Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000435
J. Campbell, M. Tiryakioğlu
The benefits of Sr additions to Al–Si alloys to modify the eutectic are often impaired by the development of porosity, sometimes to the degree that benefits are negated. Experimental reports are reviewed in this paper, suggesting an explanation in terms of the oxide population in the melt. The unmodified silicon particles are nucleated by AlP, which has in turn nucleated on oxide bifilms. The oxide bifilms, which are essentially cracks, are straightened by the crystalline growth of Si particles, leading to increased crack size and consequently reduced mechanical properties. The addition of Sr improves properties by suppressing the formation of Si on bifilms and thereby preventing the straightening of the pre-existing cracks. Si is now forced to precipitate at a lower temperature as a coral-like eutectic. Unfortunately, the bifilms are now freed (the primary Si particles no longer exist to grow around and sequester the bifilms), remaining in suspension in the liquid metal, allowing them to act to block interdendritic flow and aid the initiation of the formation of pores, countering the benefits of the improved structure.
{"title":"Porosity Development and Modification in Al-Si Alloys: Effect of P and Sr","authors":"J. Campbell, M. Tiryakioğlu","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000435","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of Sr additions to Al–Si alloys to modify the eutectic are often impaired by the development of porosity, sometimes to the degree that benefits are negated. Experimental reports are reviewed in this paper, suggesting an explanation in terms of the oxide population in the melt. The unmodified silicon particles are nucleated by AlP, which has in turn nucleated on oxide bifilms. The oxide bifilms, which are essentially cracks, are straightened by the crystalline growth of Si particles, leading to increased crack size and consequently reduced mechanical properties. The addition of Sr improves properties by suppressing the formation of Si on bifilms and thereby preventing the straightening of the pre-existing cracks. Si is now forced to precipitate at a lower temperature as a coral-like eutectic. Unfortunately, the bifilms are now freed (the primary Si particles no longer exist to grow around and sequester the bifilms), remaining in suspension in the liquid metal, allowing them to act to block interdendritic flow and aid the initiation of the formation of pores, countering the benefits of the improved structure.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123857861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000404
Nack J. Kim
This article provides an overview of designing with aluminum alloys. Specific topics included in this review include: alloy designations, heat treatment of aluminum alloys, strengthening mechanisms, properties of aluminum alloys, Al-Li alloys, powder metallurgy of aluminum alloys, cast aluminum alloys, and temper designations. In addition, many reference tables are provided.
{"title":"Designing with Aluminum Alloys","authors":"Nack J. Kim","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000404","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of designing with aluminum alloys. Specific topics included in this review include: alloy designations, heat treatment of aluminum alloys, strengthening mechanisms, properties of aluminum alloys, Al-Li alloys, powder metallurgy of aluminum alloys, cast aluminum alloys, and temper designations. In addition, many reference tables are provided.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115072033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000347
M. Tiryakioğlu, N. Netto
Microstructural and mechanical data from the literature of friction stir processed (FSPed) cast aluminum alloys were reanalyzed. Results indicated that friction stir processing (FSP) produced more homogeneous microstructures, with finer eutectic Si particles, grains, and intermetallics. However, a relationship between microstructural measures and process parameters could not be established. Regardless of the resultant microstructure, structural casting defects, i.e., pores and oxide films, were reduced in size or completely eliminated after FSP. Consequently, ductility and fatigue life were drastically improved by FSP. Quality index analysis showed that some FSPed specimens have a higher structural quality than aerospace and premium quality castings, and can be used to determine the intrinsic properties of cast aluminum alloys.
{"title":"Friction Stir Processing: Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Cast Aluminum Alloys","authors":"M. Tiryakioğlu, N. Netto","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000347","url":null,"abstract":"Microstructural and mechanical data from the literature of friction stir processed (FSPed) cast aluminum alloys were reanalyzed. Results indicated that friction stir processing (FSP) produced more homogeneous microstructures, with finer eutectic Si particles, grains, and intermetallics. However, a relationship between microstructural measures and process parameters could not be established. Regardless of the resultant microstructure, structural casting defects, i.e., pores and oxide films, were reduced in size or completely eliminated after FSP. Consequently, ductility and fatigue life were drastically improved by FSP. Quality index analysis showed that some FSPed specimens have a higher structural quality than aerospace and premium quality castings, and can be used to determine the intrinsic properties of cast aluminum alloys.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"6 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123738638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000444
R. Probst, K. Splitt
It is important to understand the effect of the protective gas atmosphere on the welding process to relate qualitatively the chemical composition of the welding atmosphere to the quality of the weld produced. Of particular interest are the reactions occurring within the gas phase of the arc welding process. This article presents the results conducted on the gaseous atmosphere with the aid of gas chromatography. The objective of this work was to obtain an overall understanding of the quantitative interaction of the welding atmosphere and liquid metal, and to improve the quality of the weld metal produced by specific metallurgical and technological means.
