Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2099042
Carol E. Colaninno
ABSTRACT The results of a large study of vertebrate remains from two shell rings on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, are presented: the St. Catherines (9LI231) and McQueen (9LI1648) Shell Rings. The vertebrate archaeofaunal collections are used to infer foodways of Late Archaic people on St. Catherines Island, which centered on a limited suite of small-bodied, estuarine fishes. Given the prevalence of small-bodied fishes, Late Archaic people deployed a number of mass-capture fishing technologies which may have necessitated shared labor and community cooperation. Although there are similarities in the vertebrate assemblages at these two rings, suggesting a shared foodways tradition, differences are notable. These differences may indicate that the occupants of the two rings had unique preferred or controlled fishing grounds. The zooarchaeological collections also are used to contextualize the vertebrate data within the current formational models proposed for Late Archaic shell rings. Vertebrate remains align with models that interpret shell rings as the result of Late Archaic people living in circular villages, discarding refuse from daily meals; however, these animals were also featured in a ritualized event highlighting their relevance and meaning beyond food.
{"title":"Foodways of the Late Archaic people of St. Catherines Island, Georgia: an analysis of vertebrate remains from two shell rings","authors":"Carol E. Colaninno","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2099042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2099042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The results of a large study of vertebrate remains from two shell rings on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, are presented: the St. Catherines (9LI231) and McQueen (9LI1648) Shell Rings. The vertebrate archaeofaunal collections are used to infer foodways of Late Archaic people on St. Catherines Island, which centered on a limited suite of small-bodied, estuarine fishes. Given the prevalence of small-bodied fishes, Late Archaic people deployed a number of mass-capture fishing technologies which may have necessitated shared labor and community cooperation. Although there are similarities in the vertebrate assemblages at these two rings, suggesting a shared foodways tradition, differences are notable. These differences may indicate that the occupants of the two rings had unique preferred or controlled fishing grounds. The zooarchaeological collections also are used to contextualize the vertebrate data within the current formational models proposed for Late Archaic shell rings. Vertebrate remains align with models that interpret shell rings as the result of Late Archaic people living in circular villages, discarding refuse from daily meals; however, these animals were also featured in a ritualized event highlighting their relevance and meaning beyond food.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"183 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43160380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1080/0734578x.2022.2086337
Pauline M. Kulstad-González, PhD
{"title":"Pre-Columbian Art of the Caribbean","authors":"Pauline M. Kulstad-González, PhD","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2022.2086337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2022.2086337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48706803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2046939
G. Fritz, J. H. House
ABSTRACT Flexible strategies of crop production and wild food procurement helped late Mississippian farmers withstand environmental and social perturbations that preceded and followed European contact. Beans were fully incorporated by AD 1400, but their economic importance is difficult to assess due to low likelihood of preservation. Likewise, oily native seeds including sumpweed and sunflower are poorly represented in archaeobotanical assemblages, with cultigen sumpweed often considered all-but-extinct by the fifteenth century AD. Ritual grain offerings from an intentionally burned and buried structure at the Kuykendall Brake site in central Arkansas indicate that in this special context, beans were at least as highly valued as corn. Large domesticated sumpweed seeds were the third most common species, adding to evidence from other sites in the Southeast that this crop had not been dropped from all Native farming systems. Combining the information from Kuykendall Brake with data from other late Mississippian and early Contact period assemblages from the region, we conclude that the high level of agrobiodiversity and broad harvesting base alleviated risks of food insecurity and helped local societies sustain and prolong traditional lifeways.
{"title":"Native crops on the threshold of European contact: ritual seed deposits at Kuykendall Brake, Arkansas","authors":"G. Fritz, J. H. House","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2046939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2046939","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flexible strategies of crop production and wild food procurement helped late Mississippian farmers withstand environmental and social perturbations that preceded and followed European contact. Beans were fully incorporated by AD 1400, but their economic importance is difficult to assess due to low likelihood of preservation. Likewise, oily native seeds including sumpweed and sunflower are poorly represented in archaeobotanical assemblages, with cultigen sumpweed often considered all-but-extinct by the fifteenth century AD. Ritual grain offerings from an intentionally burned and buried structure at the Kuykendall Brake site in central Arkansas indicate that in this special context, beans were at least as highly valued as corn. Large domesticated sumpweed seeds were the third most common species, adding to evidence from other sites in the Southeast that this crop had not been dropped from all Native farming systems. Combining the information from Kuykendall Brake with data from other late Mississippian and early Contact period assemblages from the region, we conclude that the high level of agrobiodiversity and broad harvesting base alleviated risks of food insecurity and helped local societies sustain and prolong traditional lifeways.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"142 12","pages":"121 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578x.2022.2030013
Brett Parbus
{"title":"From Colonization to Domestication: Population, Environment, and the Origins of Agriculture in Eastern North America","authors":"Brett Parbus","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2022.2030013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2022.2030013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"142 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42265251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578x.2022.2052561
C. Dillian
{"title":"American Antiquities: Revisiting the Origins of American Archaeology","authors":"C. Dillian","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2022.2052561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2022.2052561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"143 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033449
Willet A. Boyer, Dennis B. Blanton, Gary M. Ellis, R. Marrinan, J. Mitchem, Marvin T. Smith, J. Worth
ABSTRACT The town of Potano, refenced in sixteenth-century and in early seventeenth-century Spanish accounts of the exploration and settlement of the Southeast, is one of the named sites associated with the Hernando de Soto entrada that possesses sufficient documentary and archaeological evidence that would allow for its firm identification. The Richardson site, 8AL100, has long been known as a site which has both an early seventeenth-century Spanish and a late precontact/early contact Native American component. We contend, based on the documentary and archaeological evidence, that the Richardson site is the location of the early contact and mission-period town of Potano, and that claims made concerning the White Ranch site, 8MR3538, cannot be substantiated or verified.
