Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000243
S. Murty, Sushant K. Manwatkar, P. Narayanan
{"title":"Transmission Electron Micrographs of Aluminum Alloys","authors":"S. Murty, Sushant K. Manwatkar, P. Narayanan","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129033336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000157
D. Mery
Castings produced for the automotive industry are considered the important components for overall roadworthiness. To ensure the safety of construction, it is necessary to check every part thoroughly using nondestructive testing. X-ray testing rapidly became the accepted way for controlling the quality of die cast pieces. In this article, the fundamental principles of the automated detection of casting discontinuities are explained. A general computer vision inspection schema is presented, and several methods that have appeared in the literature in the past 30 years were explained showing the development of this sector in the areas of industry and academia.
{"title":"Computer Vision for Fault Detection in Aluminum Castings","authors":"D. Mery","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000157","url":null,"abstract":"Castings produced for the automotive industry are considered the important components for overall roadworthiness. To ensure the safety of construction, it is necessary to check every part thoroughly using nondestructive testing. X-ray testing rapidly became the accepted way for controlling the quality of die cast pieces. In this article, the fundamental principles of the automated detection of casting discontinuities are explained. A general computer vision inspection schema is presented, and several methods that have appeared in the literature in the past 30 years were explained showing the development of this sector in the areas of industry and academia.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"293 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114386890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000326
S. Bakhtiyarov, R. Overfelt
A rotational, contactless inductive measurement technique has been used to determine the effect of pores and metallic insertions on the electrical resistivity of A2011 aluminum alloy at different temperatures. It is shown that the electrical resistivity increases with the total volume of pores and is also dependent on the pores locations and orientation. Additional energy losses were found on the contact surfaces between sample and insertions.
{"title":"Molten Aluminum: Inductive Technique for Electrical Conductivity Measurements","authors":"S. Bakhtiyarov, R. Overfelt","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000326","url":null,"abstract":"A rotational, contactless inductive measurement technique has been used to determine the effect of pores and metallic insertions on the electrical resistivity of A2011 aluminum alloy at different temperatures. It is shown that the electrical resistivity increases with the total volume of pores and is also dependent on the pores locations and orientation. Additional energy losses were found on the contact surfaces between sample and insertions.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129372470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000217
J. L. Á. Ambriz, Erasmo Correa Gomez, J. C. V. Juárez, Gonzalo M. Domínguez Almaraz, Aymeric E. Dominguez
This article deals with torsion fatigue tests carried out on the aluminum alloys: AISI 6061-T6 and 6063-T5, under two load ratios: R = −1 and R = 0, both of them at 10 Hz of frequency. The tests were obtained at room temperature (23°C) and with environmental humidity comprised between 35% and 45%. Results reveal a noticeable fatigue endurance reduction on tests with R = 0 against tests at R = −1 for both aluminum alloys. The load ratio was fixed by imposing the initial angle before the testing starting. A new torsion fatigue machine has been developed by two of the authors (under patent consideration before the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property), which has the versatility of torsion tests at different frequencies and load ratios; a general description of this machine is presented in the article. The torsion fatigue life and the fracture surfaces were analyzed for the two aluminum alloys and both torsion fatigue load ratios, leading to drawing up the conclusions related to this research article.
{"title":"Fatigue Endurance under Torsion Testing: 6061-T6 and 6063-T5 Aluminum Alloys","authors":"J. L. Á. Ambriz, Erasmo Correa Gomez, J. C. V. Juárez, Gonzalo M. Domínguez Almaraz, Aymeric E. Dominguez","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000217","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with torsion fatigue tests carried out on the aluminum alloys: AISI 6061-T6 and 6063-T5, under two load ratios: R = −1 and R = 0, both of them at 10 Hz of frequency. The tests were obtained at room temperature (23°C) and with environmental humidity comprised between 35% and 45%. Results reveal a noticeable fatigue endurance reduction on tests with R = 0 against tests at R = −1 for both aluminum alloys. The load ratio was fixed by imposing the initial angle before the testing starting. A new torsion fatigue machine has been developed by two of the authors (under patent consideration before the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property), which has the versatility of torsion tests at different frequencies and load ratios; a general description of this machine is presented in the article. The torsion fatigue life and the fracture surfaces were analyzed for the two aluminum alloys and both torsion fatigue load ratios, leading to drawing up the conclusions related to this research article.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134322036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000445
C. Garcia-cordovilla, E. Louis
Microstructural characterization of aluminum alloys is typically performed by combining microscopy techniques with measurement of physical properties such as conductivity and hardness. Relatively recently calorimetric techniques have been used to complement the more traditional methodologies. This article will discuss: basic principles, instrumentation and experimental procedures, reaction kinetics, and general rules for interpreting DTA and DSC data. Heat treatable, non-heat treatable alloy and aluminum-based composite characterization are discussed.
