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A Baby with Café-au-lait Macules and Aberrant Mongolian Spot: Report of Phakomatosis Pigmentopigmentaria 一名患有咖啡色斑块和异常蒙古斑的婴儿:法克马病色素沉着症报告
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_91_23
Vishalakshi S. Pandit, Y. R. Rakesh
Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a term used to describe the association of vascular nevi with different pigmentary nevi. There are a very few case reports describing the association of two pigmented nevi or pigmented anomalies of nevoid character. The pathogenetic mechanism of such association is hypothesized to be twin spotting. Wolf at al has coined the term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria for describing the association different pigmenatry nevi or nevoid disorders. We report a rare case of baby born with co-localized segmental CALMs with aberrant Mongolian spots on the trunk. Our case can be considered as an example of this term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria.
色素性血管痣(PPV)是一个术语,用于描述血管痣与不同色素痣之间的关联。有极少数病例报告描述了两个色素痣或色素异常痣的结合。这种关联的致病机制被假定为孪生斑点。Wolf 等人创造了 "色素沉着病"(phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria)一词来描述不同色素痣或类痣性疾病的关联。我们报告了一例罕见的先天性节段性 CALMs 合并躯干异常蒙古斑的病例。我们的病例可视为色素沉着病(phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria)的一个实例。
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引用次数: 0
Orofacial Granulomatosis Secondary to Cutaneous Tuberculosis: An Atypical Presentation 继发于皮肤结核的口面部肉芽肿病:非典型表现
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_71_23
K. Maheshwari, Pihu Sethi, Paridhi, S. Kalhan, Bhuvan Adhlakha
Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) makes up a small proportion of extrapulmonary TB. Studies from India report an incidence of 0.1% of all cases of extrapulmonary TB. Lupus vulgaris (LV) is a common form of TB which is usually seen in individuals who have been previously sensitized with Mycobacterium TB. Here, we are reporting a case of orofacial granulomatosis in a 21-year-old female which highlights the importance of histopathology in aiding diagnosis in such patients where multiple etiologies may be responsible for a particular clinical presentation, along with the atypical presentation of LV.
皮肤结核(TB)只占肺外结核病的一小部分。印度的研究报告显示,皮肤结核病的发病率为肺外结核病的 0.1%。寻常狼疮(LV)是结核病的一种常见形式,通常见于曾对结核分枝杆菌过敏的人。在此,我们报告了一例 21 岁女性口面部肉芽肿病病例,该病例强调了组织病理学在帮助诊断此类患者方面的重要性,因为多种病因可能是导致特定临床表现的原因,而狼疮的非典型表现也是如此。
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引用次数: 0
Profile of Micronutrients in Patients Presenting with Pityriasis Alba in a Tertiary Care Center: A Case–control Study 一家三级医疗中心的白癣患者微量营养素概况:病例对照研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_62_23
Madegowda Basavapura Shashikumar, M. Harish, H. M. Naidu, MV Vinaykumar, K. Deepadarshan, H. Phani
Pityriasis alba (PA) is a common, self-limiting skin disease of childhood. Several micronutrient deficiencies have been attributed to causing PA. Few studies have found a decreased level of serum zinc to be associated with PA, whereas other studies have found a deficiency of serum copper, magnesium, ferritin, and Vitamin D3 to be associated with PA. The objective of the study was to estimate the serum levels of micronutrients (zinc, copper, magnesium, and ferritin), hemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin, and Vitamin D3 in patients of PA and compare the same with that of controls. A total of 36 patients with PA and 36 controls were enrolled in the study. Five milliliters of venous blood will be obtained from both cases and controls to conduct the investigations. The serum levels of zinc, ferritin, magnesium, copper, Vitamin D3, hemoglobin, and serum albumin levels were detected. The data were analyzed statistically. In this study, we observed a low serum level of zinc associated with PA patients, when compared to healthy controls with P < 0.042. The serum levels of magnesium in cases were significantly low compared to controls with P < 0.002, which was statistically significant. Vitamin D and Hb levels were also significantly reduced in the PA patients. However, we did not find statistical significance between serum levels of copper, albumin, and ferritin in cases and controls with P = 0.408, P = 0.055, and P = 0.082, respectively. PA is a multifactorial etiological condition, in which micronutrient deficiency is an important cause and supplementation of micronutrients among these patients may be beneficial.
