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School Choice (And Diversity) in the UK since 1944: Continuity, Change, Divergence and School Selectivity 1944年以来英国的学校选择(和多样性):连续性、变化性、差异性和学校选择性
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169814
A. West
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on school choice and diversity in the UK (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) in historical context. Drawing on primary and secondary documentary sources it assesses continuity, change and divergence, before addressing existing diversity and school choice, and academic outcomes. The 1944 Education Act and associated legislation established, in each country, a system of state-funded church and state schools, comprising, academically selective (grammar) and non-selective secondary schools, with test scores determining whether the child was allocated to a selective or non-selective school. The paper argues that there has been broad continuity in Northern Ireland, whilst from 1965 England, Wales and Scotland diverged when school systems were reorganized – to a greater or lesser extent – along comprehensive lines. From the 1980s, parental “choice” (and diversity) policies were implemented in all countries, albeit differently. It is argued that existing school diversity across the UK is associated with distinctive histories and political ideas, and with varying levels and types of school selectivity and social segregation. Furthermore, the institutional rules regarding who is prioritized for a school place in the event of oversubscription – particularly in the case of selective and religious schools – can constrain parental choice as they enable schools to “select in” and “select out” certain students. Whilst improving educational standards was a key goal for the Conservative government when it introduced market-oriented reforms in England, evidence points to improved academic outcomes being related to changes in assessment policy.
摘要本文关注历史背景下英国(英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰)的学校选择和多样性。它利用小学和中学的文献来源,在处理现有的多样性、学校选择和学术成果之前,评估了连续性、变化和差异。1944年的《教育法》和相关立法在每个国家建立了一个由国家资助的教会和州立学校体系,包括学术选择性(语法)和非选择性中学,考试成绩决定孩子是被分配到选择性学校还是非选择性学校。该论文认为,北爱尔兰有着广泛的连续性,而从1965年起,英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰在学校系统重组时出现了分歧——或多或少——沿着全面的路线。从20世纪80年代开始,所有国家都实施了父母的“选择”(和多样性)政策,尽管有所不同。有人认为,英国现有的学校多样性与独特的历史和政治思想有关,也与不同程度和类型的学校选择性和社会隔离有关。此外,在超额认购的情况下,关于谁优先获得入学名额的制度规则——特别是在选择性和宗教学校的情况下——可能会限制家长的选择,因为它们使学校能够“挑选”和“挑选”某些学生。虽然提高教育水平是保守党政府在英格兰推行市场化改革时的一个关键目标,但有证据表明,学术成果的改善与评估政策的变化有关。
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引用次数: 1
How Useful are Ofsted Inspection judgements for Informing Secondary School Choice? Ofsted的检查判断对告知中学选择有多有用?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169813
C. Bokhove, John Jerrim, Sam Sims
ABSTRACT School inspections are a key component of the accountability system in many education systems, including England. The judgments and reports produced through these inspections are widely used by parents when they are choosing a school for their children. But should they be? This paper presents new evidence on this issue. We illustrate how parents selecting secondary schools using Ofsted judgments will often be basing their decision on dated information. Indeed, half the time, this will be based on a period in which the school had a different headteacher. We find there are almost no differences in future academic, behavioral, school leadership and parental satisfaction outcomes between schools rated as good, requiring improvement and inadequate in the inspection data available to parents at the point of school selection. That is, parents who choose a “good” secondary school for their child will not leave with appreciably better outcomes than a parent who selects an “inadequate” school. The one exception to this is an Outstanding judgment, which does predict future academic outcomes – though only if the inspection was conducted within the last five years. We thus advise parents that – besides choices involving Outstanding schools – Ofsted judgments are of limited use to them in selecting a school.
