Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1080/0734578x.2023.2240600
J. Worth
{"title":"Spanish Olive Jar and other shipping containers of sixteenth-century Florida: quantifying the documentary record","authors":"J. Worth","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2023.2240600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2023.2240600","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42108248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1080/0734578x.2023.2230678
T. Whyte, A. Wright
{"title":"Death and rebirth of structures in the Middle Woodland period of the Appalachian Summit","authors":"T. Whyte, A. Wright","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2023.2230678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2023.2230678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2023.2221091
V. Knight
ABSTRACT Thirty-four mounded features at the Moundville site in Alabama have received alphanumeric designations in the past, but the nomenclature of the smaller, less prominent mounds has not been standardized. This paper standardizes their naming and discusses the research conducted at each. The minor mounds show substantial diversity. Some are multistage constructions of clay with evidence of summit architecture, like their much larger counterparts. Others are evidently built up, at least in part, of domestic debris showing evidence of superimposed living floors. Some show continuous use as mortuary facilities, while others show only superficial mortuary use.
{"title":"The minor mounds at the Moundville site","authors":"V. Knight","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2221091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2221091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Thirty-four mounded features at the Moundville site in Alabama have received alphanumeric designations in the past, but the nomenclature of the smaller, less prominent mounds has not been standardized. This paper standardizes their naming and discusses the research conducted at each. The minor mounds show substantial diversity. Some are multistage constructions of clay with evidence of summit architecture, like their much larger counterparts. Others are evidently built up, at least in part, of domestic debris showing evidence of superimposed living floors. Some show continuous use as mortuary facilities, while others show only superficial mortuary use.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"206 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2023.2216002
Ian Beggen, Raven Garvey
ABSTRACT Palmer and Kirk Corner-Notched projectile points are common in archaeological assemblages of the Carolina Piedmont dating to the Early Archaic (11,500–9,000 cal BP). These types were initially described by Joffre Lanning Coe ([1964] The Formative Cultures of the Carolina Piedmont. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 54(5):1–130. DOI:10.2307/3231919) in his seminal typology and are now well documented as the primary hafted bifacial tools diagnostic of the region’s early Holocene occupation. Several studies describe morphological similarities between Palmer and Kirk points – as defined by Coe – but there is little agreement regarding the chronological and typological relationships between them; some maintain that they are discrete point types while others believe they instead represent distinct use-life stages of a single type. The inconsistencies of these perspectives indicate that this aspect of Coe’s typology requires a reassessment. Here, we demonstrate substantial overlap in Palmer and Kirk Corner-Notched points’ haft morphologies and significant differences in their overall proportions, a combination of traits that better supports the hypothesis that all Early Archaic corner-notched points in the Carolina Piedmont are of a single type. Combining these historically separated point types into a single one resolves longstanding confusions and permits new lines of inquiry regarding Early Archaic adaptations including conditions under which points might be more or less heavily resharpened (i.e., Palmer-like and Kirk-like, respectively).
摘要Palmer和Kirk Corner缺口射弹点在Carolina Piedmont的考古组合中很常见，可追溯到古代早期（11500–9000 cal BP）。这些类型最初由Joffre Lanning Coe（[1964]《卡罗莱纳皮埃蒙特的形成性文化》，《美国哲学学会汇刊》54（5）：1-130。DOI:10.2307/3231919），现在被充分记录为诊断该地区全新世早期占领的主要双面工具。几项研究描述了Palmer点和Kirk点之间的形态学相似性——正如Coe所定义的那样——但在它们之间的时间和类型关系方面几乎没有达成一致；一些人坚持认为它们是离散的点类型，而另一些人则认为它们代表了单一类型的不同使用寿命阶段。这些观点的不一致性表明，科类型学的这一方面需要重新评估。在这里，我们证明了Palmer和Kirk角缺口点的轴形态有很大的重叠，它们的总体比例也有显著差异，这些特征的结合更好地支持了卡罗莱纳皮埃蒙特所有早期古代角缺口点都是单一类型的假设。将这些历史上分离的点类型合并为一个点类型，解决了长期以来的困惑，并允许对早期古代的改编进行新的研究，包括点可能或多或少被严重重塑的条件（即，分别是类似帕尔默和类似柯克）。