{"title":"Welding Technology: Gas Chromatography in","authors":"R. Probst, K. Splitt","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000444","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to understand the effect of the protective gas atmosphere on the welding process to relate qualitatively the chemical composition of the welding atmosphere to the quality of the weld produced. Of particular interest are the reactions occurring within the gas phase of the arc welding process. This article presents the results conducted on the gaseous atmosphere with the aid of gas chromatography. The objective of this work was to obtain an overall understanding of the quantitative interaction of the welding atmosphere and liquid metal, and to improve the quality of the weld metal produced by specific metallurgical and technological means.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129655318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000468
R. Shuey, M. Tiryakioğlu
The present authors have collaborated since 2000 on revitalizing and extending the technology for metallurgical aspects of quenching heat-treatable aluminum alloys, which had been developed by Dr. James T. Staley, Sr. starting with Ref. [] and continued until his retirement from Alcoa three decades later. Our objective in this chapter is a concise and current overview of what came before us and what we have added. For this we have surveyed the open literature as well as Alcoa files going back into the 1940’s, excluding any details that might still be considered proprietary. We suppose our reader to be soundly grounded in metallurgical engineering, but not necessarily with any knowledge specific to aluminum. We have excluded the topic of quench-aging, the combination of quenching and aging into a continuous process, as a substantive survey would be heavy in proprietary concepts and sophisticated metallurgy. We have also excluded thermal and mechanical aspects of quenching aluminum alloys, as well as equipment and quenchants used in fabrication of aluminum products. On these topics much of the information presented elsewhere in this volume, is generally applicable to aluminum. We conclude with our views on what has been established, how to use it, and where to go next with the techniques pioneered by our mutual mentor, Dr. James T. Staley.
自2000年以来，本文作者一直致力于振兴和扩展淬火热处理铝合金冶金方面的技术，该技术是由James T. Staley, sr博士开发的，从参考文献[]开始，一直持续到三十年后他从美国铝业公司退休。我们在本章的目标是对我们之前的内容和我们所添加的内容进行简要和当前的概述。为此，我们调查了开放文献以及美国铝业公司的文件，这些文件可以追溯到20世纪40年代，排除了任何可能仍然被认为是专有的细节。我们假定我们的读者在冶金工程方面有扎实的基础，但不一定具有任何特定于铝的知识。我们已经排除了淬火时效的主题，淬火和时效结合成一个连续的过程，因为实质性的调查将是专有概念和复杂的冶金。我们还排除了淬火铝合金的热和机械方面，以及铝制品制造中使用的设备和淬火剂。关于这些主题，本卷其他地方提供的许多信息通常适用于铝。我们总结了我们对已经建立的，如何使用它，以及我们共同导师詹姆斯·t·斯特利博士开创的技术下一步走向的看法。
{"title":"Metallurgy of Quenching Aluminum Alloys","authors":"R. Shuey, M. Tiryakioğlu","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000468","url":null,"abstract":"The present authors have collaborated since 2000 on revitalizing and extending the technology for metallurgical aspects of quenching heat-treatable aluminum alloys, which had been developed by Dr. James T. Staley, Sr. starting with Ref. [] and continued until his retirement from Alcoa three decades later. Our objective in this chapter is a concise and current overview of what came before us and what we have added. For this we have surveyed the open literature as well as Alcoa files going back into the 1940’s, excluding any details that might still be considered proprietary. We suppose our reader to be soundly grounded in metallurgical engineering, but not necessarily with any knowledge specific to aluminum. We have excluded the topic of quench-aging, the combination of quenching and aging into a continuous process, as a substantive survey would be heavy in proprietary concepts and sophisticated metallurgy. We have also excluded thermal and mechanical aspects of quenching aluminum alloys, as well as equipment and quenchants used in fabrication of aluminum products. On these topics much of the information presented elsewhere in this volume, is generally applicable to aluminum. We conclude with our views on what has been established, how to use it, and where to go next with the techniques pioneered by our mutual mentor, Dr. James T. Staley.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"1 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120887192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000304
W. Stępniowski
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is one of the most frequently fabricated materials with the use of electrochemical techniques. In this article, current trends in aluminum anodizing are reviewed, including anodizing in novel electrolytes, anodizing in electrolytes with various additives, and fabrication of 3D nanostructures using pulse anodizing, leading to the formation of distributed Bragg reflectors. Applications of AAO in the field of nanofabrication are also reviewed with the use of milestone and the most current research.