摘要:在包括英国在内的许多教育系统中,学校检查是问责制的关键组成部分。通过这些检查得出的判断和报告被家长在为孩子选择学校时广泛使用。但它们应该是吗?本文在这个问题上提供了新的证据。我们举例说明了使用Ofsted判断选择中学的家长通常是如何根据过时的信息做出决定的。事实上,有一半的时间,这将基于学校有不同校长的时期。我们发现,在被评为良好、需要改进和家长在择校时可用的检查数据不足的学校之间,未来的学业、行为、学校领导能力和家长满意度结果几乎没有差异。也就是说,为孩子选择“好”中学的父母离开时不会比选择“不好”学校的父母取得明显更好的成绩。唯一的例外是杰出的判断,它确实预测了未来的学术成果——尽管只有在过去五年内进行检查的情况下。因此,我们建议家长,除了选择优秀学校外,Ofsted的判断对他们选择学校的作用有限。
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引用次数: 1
School Choice in Europe 欧洲的学校选择
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169808
T. Agasisti, Rodrigo Queiroz e Melo, R. Maranto
ABSTRACT In the introduction to the special issue on school choice in Europe, we explain the purpose of this special issue and summariize the individual articles, stressing the lessons learned from European experience.
摘要在欧洲择校特刊的引言中,我们解释了这期特刊的目的,并总结了个别文章,强调了从欧洲经验中吸取的教训。
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引用次数: 0
Learning from School Choice in Europe 从欧洲的择校学习
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169807
C. Glenn
ABSTRACT Most Western democracies have long provided public funding to non-government schools, but the reasons for these arrangements differ with significant practical consequences.
摘要大多数西方民主国家长期以来一直向非政府学校提供公共资金,但这些安排的原因各不相同,产生了重大的实际后果。
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引用次数: 0
The Termination of Publicly Funded Private School Contracts: Supply and Demand Side Effects 公立私立学校合同的终止:供需副作用
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169810
João Firmino, André Guilherme, A. Leme, L. Nunes
ABSTRACT We evaluate the demand and supply side effects of a policy which cuts funding to a significant portion of publicly funded private classes in Portugal, Contratos de Associação (AC), in which students do not pay tuition fees and are under the same admission criteria as in Public Schools – i.e., these private schools cannot select students based on their socioeconomic status or prior achievement. This policy established that from 2016/17, Private school classes would no longer receive Contratos de Associação funding if the government deemed that there were enough nearby Public Schools with capacity to absorb the new student cohorts. Compared to the pre-reform student cohort, we find that affected students changed the demand patterns for different types of schools: both the number of Public school classes and regular Full-Fee Private School classes increased, but the rise in the former was larger in absolute terms. Nevertheless, this pattern of movements was heterogenous across different sub-groups of the student population. While non-low-income students switched both to Public and Private school classes, we verify practically a one-to-one movement of the low-income student cohort from AC schools to Public schools only. On the supply-side, we find that the decrease in AC schools was not fully compensated by the increase of schools that are now under different Private School systems and that some of these schools later shut down.