白癣(PA)是一种常见的儿童自限性皮肤病。有几种微量营养素的缺乏被认为是导致 PA 的原因。少数研究发现血清锌水平下降与 PA 有关,而其他研究则发现血清铜、镁、铁蛋白和维生素 D3 的缺乏与 PA 有关。 本研究旨在估算 PA 患者血清中的微量元素(锌、铜、镁和铁蛋白)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白和维生素 D3 的水平,并与对照组进行比较。 该研究共招募了 36 名 PA 患者和 36 名对照组患者。研究人员将从病例和对照组中抽取 5 毫升静脉血进行检测。检测血清中的锌、铁蛋白、镁、铜、维生素 D3、血红蛋白和血清白蛋白水平。对数据进行了统计分析。 在这项研究中,我们观察到 PA 患者的血清锌水平与健康对照组相比偏低,P < 0.042。与对照组相比,病例的血清镁水平明显偏低,P < 0.002,具有统计学意义。PA 患者的维生素 D 和血红蛋白水平也明显降低。然而,我们没有发现病例和对照组血清中铜、白蛋白和铁蛋白水平之间有统计学意义,分别为 P = 0.408、P = 0.055 和 P = 0.082。 PA是一种多因素致病的疾病,其中微量元素缺乏是一个重要原因,对这些患者补充微量元素可能是有益的。
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引用次数: 0
The Renaissance of Secondary Syphilis: A Case Series 继发性梅毒的复兴:病例系列
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_111_23
Blessy George, Ravina Naik, R. Ghodge
Sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STDs/STIs) are one of major public health concern, and syphilis in today’s era is not an uncommon diagnosis. The rising trend of syphilis cases can be attributed to changes in sexual practices such as individuals being engaged in oro-genital or anogenital sex, having multiple sexual partners, increase in men having sex with men, HIV co-infection, and drug abuse. Syphilis mimics many other diseases, and diagnosis can be delayed if the clinician is not aware of varied presentations. Often, unusual mucocutaneous manifestations have fascinated dermatologists, leading to diagnostic difficulties. In today’s era, cases of secondary and latent syphilis are being more commonly encountered than those of primary syphilis. Herein, we emphasize on varied mucocutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis among young individuals. We would like to highlight the need for the implementation of sex education among adolescents/young adults to prevent STDs/STIs.
性传播疾病/感染(性病/性传播感染)是主要的公共卫生问题之一,在当今时代,梅毒并不是一种罕见的诊断。梅毒病例呈上升趋势的原因可能是性行为方式的改变,如进行口交或肛交、有多个性伴侣、男男性行为增多、艾滋病病毒合并感染以及药物滥用。梅毒会模仿许多其他疾病,如果临床医生不了解梅毒的各种表现,就会延误诊断。不寻常的粘膜表现常常让皮肤科医生着迷,导致诊断困难。在当今时代,继发性梅毒和潜伏梅毒比原发性梅毒更常见。在此,我们重点讨论年轻人继发性梅毒的各种皮肤黏膜表现。我们希望强调在青少年中开展性教育以预防性传播疾病/性传播感染的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Skin: A Retrospective Analysis 2019年冠状病毒疾病与皮肤:回顾性分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_117_22
B. Supekar, V. Wankhade, Shraddha P. Kote, S. Gawali, A. Chopkar, Rajesh P Singh, Arpit Govinda Dhakate
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a unique viral infection causing multiorgan failure, can lead to diverse dermatological manifestations, unlike other viral exanthems. There is a scarcity of Indian literature describing these manifestations. To study the dermatological manifestations due to COVID-19 infection. It was a retrospective analysis (6 month) of patients with dermatological manifestations related to COVID-19 infection. Medical records were evaluated with respect to demography, detailed clinical presentations, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction/rapid antigen test positivity, and related investigations. It was done using proportion, mean, and percentages. A total of 76 cases were recruited. Out of the 76 COVID-19-related cases, there were 67 diagnosed and 9 suspected cases (later came positive). The overall female predominance (n = 69) was observed. The most common age affected was 31-40 years. The most common presentation during prodromal, acute, and postacute phases was urticaria. Other manifestations were chilblain-like, varicella-like, pityriasis rosea-like, erythema multiforme-like, petechial rash, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children and confirmed cases of mucormycosis seen with cutaneous manifestation. Our study highlights the need for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing in patients presenting with rash in otherwise asymptomatic individuals having contact with confirmed case and when associated with systemic symptoms. Dermatological manifestations may play an important role in identifying cases early and serve as an important proxy in managing further spread of this disease in the midst of the global pandemic. Urticaria with fever has diagnostic significance since this combination can be a symptom of an otherwise not confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)是一种导致多器官衰竭的独特病毒感染,与其他病毒性外感不同,它可导致多种皮肤病表现。印度描述这些表现的文献很少。 研究 COVID-19 感染引起的皮肤病表现。 这是对与COVID-19感染有关的皮肤病患者的回顾性分析(6个月)。对病历中的人口统计学、详细临床表现、实时反转录聚合酶链反应/快速抗原检测阳性率以及相关检查进行了评估。 评估采用比例、平均值和百分比法。 共招募了 76 个病例。在 76 例 COVID-19 相关病例中,确诊病例 67 例,疑似病例 9 例(后呈阳性)。总体上女性居多(n = 69)。最常见的患病年龄为 31-40 岁。在前驱期、急性期和急性期后最常见的表现是荨麻疹。其他表现还包括软骨病样、水痘样、玫瑰糠疹样、多形性红斑样、瘀斑样皮疹、儿童多系统炎症综合征以及确诊的皮肤表现粘液瘤病病例。 我们的研究强调,在接触过确诊病例的无症状患者出现皮疹并伴有全身症状时,有必要对患者进行严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)检测。在全球大流行的情况下,皮肤病表现在早期发现病例方面可发挥重要作用,并可作为控制该疾病进一步传播的重要替代手段。荨麻疹伴发热具有诊断意义,因为这种症状可能是感染了 SARS-CoV-2 但尚未确诊的症状。