{"title":"Reassessing Early Archaic projectile point typologies in the Carolina Piedmont through gross morphometric analysis","authors":"Ian Beggen, Raven Garvey","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2216002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2216002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Palmer and Kirk Corner-Notched projectile points are common in archaeological assemblages of the Carolina Piedmont dating to the Early Archaic (11,500–9,000 cal BP). These types were initially described by Joffre Lanning Coe ([1964] The Formative Cultures of the Carolina Piedmont. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 54(5):1–130. DOI:10.2307/3231919) in his seminal typology and are now well documented as the primary hafted bifacial tools diagnostic of the region’s early Holocene occupation. Several studies describe morphological similarities between Palmer and Kirk points – as defined by Coe – but there is little agreement regarding the chronological and typological relationships between them; some maintain that they are discrete point types while others believe they instead represent distinct use-life stages of a single type. The inconsistencies of these perspectives indicate that this aspect of Coe’s typology requires a reassessment. Here, we demonstrate substantial overlap in Palmer and Kirk Corner-Notched points’ haft morphologies and significant differences in their overall proportions, a combination of traits that better supports the hypothesis that all Early Archaic corner-notched points in the Carolina Piedmont are of a single type. Combining these historically separated point types into a single one resolves longstanding confusions and permits new lines of inquiry regarding Early Archaic adaptations including conditions under which points might be more or less heavily resharpened (i.e., Palmer-like and Kirk-like, respectively).","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"194 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46504800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2023.2215103
A. Lecher, Gabriel Acevedo Montalvo, April A. Watson
ABSTRACT Rising sea and groundwater levels in coastal Florida have infringed on and wetted archaeological sites with some sites already submerged by rising sea levels. While studies of moisture-induced artifact diagenesis and destruction have been documented elsewhere, very little documentation exists for Florida and the faunal artifacts typical of Florida. This study sought to fill that gap by documenting the effects of wetting experiments on Floridian bone faunal artifacts. Our findings show that moisture-induced diagenesis and destruction is occurring at Florida sites and is more severe in older artifacts. Also, bone artifacts can retain moisture after the surrounding sediment matrix has dried. Furthermore, vertebrae across taxa are especially vulnerable to moisture-induced diagenesis while fish spines and scales are especially resistant. Although our data are limited, mammal bone seems especially vulnerable to diagenetic destruction, mammal bone being completely absent in the older assemblage, which is consistent with other artifact diagenesis studies. The implications of this study are that artifact assemblages excavated in Florida are biased by the postdeposition and pre-excavation loss of artifacts, specifically biased against diagenetic-prone bone (e.g., mammal and vertebrae) and toward diagenetic resilient bone (e.g., boney fish). This has implications both in terms of site interpretation and preservation priorities. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Documenting the effects of diagenesis on bone artifacts in coastal Florida through wetting experiments","authors":"A. Lecher, Gabriel Acevedo Montalvo, April A. Watson","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2215103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2215103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rising sea and groundwater levels in coastal Florida have infringed on and wetted archaeological sites with some sites already submerged by rising sea levels. While studies of moisture-induced artifact diagenesis and destruction have been documented elsewhere, very little documentation exists for Florida and the faunal artifacts typical of Florida. This study sought to fill that gap by documenting the effects of wetting experiments on Floridian bone faunal artifacts. Our findings show that moisture-induced diagenesis and destruction is occurring at Florida sites and is more severe in older artifacts. Also, bone artifacts can retain moisture after the surrounding sediment matrix has dried. Furthermore, vertebrae across taxa are especially vulnerable to moisture-induced diagenesis while fish spines and scales are especially resistant. Although our data are limited, mammal bone seems especially vulnerable to diagenetic destruction, mammal bone being completely absent in the older assemblage, which is consistent with other artifact diagenesis studies. The implications of this study are that artifact assemblages excavated in Florida are biased by the postdeposition and pre-excavation loss of artifacts, specifically biased against diagenetic-prone bone (e.g., mammal and vertebrae) and toward diagenetic resilient bone (e.g., boney fish). This has implications both in terms of site interpretation and preservation priorities. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"223 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2023.2213544
Rachel Cajigas, Matthew C. Sanger, V. Thompson
ABSTRACT Characterizing the depositional and temporal nature of sediments lends insight into the construction of monuments and midden accumulation. Identifying discrete deposits at Late Archaic shell rings can be challenging due to the seemingly homogenous nature of shell deposits. Data from cross-mended artifacts can help identify surfaces and determine whether deposits are contemporaneous. We present cross-mend results from the St. Catherines Shell Ring and the Sapelo Island Shell Ring complex. In both cases, we observed vertical distance between cross-mends suggesting that detailed spatial control of artifacts and cross-mend analysis can be used to understand the nature of anthropogenic deposition and postdepositional processes.