摘要:我们评估了一项政策的需求和供应副作用,该政策削减了葡萄牙大部分公共资助私立课程的资金,即Contratos de Associação(AC),在该政策中,学生不支付学费,并且与公立学校的录取标准相同,即。,这些私立学校不能根据学生的社会经济地位或先前的成绩来选择学生。该政策规定,从2016/17年起,如果政府认为附近有足够的公立学校有能力吸收新的学生群体,私立学校的班级将不再获得Contratos de Associação的资助。与改革前的学生群体相比,我们发现受影响的学生改变了不同类型学校的需求模式:公立学校班级和普通全日制私立学校班级的数量都有所增加,但前者的绝对增长幅度更大。然而,这种运动模式在学生群体的不同子群体中是异质的。虽然非低收入学生同时转到公立和私立学校上课,但我们实际上验证了低收入学生群体从AC学校到公立学校的一对一流动。在供应方面,我们发现,AC学校的减少并没有被现在处于不同私立学校系统下的学校的增加所完全弥补,其中一些学校后来关闭了。
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引用次数: 0
Parental Involvement and School Choice in Hungarian Primary Schools 匈牙利小学的家长参与与学校选择
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169812
Gabriella Pusztai, P. Róbert, Hajnalka Fényes
ABSTRACT In this study, we examine the features of school choice by comparing parental involvement between denominational and public schools. In Hungary, denominational schools reemerged after the fall of communism in 1989, and their share increased further after 2010. The survey data, we employ, refer to primary school children’s parents and were focused on parental involvement at home and at school. Our hypothesis is based on the work of Epstein and Coleman and suggests a prominent role for denominational schools in parental involvement. However, our results show that Hungarian denominational schools differ in terms of parental involvement and school choice from what theory or practice in other western countries suggests. School choice of Hungarian parents is primarily driven by the intention to ensure a more culturally and economically homogeneous and safer environment for their children. Parental involvement tends to be stronger at home and at school due to higher parental religiosity, regardless of the school sector. The novelty of our findings is, that opposite to the literature, mostly not the school type but parents’ religiosity increase both the home based and the school based parental involvement.
摘要在本研究中,我们通过比较教派学校和公立学校的家长参与来检验择校特征。在匈牙利,教派学校在1989年共产主义垮台后重新出现,2010年后其比例进一步增加。我们采用的调查数据涉及小学生的父母,重点关注父母在家和学校的参与情况。我们的假设是基于爱泼斯坦和科尔曼的工作,并表明教派学校在家长参与中发挥着重要作用。然而,我们的研究结果表明,匈牙利教派学校在家长参与和学校选择方面与其他西方国家的理论或实践不同。匈牙利家长的择校主要是为了确保他们的孩子有一个文化和经济上更加同质和安全的环境。由于父母的宗教信仰更高,无论学校部门如何,父母在家和学校的参与度往往更高。我们发现的新颖之处在于,与文献相反,大多数情况下,不是学校类型,而是父母的宗教信仰增加了家庭和学校父母的参与。
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引用次数: 1
Inclusive or Divisive Choices? Education Policy Preferences in the Bilingual Education System of Estonia 包容性选择还是分裂性选择?爱沙尼亚双语教育体系中的教育政策偏好
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169811
Triin Lauri, Kaire Põder
ABSTRACT This article investigates educational preferences in the bilingual education system that reinforce the salience of both socio-economic and socio-cultural issues. We ask, first, how many distinct groups of educational preferences exist and whether these differ by ethnic nationality. Second, we investigate the extent to which economic self-interest vs values-driven logic of preference formations explain educational preferences and whether these determinants differ by ethnic nationality. We rely on individual-level survey data and run Latent Class Analysis and multivariate regression. We find three distinctive classes of educational preferences and that relatively high popular demand for private provision and parental choice co-exist alongside respect for comprehensive schooling in Estonia. These classes differ slightly by ethnic nationality – Russians show relatively more support for inclusive choice, while Estonians show greater support for public comprehensive schooling, with only weak socioeconomic and political party influences. The only clear explanation for different latent-class belonging is values, i.e., belief in meritocracy and the fairness perception of educational inequality; somewhat surprisingly, the marginal effects of these do not differ by ethnic nationality.
