Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2132191
T. Emerson
adjacent sugar factory. The archaeological evidence indicates the village was abandoned shortly after emancipation, although the village’s location remained marked on maps as late as 1871. Meniketti argues the inclusion of the long-deserted village on maps was part of the plantocracy’s efforts to uphold order in a landscape they no longer controlled. Meanwhile, Helen C. Blouet’s work (Chapter 9) considers how burial and commemorative practices of enslaved and free African members of the Moravian Church on St. John and Barbados changed with emancipation. On St. John, which boasts a long history of free African landownership, the family-centered practice of house yard burials remained a custom; while on Barbados, community-oriented churchyard burials increased in the postemancipation era as land ownership opportunities for free Barbadians remained scarce until the twentieth century. Life after the abolition of slavery is the subject of John C. Chenoweth and Khadene K. Harris’s chapters. Based on his examination of a nineteenth-century smallholder settlement on Great Camanoe Island in the British Virgin Islands, Chenoweth (Chapter 10) suggests that free African inhabitants worked to improve their pre-emanipation homestead by salvaging materials from a nearby abandoned planter’s residence, as well as the mindful recycling and reuse of objects with only limited supplement from local markets. In contrast to Chenoweth’s continuity of place model, Harris’ evidence from Dominica points to the opposite phenomenon, change (Chapter 11). At Bois Cotlette Estate, the emergence of sharecropping and tenancy resulted in archaeologically observable shifts away from communally organized residential patterns that existed under plantation slavery to individualized ones in the postemancipation era. With emancipation, Caribbean people also experienced increased mobility and new opportunities. Stephen T. Lenik and Zachary J. M. Beier (Chapter 12) explore the archaeological remains of British military regiments of African-Jamicans at Fort Rocky in Kingston Harbor, Jamaica between 1880 and 1945. While military architecture and material culture stressed homogeneity, the excavated material culture demonstrates how social boundaries could be tested in everyday practice. Finally, Kristin Fellows (Chapter 13) profiles a community of free African Americans who made the decision to migrate to Hispaniola beginning in 1824, and the challenges they faced in deciding if they should return to the United States after the end of the American Civil War. The volume concludes with remarks by Laurie Wilkie (Chapter 14) who draws on her own deep experience with plantation archaeology in both the Bahamas and the southeastern United States, to synthesize the preceding chapters and reflect on which “spaces in between” remain understudied. As with any edited volume, there are inevitable gaps. The book’s title implies an inclusive regional scale, and yet the chapters are overwhelmingly focused o
邻近的糖厂。考古证据表明，这个村庄在解放后不久就被遗弃了，尽管直到1871年，这个村庄的位置还在地图上有标记。梅尼科蒂认为，将这个长期被遗弃的村庄纳入地图，是植物统治国家在他们不再控制的土地上维持秩序的努力的一部分。同时，Helen C. Blouet的作品(第9章)考虑了摩拉维亚教会在圣约翰和巴巴多斯的被奴役和自由的非洲成员的葬礼和纪念活动是如何随着解放而改变的。圣约翰岛拥有悠久的非洲自由土地所有权历史，以家庭为中心的土葬仍然是一种习俗;而在巴巴多斯，以社区为导向的教堂墓地埋葬在解放后的时代有所增加，因为直到20世纪，自由的巴巴多斯人拥有土地的机会仍然很少。废除奴隶制后的生活是约翰·c·切诺维斯和哈德妮·k·哈里斯书中的主题。根据他对19世纪英属维尔京群岛大卡马诺岛上的一个小农定居点的考察，切诺维斯(第十章)认为，自由的非洲居民通过从附近一个废弃的种植园主的住所中回收材料，以及有意识地回收和再利用物品，只从当地市场获得有限的补充，来改善他们在解放前的家园。与切诺维斯的地方模型的连续性相反，哈里斯从多米尼克得到的证据指向了相反的现象——变化(第11章)。在Bois Cotlette庄园，佃农和租赁的出现导致了考古学上可观察到的从种植园奴隶制下存在的社区组织的居住模式到后解放时代的个性化居住模式的转变。随着解放，加勒比人民也经历了更大的流动性和新的机会。Stephen T. Lenik和Zachary J. M. Beier(第12章)探索了1880年至1945年间牙买加金斯敦港洛基堡的非裔牙买加人英国军队的考古遗迹。虽然军事建筑和物质文化强调同质性，但挖掘出来的物质文化展示了如何在日常实践中检验社会界限。最后，Kristin Fellows(第13章)描述了一个从1824年开始决定移民到伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的自由非裔美国人社区，以及他们在美国内战结束后决定是否应该返回美国时所面临的挑战。本书以Laurie Wilkie的评论(第14章)结束，她利用自己在巴哈马和美国东南部的种植园考古方面的深刻经验，综合了前面的章节，并反思了哪些“中间空间”仍未得到充分研究。与任何编辑过的书籍一样，书中难免存在空白。这本书的标题暗示了一个包容性的地区规模，但章节绝大多数集中在前英属加勒比地区。强调加勒比海英语国家以外正在进行的重要而有趣的考古研究的机会是一个错失的机会。尽管如此，编辑们的目的是概述与单一种植糖无关的考古研究，这是一项建设性的贡献，不仅对加勒比海的考古学家感兴趣，而且对那些在经济作物农业主导经济的邻近地区工作的考古学家也感兴趣，但“中间空间”在他们的学术关注中滞后。