摘要波塔诺镇起源于16世纪和17世纪初西班牙对东南部勘探和定居的描述，是与Hernando de Soto entrada相关的命名遗址之一，拥有足够的文献和考古证据，可以确定其身份。理查德森遗址8AL100，长期以来一直被认为是一个既有17世纪早期西班牙语，也有晚期接触前/早期接触美洲原住民的遗址。根据文件和考古证据，我们认为理查森遗址是早期接触和任务时期城镇波塔诺的所在地，关于白牧场遗址8MR3538的说法无法得到证实或核实。
{"title":"“Then Potano”: Archaeological investigations at the Richardson and White Ranch sites in northern-central Florida","authors":"Willet A. Boyer, Dennis B. Blanton, Gary M. Ellis, R. Marrinan, J. Mitchem, Marvin T. Smith, J. Worth","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The town of Potano, refenced in sixteenth-century and in early seventeenth-century Spanish accounts of the exploration and settlement of the Southeast, is one of the named sites associated with the Hernando de Soto entrada that possesses sufficient documentary and archaeological evidence that would allow for its firm identification. The Richardson site, 8AL100, has long been known as a site which has both an early seventeenth-century Spanish and a late precontact/early contact Native American component. We contend, based on the documentary and archaeological evidence, that the Richardson site is the location of the early contact and mission-period town of Potano, and that claims made concerning the White Ranch site, 8MR3538, cannot be substantiated or verified.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"106 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48496810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033450
K. Sassaman, Emily R. Bartz
ABSTRACT Despite the ubiquity of charred hickory nutshell in archaeological contexts throughout the Eastern Woodlands, evidence for nut processing and storage is elusive and ambiguous. To the extent that hickory nuts factored prominently in Indigenous foodways – particularly as a storable resource – mass processing was possibly specialized at times and sited in places for that express purpose. One such place was Victor Mills (9CB138) in Columbia County, Georgia. Excavations at this site of Early Stallings activity (ca. 4350–4050 cal BP) revealed an assemblage of pits, fire-cracked rock, anvils, hammerstones, fiber-tempered pottery, and soapstone slabs indicative of large-scale nut storage and processing. Given the seasonal ecology of hickory production, visits to Victor Mills for harvesting and storing nuts took place in the fall, but also at other times of the year, when stores were tapped and nuts processed for transport to sites of habitation. Put into larger context, nut storage at Victor Mills fits the conditions for concealment as outlined by DeBoer ([1988] Subterranean Storage and the Organization of Surplus: The View from Eastern North America. Southeastern Archaeology 7:1–20), that subterranean stores were established in places subject to raiding when left unattended. Implications follow for the land-use patterns of Early Stallings communities and their relationship to neighbors upriver.