本文调查了双语教育系统中强化社会经济和社会文化问题的教育偏好。我们首先要问,有多少不同的教育偏好群体存在,这些群体是否因民族而异。其次,我们研究了经济自利与价值驱动的偏好形成逻辑在多大程度上解释了教育偏好,以及这些决定因素是否因民族而异。我们依赖于个人水平的调查数据,并运行潜在类别分析和多元回归。我们发现,爱沙尼亚人对教育的偏好有三种不同的类别,对私人教育和家长选择的相对较高的普遍需求与对综合教育的尊重并存。这些课程因民族而略有不同——俄罗斯人对包容性选择的支持相对更多,而爱沙尼亚人对公立综合学校的支持更大,只有较弱的社会经济和政党影响。对不同潜在阶级归属的唯一明确解释是价值观,即对精英统治的信仰和对教育不平等的公平看法;有些令人惊讶的是,这些措施的边际效应并没有因民族而异。
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引用次数: 0
Who Chooses Single Sex Schooling and Why? Evidence from Ireland 谁选择单性别学校?为什么?来自爱尔兰的证据
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169815
J. G. Clavel, D. Flannery
ABSTRACT A common decision parents face is the choice of school for their children. In Ireland, somewhat uniquely in an international context, this choice includes a large number of state-funded single-sex schools, to the point that this can be considered a realistic option for many parents. Focusing on secondary-level education and using the PISA 2018 dataset, we examine whether different parental attitudes help explain the selection of single-sex versus coeducational schools in Ireland. Focusing on those households that have a degree of choice in secondary school selection, we find that parents who place a greater emphasis on factors such as religious ethos and academic achievement rather than subject choice or the climate of the school tend to have children in single-sex schools. The importance of a school’s academic achievement seems to be particularly relevant for those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds.
摘要父母面临的一个常见决定是为孩子选择学校。在爱尔兰,这种选择在国际背景下有点独特,包括大量国家资助的单性学校,以至于这对许多家长来说是一种现实的选择。以中等教育为重点,并使用PISA 2018数据集,我们研究了不同的父母态度是否有助于解释爱尔兰单性学校与男女同校学校的选择。关注那些在中学选择方面有一定选择权的家庭,我们发现,那些更重视宗教精神和学业成绩等因素而不是学科选择或学校氛围的父母往往会让孩子就读于单性学校。学校学术成就的重要性似乎与那些具有较高社会经济背景的人特别相关。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating the Impact on Educational Demand of Divesting in a Private School Voucher Policy: A Study of an Italian Region 估算私立学校券政策中撤资对教育需求的影响:一项意大利地区研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2023.2169809
M. Cannistrà, T. Agasisti, F. Olivanti
ABSTRACT Voucher policies represent a market mechanism to support school choice, with the expected effect of stimulating competition among schools and, in turn, positively benefiting the educational outcomes. As the only Italian region adopting this policy to free private/public school choice, Lombardy is the subject of this study. In particular, we aim at understanding whether the voucher policy still affects private school enrollments, considering its de-financing in 2016. Findings show that this reduction did not impact private enrollments. Reasons could be probably found in the well-rooted motivations behind private school choice and in the low amount of the voucher, which does not cover the full private school enrollment.
摘要代金券政策代表了一种支持择校的市场机制,其预期效果是刺激学校之间的竞争,进而对教育成果产生积极影响。作为意大利唯一一个实行免费私立/公立学校选择政策的地区,伦巴第是本研究的主题。特别是,考虑到2016年私立学校的资金减少,我们旨在了解代金券政策是否仍会影响私立学校的入学人数。调查结果表明,这一减少并没有影响私人入学人数。原因可能在于选择私立学校背后根深蒂固的动机,以及代金券金额低,不包括私立学校的全部入学人数。
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引用次数: 0
Turnover Contagion: Trust and the Compounding Impact of Turnover on Teachers 离职传染:信任与离职对教师的复合影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/15582159.2022.2151923
Matthew S. McCluskey
ABSTRACT Teacher turnover is high in US public schools, and it is growing. Such turnover has academic and financial costs, but little is known about the impact on teachers themselves. How do teachers experience turnover? Using interviews of departed teachers and focus groups of new and veteran teachers, this qualitative multi-site case study examines how teachers at a so-called “no-excuses” Charter Management Organization (CMO) experience and respond to high turnover. Findings reveal that teachers experience considerable strain as a result of high levels of turnover due to increased demand on their expertise and diminished trust. This turnover, in turn, begets turnover.
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of School Choice
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