Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a term used to describe the association of vascular nevi with different pigmentary nevi. There are a very few case reports describing the association of two pigmented nevi or pigmented anomalies of nevoid character. The pathogenetic mechanism of such association is hypothesized to be twin spotting. Wolf at al has coined the term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria for describing the association different pigmenatry nevi or nevoid disorders. We report a rare case of baby born with co-localized segmental CALMs with aberrant Mongolian spots on the trunk. Our case can be considered as an example of this term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria.
{"title":"A Baby with Café-au-lait Macules and Aberrant Mongolian Spot: Report of Phakomatosis Pigmentopigmentaria","authors":"Vishalakshi S. Pandit, Y. R. Rakesh","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_91_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_91_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a term used to describe the association of vascular nevi with different pigmentary nevi. There are a very few case reports describing the association of two pigmented nevi or pigmented anomalies of nevoid character. The pathogenetic mechanism of such association is hypothesized to be twin spotting. Wolf at al has coined the term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria for describing the association different pigmenatry nevi or nevoid disorders. We report a rare case of baby born with co-localized segmental CALMs with aberrant Mongolian spots on the trunk. Our case can be considered as an example of this term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Maheshwari, Pihu Sethi, Paridhi, S. Kalhan, Bhuvan Adhlakha
Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) makes up a small proportion of extrapulmonary TB. Studies from India report an incidence of 0.1% of all cases of extrapulmonary TB. Lupus vulgaris (LV) is a common form of TB which is usually seen in individuals who have been previously sensitized with Mycobacterium TB. Here, we are reporting a case of orofacial granulomatosis in a 21-year-old female which highlights the importance of histopathology in aiding diagnosis in such patients where multiple etiologies may be responsible for a particular clinical presentation, along with the atypical presentation of LV.
{"title":"Orofacial Granulomatosis Secondary to Cutaneous Tuberculosis: An Atypical Presentation","authors":"K. Maheshwari, Pihu Sethi, Paridhi, S. Kalhan, Bhuvan Adhlakha","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_71_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_71_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) makes up a small proportion of extrapulmonary TB. Studies from India report an incidence of 0.1% of all cases of extrapulmonary TB. Lupus vulgaris (LV) is a common form of TB which is usually seen in individuals who have been previously sensitized with Mycobacterium TB. Here, we are reporting a case of orofacial granulomatosis in a 21-year-old female which highlights the importance of histopathology in aiding diagnosis in such patients where multiple etiologies may be responsible for a particular clinical presentation, along with the atypical presentation of LV.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madegowda Basavapura Shashikumar, M. Harish, H. M. Naidu, MV Vinaykumar, K. Deepadarshan, H. Phani
Pityriasis alba (PA) is a common, self-limiting skin disease of childhood. Several micronutrient deficiencies have been attributed to causing PA. Few studies have found a decreased level of serum zinc to be associated with PA, whereas other studies have found a deficiency of serum copper, magnesium, ferritin, and Vitamin D3 to be associated with PA. The objective of the study was to estimate the serum levels of micronutrients (zinc, copper, magnesium, and ferritin), hemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin, and Vitamin D3 in patients of PA and compare the same with that of controls. A total of 36 patients with PA and 36 controls were enrolled in the study. Five milliliters of venous blood will be obtained from both cases and controls to conduct the investigations. The serum levels of zinc, ferritin, magnesium, copper, Vitamin D3, hemoglobin, and serum albumin levels were detected. The data were analyzed statistically. In this study, we observed a low serum level of zinc associated with PA patients, when compared to healthy controls with P < 0.042. The serum levels of magnesium in cases were significantly low compared to controls with P < 0.002, which was statistically significant. Vitamin D and Hb levels were also significantly reduced in the PA patients. However, we did not find statistical significance between serum levels of copper, albumin, and ferritin in cases and controls with P = 0.408, P = 0.055, and P = 0.082, respectively. PA is a multifactorial etiological condition, in which micronutrient deficiency is an important cause and supplementation of micronutrients among these patients may be beneficial.