{"title":"Anodic Oxides: Applications and Trends in Nanofabrication","authors":"W. Stępniowski","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000304","url":null,"abstract":"Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is one of the most frequently fabricated materials with the use of electrochemical techniques. In this article, current trends in aluminum anodizing are reviewed, including anodizing in novel electrolytes, anodizing in electrolytes with various additives, and fabrication of 3D nanostructures using pulse anodizing, leading to the formation of distributed Bragg reflectors. Applications of AAO in the field of nanofabrication are also reviewed with the use of milestone and the most current research.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117120243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000394
K. Hono
Atomic Probe Field Ion Microscopy (APFIM) is used to solve many critical problems related to microstructures of metallic materials such as nanostructures that are composed of nanoscale precipitates dispersed in a matrix phase. The atom probe technique provides unique information on metallic nanostructures not attainable with other analytical microscopy techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In this article the an overview of the contribution of the atom probe technique to enhance the current understanding of solute clustering and characterization of fine precipitates of aluminum alloys.
{"title":"Atom Probe Characterization of Nanoscale Precipitates in Aluminum Alloys","authors":"K. Hono","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000394","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic Probe Field Ion Microscopy (APFIM) is used to solve many critical problems related to microstructures of metallic materials such as nanostructures that are composed of nanoscale precipitates dispersed in a matrix phase. The atom probe technique provides unique information on metallic nanostructures not attainable with other analytical microscopy techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In this article the an overview of the contribution of the atom probe technique to enhance the current understanding of solute clustering and characterization of fine precipitates of aluminum alloys.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122954350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000211
R. Subasri
Surface cleaning and activation of substrates are two critical processes that affect the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of protective coatings when deposited on the substrates. Surface cleaning removes the contaminants, for example, grease on the substrate, and surface activation introduces active bonds on the substrate thereby increasing the surface free energy. Conventionally, surface cleaning and activation of aluminum and its alloys are carried out by a wet chemical technique. A convenient and safe alternate to the wet chemical cleaning/activation would be to use plasma for the same purpose. Plasma surface pre-treatment greatly improves adhesion of coatings deposited, which is very vital for good corrosion protection and mechanical properties such as scratch and abrasion resistance. Cold and atmospheric air plasma treatments have been the most widely studied pre-treatments for Al alloys. This article will discuss the advancements in the use of plasma treatment on Al/Al alloys and its effect on corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of coatings deposited after the surface treatment.
{"title":"Plasma Surface Treatment: Effects on Mechanical and Corrosion Protection Properties of Hybrid Sol–Gel Coatings","authors":"R. Subasri","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000211","url":null,"abstract":"Surface cleaning and activation of substrates are two critical processes that affect the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of protective coatings when deposited on the substrates. Surface cleaning removes the contaminants, for example, grease on the substrate, and surface activation introduces active bonds on the substrate thereby increasing the surface free energy. Conventionally, surface cleaning and activation of aluminum and its alloys are carried out by a wet chemical technique. A convenient and safe alternate to the wet chemical cleaning/activation would be to use plasma for the same purpose. Plasma surface pre-treatment greatly improves adhesion of coatings deposited, which is very vital for good corrosion protection and mechanical properties such as scratch and abrasion resistance. Cold and atmospheric air plasma treatments have been the most widely studied pre-treatments for Al alloys. This article will discuss the advancements in the use of plasma treatment on Al/Al alloys and its effect on corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of coatings deposited after the surface treatment.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"36 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116110118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000240
G. Melhem
Aircraft components need to be selected and manufactured to adequately combat the environment, temperature, loading, compatibility, and so on. When structural materials such as aluminum alloys or fiber-reinforced polymer composites need to be joined in aircraft, the selection of fasteners, bolts, rivets, adhesives, and other methods need to be quantitatively assessed in order that the correct design for the component and joining method is identified. There is a variety of fasteners, bolts, and rivets, made using a variety of materials. Aluminum rivets are often used to join aluminum components in an aircraft. Rivets do not perform well under tension loading, but perform better in shear, thus limiting the application specifically for these purposes. Bolts are designed to clamp material together, and even though the bolt may be adequate to support a particular structure and load requirement, consideration must also be given to the modulus of elasticity and stiffness of the components that are being clamped together. Therefore, an understanding of each of the materials being clamped or joined together is necessary. Bolts manufactured from steel, for instance, have coatings applied in order to help protect them from corrosion. The use of composites translates to a reduced number of rivets and fasteners to be used. Drilling of holes into composites to insert fasteners poses many challenges because the fibers are damaged, a region of high stress concentration may be formed, and the hole is a site for the ingress of water or moisture. The insertion of aluminum fasteners or the contact of aluminum components with carbon fibers creates galvanic corrosion due to the large difference in electrical potential. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is a typical fastener where there is composite joining due to its better compatibility (elimination of galvanic corrosion) and increased strength properties. Substitution of rivets and fasteners for welding is also on the increase in aircraft because laser beam welding (LBW) and friction stir welding both reduce cracking, porosity, and better properties achieved due to deeper penetration, and reduce the heat-affected zone which would typically be undesirable with conventional arc welding such as metal inert gas and tungsten inert gas welding. The shear and compressive stresses are increased, and fatigue cracking, weight, and cost are also reduced as a result of LBW, including the elimination of stresses and corrosion associated with rivets and the elimination of adhesives. Dissimilar metals such as the 7000 series and the 2000 series can be joined with a filler metal compatible to both metals to mitigate galvanic corrosion.