{"title":"Mississippian Culture Heroes, Ritual Regalia, and Sacred Bundles","authors":"T. Emerson","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2132191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2132191","url":null,"abstract":"adjacent sugar factory. The archaeological evidence indicates the village was abandoned shortly after emancipation, although the village’s location remained marked on maps as late as 1871. Meniketti argues the inclusion of the long-deserted village on maps was part of the plantocracy’s efforts to uphold order in a landscape they no longer controlled. Meanwhile, Helen C. Blouet’s work (Chapter 9) considers how burial and commemorative practices of enslaved and free African members of the Moravian Church on St. John and Barbados changed with emancipation. On St. John, which boasts a long history of free African landownership, the family-centered practice of house yard burials remained a custom; while on Barbados, community-oriented churchyard burials increased in the postemancipation era as land ownership opportunities for free Barbadians remained scarce until the twentieth century. Life after the abolition of slavery is the subject of John C. Chenoweth and Khadene K. Harris’s chapters. Based on his examination of a nineteenth-century smallholder settlement on Great Camanoe Island in the British Virgin Islands, Chenoweth (Chapter 10) suggests that free African inhabitants worked to improve their pre-emanipation homestead by salvaging materials from a nearby abandoned planter’s residence, as well as the mindful recycling and reuse of objects with only limited supplement from local markets. In contrast to Chenoweth’s continuity of place model, Harris’ evidence from Dominica points to the opposite phenomenon, change (Chapter 11). At Bois Cotlette Estate, the emergence of sharecropping and tenancy resulted in archaeologically observable shifts away from communally organized residential patterns that existed under plantation slavery to individualized ones in the postemancipation era. With emancipation, Caribbean people also experienced increased mobility and new opportunities. Stephen T. Lenik and Zachary J. M. Beier (Chapter 12) explore the archaeological remains of British military regiments of African-Jamicans at Fort Rocky in Kingston Harbor, Jamaica between 1880 and 1945. While military architecture and material culture stressed homogeneity, the excavated material culture demonstrates how social boundaries could be tested in everyday practice. Finally, Kristin Fellows (Chapter 13) profiles a community of free African Americans who made the decision to migrate to Hispaniola beginning in 1824, and the challenges they faced in deciding if they should return to the United States after the end of the American Civil War. The volume concludes with remarks by Laurie Wilkie (Chapter 14) who draws on her own deep experience with plantation archaeology in both the Bahamas and the southeastern United States, to synthesize the preceding chapters and reflect on which “spaces in between” remain understudied. As with any edited volume, there are inevitable gaps. The book’s title implies an inclusive regional scale, and yet the chapters are overwhelmingly focused o","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"273 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43932234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2129352
Mark Kostro
are embedded in the book, directly building on the content. The Archaeology of Ancient Cities is of interest to those who want to gain a broad knowledge base of what constitutes a city by analyzing specific characteristics of urban life. The book is easy to read and provides details on each case study that paint a picture of city life in the past. Overall, this book is digestible for new archaeologists and lay people and can still be engaging for seasoned archaeologists looking to broaden their horizons.