{"title":"Cross-mended ceramic sherds as a proxy for depositional processes at two Late Archaic shell rings in coastal Georgia","authors":"Rachel Cajigas, Matthew C. Sanger, V. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2213544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2213544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Characterizing the depositional and temporal nature of sediments lends insight into the construction of monuments and midden accumulation. Identifying discrete deposits at Late Archaic shell rings can be challenging due to the seemingly homogenous nature of shell deposits. Data from cross-mended artifacts can help identify surfaces and determine whether deposits are contemporaneous. We present cross-mend results from the St. Catherines Shell Ring and the Sapelo Island Shell Ring complex. In both cases, we observed vertical distance between cross-mends suggesting that detailed spatial control of artifacts and cross-mend analysis can be used to understand the nature of anthropogenic deposition and postdepositional processes.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"178 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49544717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2023.2202461
E. Reitz, M. Zierden
ABSTRACT Twenty-four zooarchaeological collections from Charleston, South Carolina (USA; ca. 1690s–1820s), suggest choices in the use of animals could extend beyond hierarchical social distinctions, food, and meat utility. The city’s economy incorporated animals and animal products from nonmarket sources for purposes other than meat. Some people raised cattle and smaller livestock on their properties, perhaps slaughtering animals there. Low-meat-utility portions from the Head and Foot are present in every collection. Associating faunal collections with cost and social identity is challenged by the multiethnic composition of residential sites and trash commingled on-site. Refuse disposal and drainage control in this low-lying coastal city further hamper social interpretations. Nonetheless, by the 1750s–1820s, the townhouse assemblage does contain more taxa and is more diverse than other, contemporary assemblages, perhaps because of the diversity of people living on townhouse properties. This reflects dynamic urban site formation processes, challenging efforts to infer social status from faunal remains.
{"title":"A case study in animal products and urban site formation processes: Charleston, South Carolina (USA)","authors":"E. Reitz, M. Zierden","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2202461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2202461","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Twenty-four zooarchaeological collections from Charleston, South Carolina (USA; ca. 1690s–1820s), suggest choices in the use of animals could extend beyond hierarchical social distinctions, food, and meat utility. The city’s economy incorporated animals and animal products from nonmarket sources for purposes other than meat. Some people raised cattle and smaller livestock on their properties, perhaps slaughtering animals there. Low-meat-utility portions from the Head and Foot are present in every collection. Associating faunal collections with cost and social identity is challenged by the multiethnic composition of residential sites and trash commingled on-site. Refuse disposal and drainage control in this low-lying coastal city further hamper social interpretations. Nonetheless, by the 1750s–1820s, the townhouse assemblage does contain more taxa and is more diverse than other, contemporary assemblages, perhaps because of the diversity of people living on townhouse properties. This reflects dynamic urban site formation processes, challenging efforts to infer social status from faunal remains.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"157 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44763123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578x.2023.2196212
Carol E. Colaninno
{"title":"Isotope Research in Zooarchaeology: Methods, Applications, and Advances","authors":"Carol E. Colaninno","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2023.2196212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2023.2196212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"155 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2023.2186766
W. Mitch
ABSTRACT One cultural hallmark of the Poverty Point culture in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta is the importation of lithic materials for fashioning everyday tools from sources in Arkansas, the Ohio and Tennessee River valleys, and southeastern Missouri. Previous research characterizing the distribution of imported cherts has documented a high intensity of imported chert usage at a cluster of sites near Poverty Point and at several other sites, suggesting that these sites served as centers from which imported lithics were disseminated to sites throughout the Delta. Since these studies focused on a limited number of sites in subsections of the Delta, it is difficult to gauge the importance of imported lithics basin wide. Assigning source regions to ∼57,000 chert artifacts from 81 collections from 46 Poverty Point sites, this study quantified the distribution of imported cherts throughout the Delta. The objective was to evaluate the areal extent of high-intensity usage of imported cherts, shedding light on both the density of imported cherts throughout the basin and the role of sites posited as dissemination hubs. The presence/absence of imported hematite, magnetite, quartz crystal, black chert, Tallahatta sandstone, and steatite were also noted. The analysis indicated that while the occurrence of imported cherts was widespread, sites featuring high densities of imported cherts were limited. The Poverty Point site and only a few sites located just east of Poverty Point exhibited high densities of northern gray flints. Arkansas novaculite usage was high within Arkansas but declined with distance from the Ouachita Mountain source region along the Ouachita and Arkansas River corridors. Missouri white cherts were less intensively exploited, but evidence suggests a decline with distance from the Mississippi River. While imported lithics were important at Jaketown and certain other sites in northwestern Mississippi, neighboring sites indicated low densities. Although the occurrence of imported cherts at sites throughout the Delta testifies to their widespread availability, densities typically were low except for a limited number of sites that may have served as economically or spiritually important aggregation centers.