{"title":"Aerospace Fasteners: Use in Structural Applications","authors":"G. Melhem","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000240","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft components need to be selected and manufactured to adequately combat the environment, temperature, loading, compatibility, and so on. When structural materials such as aluminum alloys or fiber-reinforced polymer composites need to be joined in aircraft, the selection of fasteners, bolts, rivets, adhesives, and other methods need to be quantitatively assessed in order that the correct design for the component and joining method is identified. There is a variety of fasteners, bolts, and rivets, made using a variety of materials. Aluminum rivets are often used to join aluminum components in an aircraft. Rivets do not perform well under tension loading, but perform better in shear, thus limiting the application specifically for these purposes. Bolts are designed to clamp material together, and even though the bolt may be adequate to support a particular structure and load requirement, consideration must also be given to the modulus of elasticity and stiffness of the components that are being clamped together. Therefore, an understanding of each of the materials being clamped or joined together is necessary. Bolts manufactured from steel, for instance, have coatings applied in order to help protect them from corrosion. The use of composites translates to a reduced number of rivets and fasteners to be used. Drilling of holes into composites to insert fasteners poses many challenges because the fibers are damaged, a region of high stress concentration may be formed, and the hole is a site for the ingress of water or moisture. The insertion of aluminum fasteners or the contact of aluminum components with carbon fibers creates galvanic corrosion due to the large difference in electrical potential. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is a typical fastener where there is composite joining due to its better compatibility (elimination of galvanic corrosion) and increased strength properties. Substitution of rivets and fasteners for welding is also on the increase in aircraft because laser beam welding (LBW) and friction stir welding both reduce cracking, porosity, and better properties achieved due to deeper penetration, and reduce the heat-affected zone which would typically be undesirable with conventional arc welding such as metal inert gas and tungsten inert gas welding. The shear and compressive stresses are increased, and fatigue cracking, weight, and cost are also reduced as a result of LBW, including the elimination of stresses and corrosion associated with rivets and the elimination of adhesives. Dissimilar metals such as the 7000 series and the 2000 series can be joined with a filler metal compatible to both metals to mitigate galvanic corrosion.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122299092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.1201/9781351045636-140000221
Patrícia Mariane Kavalco, L. Canale, G. Totten
Although cooling rate and strength correlations for a wide range of quenching conditions are routinely discussed, cooling time–temperature data are shown less often. However, intergranular corrosion is also cooling rate and pathway dependent, but such data correlation is much less likely to be encountered, especially by commercial quenchant suppliers. Even cooling rate data, strength, intergranular corrosion, and either residual stress or distortion correlations are more rarely reported together. This entry discusses the mechanism of intergranular corrosion and provides an illustrative example of the dependence of intergranular corrosion on the cooling rate.
{"title":"Strength and Intergranular Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys: Effect of Cooling Rate","authors":"Patrícia Mariane Kavalco, L. Canale, G. Totten","doi":"10.1201/9781351045636-140000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000221","url":null,"abstract":"Although cooling rate and strength correlations for a wide range of quenching conditions are routinely discussed, cooling time–temperature data are shown less often. However, intergranular corrosion is also cooling rate and pathway dependent, but such data correlation is much less likely to be encountered, especially by commercial quenchant suppliers. Even cooling rate data, strength, intergranular corrosion, and either residual stress or distortion correlations are more rarely reported together. This entry discusses the mechanism of intergranular corrosion and provides an illustrative example of the dependence of intergranular corrosion on the cooling rate.","PeriodicalId":348912,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132912943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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