{"title":"Archaeologies of Slavery and Freedom in the Caribbean: Exploring the Spaces in Between","authors":"Mark Kostro","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2129352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2129352","url":null,"abstract":"are embedded in the book, directly building on the content. The Archaeology of Ancient Cities is of interest to those who want to gain a broad knowledge base of what constitutes a city by analyzing specific characteristics of urban life. The book is easy to read and provides details on each case study that paint a picture of city life in the past. Overall, this book is digestible for new archaeologists and lay people and can still be engaging for seasoned archaeologists looking to broaden their horizons.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"272 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43340862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2134084
E. Reitz, Carol E. Colaninno, I. Quitmyer, Nicole R. Cannarozzi
ABSTRACT Data from Georgia’s (USA) coastal fishing communities demonstrate that life on the coast was neither simplistic nor unproductive. Evidence of multifaceted fisheries is found from ca. 2700 BC into the AD 1500s. We draw upon this record to survey fishing strategies and technologies, seasonal periodicity, residential mobility, and resource management before European-sponsored colonization. Flexibility, variability, and resilience in fishery practices were the norm in Georgia’s tidewater reaches throughout this lengthy period. These skilled fishers used many taxa characteristic of this rich, diverse estuarine ecosystem. Fishing strategies were not homogeneous among the communities studied, indicating local conditions and preferences guided residents at each location. Seasonal resources were not sufficiently critical for resource insecurity to make permanent coastal residence untenable. Focusing research on evidence for whether, or how, coastal communities managed their fisheries would be more productive than seeking foragers, collectors, or hunter-gatherers among these fishers.
{"title":"A 4,000-year record of multifaceted fisheries in the central Georgia Bight (USA)","authors":"E. Reitz, Carol E. Colaninno, I. Quitmyer, Nicole R. Cannarozzi","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2134084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2134084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Data from Georgia’s (USA) coastal fishing communities demonstrate that life on the coast was neither simplistic nor unproductive. Evidence of multifaceted fisheries is found from ca. 2700 BC into the AD 1500s. We draw upon this record to survey fishing strategies and technologies, seasonal periodicity, residential mobility, and resource management before European-sponsored colonization. Flexibility, variability, and resilience in fishery practices were the norm in Georgia’s tidewater reaches throughout this lengthy period. These skilled fishers used many taxa characteristic of this rich, diverse estuarine ecosystem. Fishing strategies were not homogeneous among the communities studied, indicating local conditions and preferences guided residents at each location. Seasonal resources were not sufficiently critical for resource insecurity to make permanent coastal residence untenable. Focusing research on evidence for whether, or how, coastal communities managed their fisheries would be more productive than seeking foragers, collectors, or hunter-gatherers among these fishers.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"253 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45151094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2132639
M. Franklin, Samuel M. Wilson, H. Matternes
ABSTRACT Biocultural studies have illuminated the roles of slavery, racism, and economic marginalization on the health outcomes of African diasporic populations. This paper highlights Black women as historical agents who, after slavery, exerted greater autonomy over their reproductive roles in childbirth and childcare. The paper’s objectives and interpretations are situated within Black feminists’ discourses on Black motherhood as both a site of subjugation and of empowerment. Raced and gendered oppression meant that Black women’s reproductive and productive demands were burdensome. Yet, Black women’s lower fertility rates over time indicate that many of them chose to bear fewer children following slavery, a decision that is partially implicated in their increased longevity. Further, there is bioarchaeological and historical evidence illustrating how Black mothering practices, including women’s social networks, benefited children’s well-being. Comparative data for the occurrence of linear enamel hypoplasias among enslaved and free Black populations suggest that post-emancipation women prolonged nursing, which helped children to survive chronic stress.