白癣（PA）是一种常见的儿童自限性皮肤病。有几种微量营养素的缺乏被认为是导致 PA 的原因。少数研究发现血清锌水平下降与 PA 有关，而其他研究则发现血清铜、镁、铁蛋白和维生素 D3 的缺乏与 PA 有关。 本研究旨在估算 PA 患者血清中的微量元素（锌、铜、镁和铁蛋白）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清白蛋白和维生素 D3 的水平，并与对照组进行比较。 该研究共招募了 36 名 PA 患者和 36 名对照组患者。研究人员将从病例和对照组中抽取 5 毫升静脉血进行检测。检测血清中的锌、铁蛋白、镁、铜、维生素 D3、血红蛋白和血清白蛋白水平。对数据进行了统计分析。 在这项研究中，我们观察到 PA 患者的血清锌水平与健康对照组相比偏低，P < 0.042。与对照组相比，病例的血清镁水平明显偏低，P < 0.002，具有统计学意义。PA 患者的维生素 D 和血红蛋白水平也明显降低。然而，我们没有发现病例和对照组血清中铜、白蛋白和铁蛋白水平之间有统计学意义，分别为 P = 0.408、P = 0.055 和 P = 0.082。 PA是一种多因素致病的疾病，其中微量元素缺乏是一个重要原因，对这些患者补充微量元素可能是有益的。
{"title":"Profile of Micronutrients in Patients Presenting with Pityriasis Alba in a Tertiary Care Center: A Case–control Study","authors":"Madegowda Basavapura Shashikumar, M. Harish, H. M. Naidu, MV Vinaykumar, K. Deepadarshan, H. Phani","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_62_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_62_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pityriasis alba (PA) is a common, self-limiting skin disease of childhood. Several micronutrient deficiencies have been attributed to causing PA. Few studies have found a decreased level of serum zinc to be associated with PA, whereas other studies have found a deficiency of serum copper, magnesium, ferritin, and Vitamin D3 to be associated with PA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of the study was to estimate the serum levels of micronutrients (zinc, copper, magnesium, and ferritin), hemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin, and Vitamin D3 in patients of PA and compare the same with that of controls.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 36 patients with PA and 36 controls were enrolled in the study. Five milliliters of venous blood will be obtained from both cases and controls to conduct the investigations. The serum levels of zinc, ferritin, magnesium, copper, Vitamin D3, hemoglobin, and serum albumin levels were detected. The data were analyzed statistically.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, we observed a low serum level of zinc associated with PA patients, when compared to healthy controls with P < 0.042. The serum levels of magnesium in cases were significantly low compared to controls with P < 0.002, which was statistically significant. Vitamin D and Hb levels were also significantly reduced in the PA patients. However, we did not find statistical significance between serum levels of copper, albumin, and ferritin in cases and controls with P = 0.408, P = 0.055, and P = 0.082, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PA is a multifactorial etiological condition, in which micronutrient deficiency is an important cause and supplementation of micronutrients among these patients may be beneficial.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STDs/STIs) are one of major public health concern, and syphilis in today’s era is not an uncommon diagnosis. The rising trend of syphilis cases can be attributed to changes in sexual practices such as individuals being engaged in oro-genital or anogenital sex, having multiple sexual partners, increase in men having sex with men, HIV co-infection, and drug abuse. Syphilis mimics many other diseases, and diagnosis can be delayed if the clinician is not aware of varied presentations. Often, unusual mucocutaneous manifestations have fascinated dermatologists, leading to diagnostic difficulties. In today’s era, cases of secondary and latent syphilis are being more commonly encountered than those of primary syphilis. Herein, we emphasize on varied mucocutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis among young individuals. We would like to highlight the need for the implementation of sex education among adolescents/young adults to prevent STDs/STIs.
{"title":"The Renaissance of Secondary Syphilis: A Case Series","authors":"Blessy George, Ravina Naik, R. Ghodge","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_111_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STDs/STIs) are one of major public health concern, and syphilis in today’s era is not an uncommon diagnosis. The rising trend of syphilis cases can be attributed to changes in sexual practices such as individuals being engaged in oro-genital or anogenital sex, having multiple sexual partners, increase in men having sex with men, HIV co-infection, and drug abuse. Syphilis mimics many other diseases, and diagnosis can be delayed if the clinician is not aware of varied presentations. Often, unusual mucocutaneous manifestations have fascinated dermatologists, leading to diagnostic difficulties. In today’s era, cases of secondary and latent syphilis are being more commonly encountered than those of primary syphilis. Herein, we emphasize on varied mucocutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis among young individuals. We would like to highlight the need for the implementation of sex education among adolescents/young adults to prevent STDs/STIs.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Supekar, V. Wankhade, Shraddha P. Kote, S. Gawali, A. Chopkar, Rajesh P Singh, Arpit Govinda Dhakate
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a unique viral infection causing multiorgan failure, can lead to diverse dermatological manifestations, unlike other viral exanthems. There is a scarcity of Indian literature describing these manifestations. To study the dermatological manifestations due to COVID-19 infection. It was a retrospective analysis (6 month) of patients with dermatological manifestations related to COVID-19 infection. Medical records were evaluated with respect to demography, detailed clinical presentations, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction/rapid antigen test positivity, and related investigations. It was done using proportion, mean, and percentages. A total of 76 cases were recruited. Out of the 76 COVID-19-related cases, there were 67 diagnosed and 9 suspected cases (later came positive). The overall female predominance (n = 69) was observed. The most common age affected was 31-40 years. The most common presentation during prodromal, acute, and postacute phases was urticaria. Other manifestations were chilblain-like, varicella-like, pityriasis rosea-like, erythema multiforme-like, petechial rash, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children and confirmed cases of mucormycosis seen with cutaneous manifestation. Our study highlights the need for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing in patients presenting with rash in otherwise asymptomatic individuals having contact with confirmed case and when associated with systemic symptoms. Dermatological manifestations may play an important role in identifying cases early and serve as an important proxy in managing further spread of this disease in the midst of the global pandemic. Urticaria with fever has diagnostic significance since this combination can be a symptom of an otherwise not confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