{"title":"Thermal Analysis of Aluminum Alloys","authors":"C. Garcia-cordovilla, E. Louis","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000445","url":null,"abstract":"Microstructural characterization of aluminum alloys is typically performed by combining microscopy techniques with measurement of physical properties such as conductivity and hardness. Relatively recently calorimetric techniques have been used to complement the more traditional methodologies. This article will discuss: basic principles, instrumentation and experimental procedures, reaction kinetics, and general rules for interpreting DTA and DSC data. Heat treatable, non-heat treatable alloy and aluminum-based composite characterization are discussed.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"49 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129820409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000408
V. I. Lukin
Scandium in aluminum alloys behaves as the most efficient modifier of the structure of the material and as an agent suppressing recrystallization. This unique behavior of scandium in alloys of the Al-Mg system greatly increases the strength characteristics, whilst retaining on a higher level the ductility and processing properties of deformed semi-finished products. This article describes the effect of complex alloying the Al-6.3% Mg alloy with scandium, manganese and zirconium on the weldability and strength properties of the material is of considerable scientific and practical importance.Investigations.
{"title":"Weldability: Effect of Alloying Element Sc, Mn, and Zr on Alloys of the Al-Mg-Sc-Mn-Zr System","authors":"V. I. Lukin","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000408","url":null,"abstract":"Scandium in aluminum alloys behaves as the most efficient modifier of the structure of the material and as an agent suppressing recrystallization. This unique behavior of scandium in alloys of the Al-Mg system greatly increases the strength characteristics, whilst retaining on a higher level the ductility and processing properties of deformed semi-finished products. This article describes the effect of complex alloying the Al-6.3% Mg alloy with scandium, manganese and zirconium on the weldability and strength properties of the material is of considerable scientific and practical importance.Investigations.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134629858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000417
Murat Tiryakio, J. Campbell
Guidelines for designing research on cast aluminium alloys have been developed to increase the reproducibility of results and make their interpretation more objective. These guidelines, based on the scientific method and recent research findings, are proposed for research on aluminium castings, but they can be easily adapted for other casting alloys.
{"title":"Metal Casting Research: Application to Aluminum Alloy Casting","authors":"Murat Tiryakio, J. Campbell","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000417","url":null,"abstract":"Guidelines for designing research on cast aluminium alloys have been developed to increase the reproducibility of results and make their interpretation more objective. These guidelines, based on the scientific method and recent research findings, are proposed for research on aluminium castings, but they can be easily adapted for other casting alloys.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132013861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000301
M. Tiryakioğlu, P. Yousefian
This article presents a discussion of hot tear formation by first re-interpreting tensile test experimental results for aluminum castings in the literature. Based on the previous findings that a pore should first nucleate to result in a hot tear, the physics of pore formation is reviewed through theoretical fracture pressure calculations. Theoretical fracture pressure of liquid aluminum was calculated to be approximately −3.5 GPa, which is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the tensile strength data reported in the literature. Further calculations showed that it was impossible for a pore to nucleate either homogeneously or heterogeneously in liquid aluminum. The formation of pores and hot tears in aluminum castings can only be explained by inflation of entrained surface oxide films (bifilms) under reduced pressure and/or with dissolved gas, which involves only growth, avoiding any nucleation problem. This mechanism is consistent with tensile test results in the literature as well as physics principles.