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引用次数: 0
Psoriasis and Keloids: An Interplay of Dermatological Conditions 牛皮癣和瘢痕疙瘩:皮肤病的相互作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_67_23
S. Sehgal, Lavina Meghwal, Srishti Agrawal, Anand Lamoriya
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引用次数: 0
A Rare Case of Herpes Zoster and Liver Failure in an Elderly Woman 老年妇女带状疱疹合并肝衰竭的罕见病例
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_68_22
R. Malkani, Suman Uttam Karmakar, M. Setia
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引用次数: 0
Signs in Dermatology: Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Histopathological 皮肤病学中的体征:临床、皮肤镜和组织病理学
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_28_23
Rutoo V. Polra, J. Tandel, Mauli M Shah, P. Nair
Dermatologic diagnosis depends on the careful observation and documentation of signs, which can be highly pathognomonic for a certain condition. Most of the signs appear either de novo or have to be elicited by the physician. It refers to important physical finding or observation made by the physician when examining the patient. In this article, we have included total 154 signs including clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological signs. We have divided them in 13 groups including signs seen in infectious conditions, vesiculobullous disorders, papulosquamous disorders, dermatitis, connective tissue diseases, and diseases of appendages for the ease of readers.
皮肤病学的诊断取决于对体征的仔细观察和记录,这些体征可能是某种疾病的高度征兆。大多数体征要么是新出现的,要么必须由医生诱发。它指的是医生在检查病人时发现或观察到的重要体征。本文共收录了 154 种体征,包括临床、皮肤镜和组织病理学体征。为了方便读者阅读,我们将这些体征分为 13 组,包括感染性疾病、疱疹性疾病、丘疹鳞屑性疾病、皮炎、结缔组织疾病和附属器官疾病中出现的体征。
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引用次数: 0
A Cross-sectional Observational Study of Noninfectious Dermatoses in Geriatric Population 老年非感染性皮肤病横断面观察研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_130_22
P. Rajpoot, Sheetal Poojary, H. Pathave
The geriatric population is expected to constitute 21.1% of total population in India by 2051. Geriatric population is associated with increased prevalence of various chronic diseases, physical disabilities, mental illness, and comorbidities. The trend is changing towards dermatoses of noninfective etiology owing to factors such as increased literacy rates and hygienic practices. Thus, our study is to focus on pattern of dermatoses of noninfective etiology in the most neglected yet important section of our population, that is, geriatric population. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of various noninfectious dermatoses among geriatric patients attending the skin outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary care center. Two hundred and seventy-seven geriatric patients visiting skin OPD at a tertiary care center presenting with various noninfectious dermatoses were included, and the prevalence of various noninfectious dermatoses in this section of population was studied. Eczemas were the most common group of noninfectious dermatoses (29.6%), followed by papulosquamous disorders (20.6%). Simultaneously associated systemic diseases and physiological changes were studied. Out of 277 patients, 156 (56.3%) had associated systemic illness. Eighty-seven (31.4%) patients were hypertensive, followed by diabetes mellitus (18.4%). The most common physiological change observed was wrinkling (47.6%), followed by seborrheic keratosis (46.2%). The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score between 2 and 5, i.e., small effect on a patient’s life, was significant in 100 (36.1%) patients, followed by moderate (DLQI 6–10 score), no effect (DLQI 0–1), very large (DLQI 11–20 score), and extremely large (DLQI 21–30) in 70 (25.3%), 57 (20.6%), 30 (10.8%), and 20 (7.2%) patients, respectively. In our study, eczemas were the most common group of noninfectious dermatoses in the elderly. So, simple measures such as diligent use of moisturizers, avoidance of harsh soaps and detergents along with adequate bathing time can decrease its prevalence.