{"title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Skin: A Retrospective Analysis","authors":"B. Supekar, V. Wankhade, Shraddha P. Kote, S. Gawali, A. Chopkar, Rajesh P Singh, Arpit Govinda Dhakate","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_117_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_117_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a unique viral infection causing multiorgan failure, can lead to diverse dermatological manifestations, unlike other viral exanthems. There is a scarcity of Indian literature describing these manifestations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To study the dermatological manifestations due to COVID-19 infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It was a retrospective analysis (6 month) of patients with dermatological manifestations related to COVID-19 infection. Medical records were evaluated with respect to demography, detailed clinical presentations, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction/rapid antigen test positivity, and related investigations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It was done using proportion, mean, and percentages.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 76 cases were recruited. Out of the 76 COVID-19-related cases, there were 67 diagnosed and 9 suspected cases (later came positive). The overall female predominance (n = 69) was observed. The most common age affected was 31-40 years. The most common presentation during prodromal, acute, and postacute phases was urticaria. Other manifestations were chilblain-like, varicella-like, pityriasis rosea-like, erythema multiforme-like, petechial rash, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children and confirmed cases of mucormycosis seen with cutaneous manifestation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study highlights the need for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing in patients presenting with rash in otherwise asymptomatic individuals having contact with confirmed case and when associated with systemic symptoms. Dermatological manifestations may play an important role in identifying cases early and serve as an important proxy in managing further spread of this disease in the midst of the global pandemic. Urticaria with fever has diagnostic significance since this combination can be a symptom of an otherwise not confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Rare Case of Herpes Zoster and Liver Failure in an Elderly Woman","authors":"R. Malkani, Suman Uttam Karmakar, M. Setia","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_68_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_68_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141698525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dermatologic diagnosis depends on the careful observation and documentation of signs, which can be highly pathognomonic for a certain condition. Most of the signs appear either de novo or have to be elicited by the physician. It refers to important physical finding or observation made by the physician when examining the patient. In this article, we have included total 154 signs including clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological signs. We have divided them in 13 groups including signs seen in infectious conditions, vesiculobullous disorders, papulosquamous disorders, dermatitis, connective tissue diseases, and diseases of appendages for the ease of readers.
{"title":"Signs in Dermatology: Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Histopathological","authors":"Rutoo V. Polra, J. Tandel, Mauli M Shah, P. Nair","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_28_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_28_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dermatologic diagnosis depends on the careful observation and documentation of signs, which can be highly pathognomonic for a certain condition. Most of the signs appear either de novo or have to be elicited by the physician. It refers to important physical finding or observation made by the physician when examining the patient. In this article, we have included total 154 signs including clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological signs. We have divided them in 13 groups including signs seen in infectious conditions, vesiculobullous disorders, papulosquamous disorders, dermatitis, connective tissue diseases, and diseases of appendages for the ease of readers.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The geriatric population is expected to constitute 21.1% of total population in India by 2051. Geriatric population is associated with increased prevalence of various chronic diseases, physical disabilities, mental illness, and comorbidities. The trend is changing towards dermatoses of noninfective etiology owing to factors such as increased literacy rates and hygienic practices. Thus, our study is to focus on pattern of dermatoses of noninfective etiology in the most neglected yet important section of our population, that is, geriatric population. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of various noninfectious dermatoses among geriatric patients attending the skin outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary care center. Two hundred and seventy-seven geriatric patients visiting skin OPD at a tertiary care center presenting with various noninfectious dermatoses were included, and the prevalence of various noninfectious dermatoses in this section of population was studied. Eczemas were the most common group of noninfectious dermatoses (29.6%), followed by papulosquamous disorders (20.6%). Simultaneously associated systemic diseases and physiological changes were studied. Out of 277 patients, 156 (56.3%) had associated systemic illness. Eighty-seven (31.4%) patients were hypertensive, followed by diabetes mellitus (18.4%). The most common physiological change observed was wrinkling (47.6%), followed by seborrheic keratosis (46.2%). The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score between 2 and 5, i.e., small effect on a patient’s life, was significant in 100 (36.1%) patients, followed by moderate (DLQI 6–10 score), no effect (DLQI 0–1), very large (DLQI 11–20 score), and extremely large (DLQI 21–30) in 70 (25.3%), 57 (20.6%), 30 (10.8%), and 20 (7.2%) patients, respectively. In our study, eczemas were the most common group of noninfectious dermatoses in the elderly. So, simple measures such as diligent use of moisturizers, avoidance of harsh soaps and detergents along with adequate bathing time can decrease its prevalence.