{"title":"Biocultural and intersectional analyses of Black motherwork and children in Georgia","authors":"M. Franklin, Samuel M. Wilson, H. Matternes","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2132639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2132639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biocultural studies have illuminated the roles of slavery, racism, and economic marginalization on the health outcomes of African diasporic populations. This paper highlights Black women as historical agents who, after slavery, exerted greater autonomy over their reproductive roles in childbirth and childcare. The paper’s objectives and interpretations are situated within Black feminists’ discourses on Black motherhood as both a site of subjugation and of empowerment. Raced and gendered oppression meant that Black women’s reproductive and productive demands were burdensome. Yet, Black women’s lower fertility rates over time indicate that many of them chose to bear fewer children following slavery, a decision that is partially implicated in their increased longevity. Further, there is bioarchaeological and historical evidence illustrating how Black mothering practices, including women’s social networks, benefited children’s well-being. Comparative data for the occurrence of linear enamel hypoplasias among enslaved and free Black populations suggest that post-emancipation women prolonged nursing, which helped children to survive chronic stress.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"216 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45939256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2119010
T. Emerson
ABSTRACT While large red stone figurines and pipes were occasionally discovered by early investigators, only recently were they recovered in secure archaeological context demonstrating them to be twelfth-century Cahokian productions geologically sourced to unique flint clay sources near St. Louis. A subset of these are female figures associated with fertility and renewal motifs. Examination of these female figures demonstrates that while they reference similar mythic beings, the figures hold very different positions in local religious and social infrastructure. At Cahokia they are part of a formalized religious cult that is key to that polity's assent while outside of Greater Cahokia, e.g., in the Caddo region, they appear as mortuary inclusions indicating they were inalienable possessions of certain individuals. Furthermore it can be proposed that these outlying figures, transformed to pipes, might have been part of medicine bundles maintained by female bundle keepers involved in curing. The archaeological evidence makes apparent that such religious objects cannot be simply glossed over in terms of their iconic homogeneity or ethnohistoric analogies but must be interpreted in terms of their roles in which they were embedded within the religious, social, and political life of local societies.
{"title":"Interpreting context and chronology of Cahokia-Caddo mythic female stone figures","authors":"T. Emerson","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2119010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2119010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While large red stone figurines and pipes were occasionally discovered by early investigators, only recently were they recovered in secure archaeological context demonstrating them to be twelfth-century Cahokian productions geologically sourced to unique flint clay sources near St. Louis. A subset of these are female figures associated with fertility and renewal motifs. Examination of these female figures demonstrates that while they reference similar mythic beings, the figures hold very different positions in local religious and social infrastructure. At Cahokia they are part of a formalized religious cult that is key to that polity's assent while outside of Greater Cahokia, e.g., in the Caddo region, they appear as mortuary inclusions indicating they were inalienable possessions of certain individuals. Furthermore it can be proposed that these outlying figures, transformed to pipes, might have been part of medicine bundles maintained by female bundle keepers involved in curing. The archaeological evidence makes apparent that such religious objects cannot be simply glossed over in terms of their iconic homogeneity or ethnohistoric analogies but must be interpreted in terms of their roles in which they were embedded within the religious, social, and political life of local societies.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"203 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46260988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.1080/0734578x.2022.2101510
Camila A. Cortina
{"title":"The Archaeology of Ancient Cities","authors":"Camila A. Cortina","doi":"10.1080/0734578x.2022.2101510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2022.2101510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"271 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43442841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2091504
R. Clay
ABSTRACT I suggest that all or most of the tightly flexed human burials in Middle Green River Archaic sites represent secondary interments which had been exposed for variable periods of time, a modification of general opinion. Because of this, their delayed burial in the large, impressive mortuary sites of the Middle Green River like Chiggerville, Indian Knoll, and Carlston Annis reflect potentially variable, contingent, historical acts of placement of the dead which are not transparent. These acts concern how Archaic societies symbolically constructed and maintained themselves through the actions of individuals and burial parties by preparing, transporting, and placing the remains of their dead. How we approach them reflects as well on how we reconstruct Archaic “histories” and the overall “History” of the Green River Archaic.