{"title":"An evaluation of the distribution of imported lithics within the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta during the Poverty Point period","authors":"W. Mitch","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2186766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2186766","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 One cultural hallmark of the Poverty Point culture in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta is the importation of lithic materials for fashioning everyday tools from sources in Arkansas, the Ohio and Tennessee River valleys, and southeastern Missouri. Previous research characterizing the distribution of imported cherts has documented a high intensity of imported chert usage at a cluster of sites near Poverty Point and at several other sites, suggesting that these sites served as centers from which imported lithics were disseminated to sites throughout the Delta. Since these studies focused on a limited number of sites in subsections of the Delta, it is difficult to gauge the importance of imported lithics basin wide. Assigning source regions to ∼57,000 chert artifacts from 81 collections from 46 Poverty Point sites, this study quantified the distribution of imported cherts throughout the Delta. The objective was to evaluate the areal extent of high-intensity usage of imported cherts, shedding light on both the density of imported cherts throughout the basin and the role of sites posited as dissemination hubs. The presence/absence of imported hematite, magnetite, quartz crystal, black chert, Tallahatta sandstone, and steatite were also noted. The analysis indicated that while the occurrence of imported cherts was widespread, sites featuring high densities of imported cherts were limited. The Poverty Point site and only a few sites located just east of Poverty Point exhibited high densities of northern gray flints. Arkansas novaculite usage was high within Arkansas but declined with distance from the Ouachita Mountain source region along the Ouachita and Arkansas River corridors. Missouri white cherts were less intensively exploited, but evidence suggests a decline with distance from the Mississippi River. While imported lithics were important at Jaketown and certain other sites in northwestern Mississippi, neighboring sites indicated low densities. Although the occurrence of imported cherts at sites throughout the Delta testifies to their widespread availability, densities typically were low except for a limited number of sites that may have served as economically or spiritually important aggregation centers.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"136 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45022233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2023.2179385
G. Fritz, John M. Connaway
ABSTRACT Site densities in Mississippi's Upper Yazoo Basin indicate that populations increased in numbers during the Late Woodland period. Plant remains recovered during salvage operations at the Oliver site in Coahoma County contribute to a database confirming the importance of both wild and cultivated resources for Baytown people of that time. Because the samples reported here were retrieved by water screening rather than flotation, small seeds are uncommon. Still, all four starchy seed taxa and both oily seed crops belonging to the Eastern Agricultural Complex were recovered, along with the unidentified grass known as Type X. The abundance of acorn shell at Oliver and nearby sites with Baytown components calls for more inquiry into how acorns were accessed, processed, cooked, and eaten. We call attention to the pottery that occurs in high frequencies, suggesting that much of it was used to store, cook, and leach tannins from acorns, as well as to prepare other foodstuffs. Discussions of early agriculture in the Yazoo Basin once focused on corn, subsequently incorporating pre-corn native crops. We propose an expanded concept of food production that includes management of nut tree groves and tending of gardens to partially explain the thickly populated Late Woodland Delta landscape.
{"title":"Reframing the question of Baytown food production: plant remains from the Oliver site, northern Yazoo Basin, Mississippi","authors":"G. Fritz, John M. Connaway","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2023.2179385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2023.2179385","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Site densities in Mississippi's Upper Yazoo Basin indicate that populations increased in numbers during the Late Woodland period. Plant remains recovered during salvage operations at the Oliver site in Coahoma County contribute to a database confirming the importance of both wild and cultivated resources for Baytown people of that time. Because the samples reported here were retrieved by water screening rather than flotation, small seeds are uncommon. Still, all four starchy seed taxa and both oily seed crops belonging to the Eastern Agricultural Complex were recovered, along with the unidentified grass known as Type X. The abundance of acorn shell at Oliver and nearby sites with Baytown components calls for more inquiry into how acorns were accessed, processed, cooked, and eaten. We call attention to the pottery that occurs in high frequencies, suggesting that much of it was used to store, cook, and leach tannins from acorns, as well as to prepare other foodstuffs. Discussions of early agriculture in the Yazoo Basin once focused on corn, subsequently incorporating pre-corn native crops. We propose an expanded concept of food production that includes management of nut tree groves and tending of gardens to partially explain the thickly populated Late Woodland Delta landscape.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"42 1","pages":"105 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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