预计到 2051 年,老年人口将占印度总人口的 21.1%。老年人口与各种慢性疾病、身体残疾、精神疾病和合并症的发病率增加有关。由于识字率和卫生习惯提高等因素,非感染性皮肤病的发病趋势正在发生变化。因此,我们的研究将重点放在最容易被忽视但又最重要的人群,即老年人群中的非感染性皮肤病。 本研究的目的是测量在一家三级医疗中心皮肤门诊部(OPD)就诊的老年患者中各种非感染性皮肤病的发病率。 研究纳入了 277 名到一家三级医疗中心皮肤门诊部就诊的老年患者,这些患者患有各种非感染性皮肤病,研究了这部分人群中各种非感染性皮肤病的发病率。 湿疹是最常见的一类非感染性皮肤病(29.6%),其次是丘疹鳞屑性疾病(20.6%)。同时还研究了相关的全身性疾病和生理变化。在 277 名患者中,156 人(56.3%)伴有全身性疾病。87名患者(31.4%)患有高血压,其次是糖尿病(18.4%)。最常见的生理变化是皱纹(47.6%),其次是脂溢性角化(46.2%)。皮肤科生活质量指数(DLQI)得分在 2 到 5 分之间,即对患者生活影响较小,有 100 名(36.1%)患者有显著影响,其次是中度(DLQI 6-10 分)、无影响(DLQI 0-1)、非常大(DLQI 11-20 分)和极大(DLQI 21-30),分别有 70 名(25.3%)、57 名(20.6%)、30 名(10.8%)和 20 名(7.2%)患者有显著影响。 在我们的研究中,湿疹是老年人最常见的一类非感染性皮肤病。因此,采取一些简单的措施,如勤于使用保湿霜、避免使用刺激性肥皂和清洁剂以及有足够的洗澡时间,可以降低湿疹的发病率。
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引用次数: 0
Small-Fiber Neuropathy 小纤维神经病
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/cdr.cdr_132_22
P. Sangolli, Neethu Mary George
Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) develops due to the impairment of fibers responsible for mediating temperature, pain, and autonomic functions. SFN complicates a number of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus, and COVID-19, and is likely to be increasingly encountered. The associated pain contributes significantly to the morbidity of these diseases. Progression is slow, and most people affected by SFN do not develop large-fiber involvement over time. However, mixed polyneuropathies often start as SFN, and SFN often coexists with large fiber–predominant neuropathy. Symptoms of SFN, including painful paresthesia and dizziness, and sedative side effects of pain medications can negatively affect the quality of life. Standardized diagnostic criteria for SFN are not fully established, and skin biopsy remains the diagnostic test considered most reliable. Autonomic testing is useful when autonomic symptoms are present along with screening for associated conditions. Treatment should be individualized to control underlying causes and alleviate pain. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are important for controlling SFN symptoms and optimizing daily functions. Here, we review the common but increasingly ignored condition, SFN, and discuss its diagnosis and management.
小纤维神经病(SFN)是由于负责介导温度、疼痛和自主神经功能的纤维受损而引起的。小纤维神经病是糖尿病、人类免疫缺陷病毒和 COVID-19 等多种常见疾病的并发症,而且发病率可能会越来越高。相关的疼痛大大增加了这些疾病的发病率。该病进展缓慢,大多数 SFN 患者随着时间的推移不会出现大纤维受累。然而,混合型多发性神经病通常以 SFN 开始,而且 SFN 通常与大纤维为主的神经病同时存在。SFN 的症状包括疼痛性麻痹和头晕,止痛药的镇静副作用会对生活质量产生负面影响。SFN 的标准化诊断标准尚未完全确立,皮肤活检仍是被认为最可靠的诊断测试。当出现自律神经症状时,进行自律神经测试和相关疾病筛查非常有用。治疗应个体化,以控制潜在病因并减轻疼痛。早期诊断和个体化治疗对于控制 SFN 症状和优化日常功能非常重要。在此,我们将回顾常见但日益被忽视的 SFN 病症,并讨论其诊断和治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Clinical Dermatology Review
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