{"title":"Placing the dead on the Green River: a consideration of Archaic burial on the Middle Green River of Kentucky","authors":"R. Clay","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2091504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2091504","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT I suggest that all or most of the tightly flexed human burials in Middle Green River Archaic sites represent secondary interments which had been exposed for variable periods of time, a modification of general opinion. Because of this, their delayed burial in the large, impressive mortuary sites of the Middle Green River like Chiggerville, Indian Knoll, and Carlston Annis reflect potentially variable, contingent, historical acts of placement of the dead which are not transparent. These acts concern how Archaic societies symbolically constructed and maintained themselves through the actions of individuals and burial parties by preparing, transporting, and placing the remains of their dead. How we approach them reflects as well on how we reconstruct Archaic “histories” and the overall “History” of the Green River Archaic.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"171 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2086517
P. Rice, Neill J. Wallis
ABSTRACT The existing classification of Weeden Island pottery does not serve the needs of twenty-first-century archaeology and has long been in need of an overhaul. We propose that the type-variety classificatory system, used in the Southwestern US, the Maya region, and the Lower Mississippi valley, could be applied to Weeden Island ceramics. This robust hierarchical system classifies pottery into four nested units: varieties in types, types in ceramic groups, and groups in wares, ideally paste wares to facilitate incorporation of compositional data. In addition, higher-order units, ceramic system and ceramic sphere, are particularly useful for integrating the complexes of individual sites into larger regional syntheses, the basis for investigating intersite relations. We illustrate the classification, its principles and units, with hypothetical names of a subset of Weeden Island pottery from the McKeithen site in north Florida. Type-variety classification provides insights not only into the pottery from an individual site but also into that of a region (e.g., Weeden Island might be termed a ceramic sphere), and, most importantly, into the people who made and used the pottery.
{"title":"Thoughts on Weeden Island pottery classification: the type-variety system (again)","authors":"P. Rice, Neill J. Wallis","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2086517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2086517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The existing classification of Weeden Island pottery does not serve the needs of twenty-first-century archaeology and has long been in need of an overhaul. We propose that the type-variety classificatory system, used in the Southwestern US, the Maya region, and the Lower Mississippi valley, could be applied to Weeden Island ceramics. This robust hierarchical system classifies pottery into four nested units: varieties in types, types in ceramic groups, and groups in wares, ideally paste wares to facilitate incorporation of compositional data. In addition, higher-order units, ceramic system and ceramic sphere, are particularly useful for integrating the complexes of individual sites into larger regional syntheses, the basis for investigating intersite relations. We illustrate the classification, its principles and units, with hypothetical names of a subset of Weeden Island pottery from the McKeithen site in north Florida. Type-variety classification provides insights not only into the pottery from an individual site but also into that of a region (e.g., Weeden Island might be termed a ceramic sphere), and, most importantly, into the people who made and used the pottery.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"145 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2088663
T. Emerson
ABSTRACT Long-nosed god (LNG) maskettes and iconography have traditionally been seen as a pre-Southern Cult phenomena, placed variously in the tenth to thirteenth centuries. Researchers have suggested they were employed in political and religious interactions or to facilitate trade, but few have looked in detail at their chronology, context, and distribution. Here, an in-depth review of radiocarbon dates and context raises questions about the place of LNGs in midcontinental Native societies. This reassessment illustrates that LNG images do not predate the appearance of Caddo and Cahokian symbolic emergence and can be first securely documented in the late eleventh century. They clearly are objects that signify personal endowments and are inalienable, following that individual to the grave. Their context and distribution indicate that LNG icons are an integral part of the Caddo religious and political networks but are tangential at Cahokia and take on totally different contextual meanings to the north of Cahokia. This study demonstrates that proposing uniform explanations for LNG ideology and implementation does not correlate with the archaeological evidence. Future studies that account for regional variations in LNG chronology, context, and spatial distribution are needed to begin addressing the roles of these unique objects in Native societies.