{"title":"A Cross-sectional Observational Study of Noninfectious Dermatoses in Geriatric Population","authors":"P. Rajpoot, Sheetal Poojary, H. Pathave","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_130_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_130_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The geriatric population is expected to constitute 21.1% of total population in India by 2051. Geriatric population is associated with increased prevalence of various chronic diseases, physical disabilities, mental illness, and comorbidities. The trend is changing towards dermatoses of noninfective etiology owing to factors such as increased literacy rates and hygienic practices. Thus, our study is to focus on pattern of dermatoses of noninfective etiology in the most neglected yet important section of our population, that is, geriatric population.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of various noninfectious dermatoses among geriatric patients attending the skin outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary care center.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two hundred and seventy-seven geriatric patients visiting skin OPD at a tertiary care center presenting with various noninfectious dermatoses were included, and the prevalence of various noninfectious dermatoses in this section of population was studied.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eczemas were the most common group of noninfectious dermatoses (29.6%), followed by papulosquamous disorders (20.6%). Simultaneously associated systemic diseases and physiological changes were studied. Out of 277 patients, 156 (56.3%) had associated systemic illness. Eighty-seven (31.4%) patients were hypertensive, followed by diabetes mellitus (18.4%). The most common physiological change observed was wrinkling (47.6%), followed by seborrheic keratosis (46.2%). The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score between 2 and 5, i.e., small effect on a patient’s life, was significant in 100 (36.1%) patients, followed by moderate (DLQI 6–10 score), no effect (DLQI 0–1), very large (DLQI 11–20 score), and extremely large (DLQI 21–30) in 70 (25.3%), 57 (20.6%), 30 (10.8%), and 20 (7.2%) patients, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our study, eczemas were the most common group of noninfectious dermatoses in the elderly. So, simple measures such as diligent use of moisturizers, avoidance of harsh soaps and detergents along with adequate bathing time can decrease its prevalence.\u0000","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) develops due to the impairment of fibers responsible for mediating temperature, pain, and autonomic functions. SFN complicates a number of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus, and COVID-19, and is likely to be increasingly encountered. The associated pain contributes significantly to the morbidity of these diseases. Progression is slow, and most people affected by SFN do not develop large-fiber involvement over time. However, mixed polyneuropathies often start as SFN, and SFN often coexists with large fiber–predominant neuropathy. Symptoms of SFN, including painful paresthesia and dizziness, and sedative side effects of pain medications can negatively affect the quality of life. Standardized diagnostic criteria for SFN are not fully established, and skin biopsy remains the diagnostic test considered most reliable. Autonomic testing is useful when autonomic symptoms are present along with screening for associated conditions. Treatment should be individualized to control underlying causes and alleviate pain. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are important for controlling SFN symptoms and optimizing daily functions. Here, we review the common but increasingly ignored condition, SFN, and discuss its diagnosis and management.
{"title":"Small-Fiber Neuropathy","authors":"P. Sangolli, Neethu Mary George","doi":"10.4103/cdr.cdr_132_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cdr.cdr_132_22","url":null,"abstract":"Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) develops due to the impairment of fibers responsible for mediating temperature, pain, and autonomic functions. SFN complicates a number of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus, and COVID-19, and is likely to be increasingly encountered. The associated pain contributes significantly to the morbidity of these diseases. Progression is slow, and most people affected by SFN do not develop large-fiber involvement over time. However, mixed polyneuropathies often start as SFN, and SFN often coexists with large fiber–predominant neuropathy. Symptoms of SFN, including painful paresthesia and dizziness, and sedative side effects of pain medications can negatively affect the quality of life. Standardized diagnostic criteria for SFN are not fully established, and skin biopsy remains the diagnostic test considered most reliable. Autonomic testing is useful when autonomic symptoms are present along with screening for associated conditions. Treatment should be individualized to control underlying causes and alleviate pain. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are important for controlling SFN symptoms and optimizing daily functions. Here, we review the common but increasingly ignored condition, SFN, and discuss its diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":34880,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Dermatology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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