尽管烧焦的山核桃果壳在整个东部林地的考古环境中无处不在，但坚果加工和储存的证据却难以捉摸和模糊。从某种程度上说，山核桃在土著食物方式中占有重要地位——尤其是作为一种可储存的资源——大规模加工可能是专门的，并且是为了这个明确的目的而选址的。佐治亚州哥伦比亚县的维克多·米尔斯(Victor Mills)就是这样一个地方。在这个石器时代早期(约4350-4050 cal BP)的发掘中，发现了一个由坑、火裂岩、铁砧、锤石、纤维回火陶器和肥皂石板组成的组合，表明了大规模的坚果储存和加工。考虑到山核桃树生产的季节性生态，人们会在秋天去Victor Mills收割和储存坚果，但也会在一年中的其他时候去，那时商店会被打开，坚果会被加工好运往居住地。在更大的背景下，Victor Mills的坚果储存符合DeBoer([1988]地下储存和盈余组织:来自北美东部的观点)所概述的隐藏条件。《东南考古学》(Southeastern Archaeology) 7:1-20)认为，地下仓库建在无人看管时容易遭到袭击的地方。对早期斯托林斯社区的土地利用模式及其与上游邻居的关系的启示。
{"title":"Hickory nut storage and processing at the Victor Mills site (9CB138) and implications for Late Archaic land use in the middle Savannah River valley","authors":"K. Sassaman, Emily R. Bartz","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033450","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the ubiquity of charred hickory nutshell in archaeological contexts throughout the Eastern Woodlands, evidence for nut processing and storage is elusive and ambiguous. To the extent that hickory nuts factored prominently in Indigenous foodways – particularly as a storable resource – mass processing was possibly specialized at times and sited in places for that express purpose. One such place was Victor Mills (9CB138) in Columbia County, Georgia. Excavations at this site of Early Stallings activity (ca. 4350–4050 cal BP) revealed an assemblage of pits, fire-cracked rock, anvils, hammerstones, fiber-tempered pottery, and soapstone slabs indicative of large-scale nut storage and processing. Given the seasonal ecology of hickory production, visits to Victor Mills for harvesting and storing nuts took place in the fall, but also at other times of the year, when stores were tapped and nuts processed for transport to sites of habitation. Put into larger context, nut storage at Victor Mills fits the conditions for concealment as outlined by DeBoer ([1988] Subterranean Storage and the Organization of Surplus: The View from Eastern North America. Southeastern Archaeology 7:1–20), that subterranean stores were established in places subject to raiding when left unattended. Implications follow for the land-use patterns of Early Stallings communities and their relationship to neighbors upriver.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"79 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44326339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2036313
J. Blitz, D. Bodoh
ABSTRACT A previously unreported Depression-era excavation at the Walling II site on the Tennessee River, Alabama, revealed a context that may provide insight into Mississippian shamanic ritual. Mound A, a low earthen mound, was erected over the remains of a small circular structure, followed by the burial of a single person accompanied by a human effigy smoking pipe, human calvaria, and other unusual objects. We describe the sequence of events that produced Mound A and review the evidence that links this context to a Middle Mississippian fire-sun ceremonialism concerned with healing and death rites. We conclude that Mound A was erected to commemorate the location of a ceremonial facility and entomb the associated ritual practitioner who served the community.
{"title":"Commemoration of a Mississippian ceremonial structure and ritual practitioner at Walling II, Alabama","authors":"J. Blitz, D. Bodoh","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2036313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2036313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A previously unreported Depression-era excavation at the Walling II site on the Tennessee River, Alabama, revealed a context that may provide insight into Mississippian shamanic ritual. Mound A, a low earthen mound, was erected over the remains of a small circular structure, followed by the burial of a single person accompanied by a human effigy smoking pipe, human calvaria, and other unusual objects. We describe the sequence of events that produced Mound A and review the evidence that links this context to a Middle Mississippian fire-sun ceremonialism concerned with healing and death rites. We conclude that Mound A was erected to commemorate the location of a ceremonial facility and entomb the associated ritual practitioner who served the community.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"98 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2021.2023400
Matthew P. Rooney
{"title":"The Caddos and Their Ancestors: Archaeology and the Native People of Northwest Louisiana","authors":"Matthew P. Rooney","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2021.2023400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2021.2023400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"74 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42311381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2021.2021354
Matthew P. Rooney, Tara Skipton, Brad R. Lieb, Charles R. Cobb
ABSTRACT The Charity Hall mission school was one of dozens of Protestant missions established during the 1820s using federal funding provided by the Civilization Fund Act of 1819. These missions have received little attention from archaeologists due to their short lifespans and limited number. The archaeological investigations at Charity Hall, which was established within the Mississippi territory of the Chickasaw Nation, provide key insights into the materiality of evangelization in southeastern North America, particularly among various Southeastern Indigenous groups just prior to Removal in the 1830s. This research provides important insights into the efforts of nineteenth-century missionaries to impose “civilizing” practices on Southeastern Indians and what the Indigenous responses to those efforts were. The Charity Hall research project has involved a collaboration between archaeologists and the Chickasaw Nation, which enabled several Chickasaw college students to visit and work at the site where their ancestors were first introduced to Western-style education. This reconnecting experience helped in a small way to undo the damage inflicted on Native people by Removal.
{"title":"Archaeological investigations at the Charity Hall mission site (22MO733)","authors":"Matthew P. Rooney, Tara Skipton, Brad R. Lieb, Charles R. Cobb","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2021.2021354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2021.2021354","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Charity Hall mission school was one of dozens of Protestant missions established during the 1820s using federal funding provided by the Civilization Fund Act of 1819. These missions have received little attention from archaeologists due to their short lifespans and limited number. The archaeological investigations at Charity Hall, which was established within the Mississippi territory of the Chickasaw Nation, provide key insights into the materiality of evangelization in southeastern North America, particularly among various Southeastern Indigenous groups just prior to Removal in the 1830s. This research provides important insights into the efforts of nineteenth-century missionaries to impose “civilizing” practices on Southeastern Indians and what the Indigenous responses to those efforts were. The Charity Hall research project has involved a collaboration between archaeologists and the Chickasaw Nation, which enabled several Chickasaw college students to visit and work at the site where their ancestors were first introduced to Western-style education. This reconnecting experience helped in a small way to undo the damage inflicted on Native people by Removal.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"16 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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