{"title":"Evaluating the dating and context of long-nosed god maskettes and iconography in the American midcontinent","authors":"T. Emerson","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2088663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2088663","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Long-nosed god (LNG) maskettes and iconography have traditionally been seen as a pre-Southern Cult phenomena, placed variously in the tenth to thirteenth centuries. Researchers have suggested they were employed in political and religious interactions or to facilitate trade, but few have looked in detail at their chronology, context, and distribution. Here, an in-depth review of radiocarbon dates and context raises questions about the place of LNGs in midcontinental Native societies. This reassessment illustrates that LNG images do not predate the appearance of Caddo and Cahokian symbolic emergence and can be first securely documented in the late eleventh century. They clearly are objects that signify personal endowments and are inalienable, following that individual to the grave. Their context and distribution indicate that LNG icons are an integral part of the Caddo religious and political networks but are tangential at Cahokia and take on totally different contextual meanings to the north of Cahokia. This study demonstrates that proposing uniform explanations for LNG ideology and implementation does not correlate with the archaeological evidence. Future studies that account for regional variations in LNG chronology, context, and spatial distribution are needed to begin addressing the roles of these unique objects in Native societies.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"155 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45205484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0734578X.2022.2089320
M. Smith
faced by art history terminology. In terms of possible shortcomings of this book, I find it difficult to judge what is missing in terms of art history. However, as a Caribbeanist, I am troubled by the exclusion of Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and other islands off the northwestern coast of Venezuela from the text. Waldron argues that these islands were excluded due to having different artistic traditions, based on migration from the Middle, rather than Lower Orinoco region. Given that recent DNA studies throughout the Caribbean have seriously questioned existing migration theories, this exclusion may not be justifiable in the future. Fortunately, Waldron openly acknowledges this book as a preliminary effort, leaving the door open for future revisions. Waldron has managed to produce a sorely needed overview of current Pre-Columbian Caribbean archaeology in easily readable English, even if it is officially an art history text. The fact that this was achieved by someone from outside our field should act as a wake-up call, and perhaps motivate a change in scholarship production within the Pre-Columbian archaeology field, particularly with regards to moving on from discussions about Irving Rouse’s classification scheme, and controversies such as the Huecoid problem. Instead, more time should be spent filling in the increasingly obvious lacunae being unearthed by the closer scrutiny of archaeological data by our fellow Caribbeanists.
{"title":"Regional Settlement Demography in Archaeology","authors":"M. Smith","doi":"10.1080/0734578X.2022.2089320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0734578X.2022.2089320","url":null,"abstract":"faced by art history terminology. In terms of possible shortcomings of this book, I find it difficult to judge what is missing in terms of art history. However, as a Caribbeanist, I am troubled by the exclusion of Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and other islands off the northwestern coast of Venezuela from the text. Waldron argues that these islands were excluded due to having different artistic traditions, based on migration from the Middle, rather than Lower Orinoco region. Given that recent DNA studies throughout the Caribbean have seriously questioned existing migration theories, this exclusion may not be justifiable in the future. Fortunately, Waldron openly acknowledges this book as a preliminary effort, leaving the door open for future revisions. Waldron has managed to produce a sorely needed overview of current Pre-Columbian Caribbean archaeology in easily readable English, even if it is officially an art history text. The fact that this was achieved by someone from outside our field should act as a wake-up call, and perhaps motivate a change in scholarship production within the Pre-Columbian archaeology field, particularly with regards to moving on from discussions about Irving Rouse’s classification scheme, and controversies such as the Huecoid problem. Instead, more time should be spent filling in the increasingly obvious lacunae being unearthed by the closer scrutiny of archaeological data by our fellow Caribbeanists.","PeriodicalId":34945,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Archaeology","volume":"41 1","pages":"201 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48994319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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