice of modern statistics and data science alongside fundamental statistical concepts. The article concludes with the impact of these changes, challenges, and next steps for the course. Portions of in-class activities and assignments are included in the article, with full sample assignments and resources for finding data in the supplemental materials. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
随着数据在学术、工业和日常生活中变得越来越普遍,大学生必须具备在现代环境中分析数据所需的技能。近年来,在统计入门课程的创新和数据科学入门课程的开发方面做了大量的工作;然而,在第一门课程之外的工作较少。本文描述了杜克大学(Duke University)教授的回归分析(Regression Analysis)的创新之处,这门课程侧重于应用程序,为统计学和数据科学专业以及非专业的本科生提供服务。介绍了指导课程现代化的三个原则,并详细介绍了这些原则如何与最近统计和数据科学课程指南中概述的必要实践技能保持一致。文章包括教学策略,由创新的入门课程的动机,这使得它可行的实施技能的实践现代统计和数据科学与基本的统计概念。本文总结了这些变化的影响、挑战以及课程的后续步骤。部分课堂活动和作业包含在文章中,完整的示例作业和在补充材料中查找数据的资源。本文的补充材料可在网上获得。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education
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