{"title":"Hot Tear Nucleation During Solidification of Aluminum and Its Alloys","authors":"M. Tiryakioğlu, P. Yousefian","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000301","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a discussion of hot tear formation by first re-interpreting tensile test experimental results for aluminum castings in the literature. Based on the previous findings that a pore should first nucleate to result in a hot tear, the physics of pore formation is reviewed through theoretical fracture pressure calculations. Theoretical fracture pressure of liquid aluminum was calculated to be approximately −3.5 GPa, which is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the tensile strength data reported in the literature. Further calculations showed that it was impossible for a pore to nucleate either homogeneously or heterogeneously in liquid aluminum. The formation of pores and hot tears in aluminum castings can only be explained by inflation of entrained surface oxide films (bifilms) under reduced pressure and/or with dissolved gas, which involves only growth, avoiding any nucleation problem. This mechanism is consistent with tensile test results in the literature as well as physics principles.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121103903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000227
G. Haidemenopoulos, P. I. Sarafoglou
Extrudable Al-alloys of the 6xxx series are subjected to a homogenization treatment prior to extrusion in order to remove inhomogeneities generated during casting. Microsegregation of elements and phases is developed as a result of the solidification process. During homogenization, several phenomena take place such as the dissolution of various phases, the transformation of iron intermetallics, spheroidization of the remaining intermetallics, and reprecipitation during cooling. All these phenomena affect the extrudability of the material. An integrated simulation of microsegregation and homogenization is described. Microsegregation is simulated with the application of the Scheil-Gulliver model, employing computational thermodynamics. A Dual Grain Model has been developed for the simulation of homogenization, taking into account the variability of the grain size in the as-cast material. In this way, it is possible to simulate the dissolution of Mg2Si and the transformation of iron intermetallics concurrently. The results of the simulations provide a deeper understanding of the effects of processing on alloy microstructure and can be used toward the design of the homogenization process of extrudable Al-alloys.
{"title":"Extrudable Al-Si-Mg Alloys: Simulation of Microsegregation and Homogenization","authors":"G. Haidemenopoulos, P. I. Sarafoglou","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000227","url":null,"abstract":"Extrudable Al-alloys of the 6xxx series are subjected to a homogenization treatment prior to extrusion in order to remove inhomogeneities generated during casting. Microsegregation of elements and phases is developed as a result of the solidification process. During homogenization, several phenomena take place such as the dissolution of various phases, the transformation of iron intermetallics, spheroidization of the remaining intermetallics, and reprecipitation during cooling. All these phenomena affect the extrudability of the material. An integrated simulation of microsegregation and homogenization is described. Microsegregation is simulated with the application of the Scheil-Gulliver model, employing computational thermodynamics. A Dual Grain Model has been developed for the simulation of homogenization, taking into account the variability of the grain size in the as-cast material. In this way, it is possible to simulate the dissolution of Mg2Si and the transformation of iron intermetallics concurrently. The results of the simulations provide a deeper understanding of the effects of processing on alloy microstructure and can be used toward the design of the homogenization process of extrudable Al-alloys.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126046403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000392
G. Frommeyer, S. Knippscheer
Aluminum-rich intermetallic compounds of the Al3X-type with transmission metals (X = Ti. Zr, Nb, V) of Groups IVb and Vb are of interest in the development of novel high-temperature and lightweight structural materials. This article describes the important physical and mechanical properties of trialuminides with DO22 structure and their L12 variations. Topical coverage includes: crystal structure and selected physical properties, plastic deformation, oxidation behavior, and applications.
{"title":"Intermetallics of Aluminum","authors":"G. Frommeyer, S. Knippscheer","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000392","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum-rich intermetallic compounds of the Al3X-type with transmission metals (X = Ti. Zr, Nb, V) of Groups IVb and Vb are of interest in the development of novel high-temperature and lightweight structural materials. This article describes the important physical and mechanical properties of trialuminides with DO22 structure and their L12 variations. Topical coverage includes: crystal structure and selected physical properties, plastic deformation, oxidation behavior, and applications.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115248353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：