Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402370
Yongkang Liu, R. Candell, M. Kashef, L. Benmohamed
Industrial wireless is increasingly developing to enhance data dissemination in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for leveraging the visibility, control, and safety in industrial environments. In this paper we propose a generic framework that enumerates physical and cyber factors in an IIoT use case that may impact the performance of wireless transmissions and challenge the design work. These factors are discussed in a conceptually tiered structure using domain knowledge from operational technology (OT) applications, data services, and information technology (IT) infrastructures. The correlations between intra- and inter-domain factors are also discussed in search of efficient wireless design solutions. Given the diversity and variety of IIoT practices, such a framework that identifies general and specific wireless requirements in individual use cases would be of high practical value to industrial wireless design and implementation.
{"title":"Dimensioning wireless use cases in Industrial Internet of Things","authors":"Yongkang Liu, R. Candell, M. Kashef, L. Benmohamed","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402370","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wireless is increasingly developing to enhance data dissemination in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for leveraging the visibility, control, and safety in industrial environments. In this paper we propose a generic framework that enumerates physical and cyber factors in an IIoT use case that may impact the performance of wireless transmissions and challenge the design work. These factors are discussed in a conceptually tiered structure using domain knowledge from operational technology (OT) applications, data services, and information technology (IT) infrastructures. The correlations between intra- and inter-domain factors are also discussed in search of efficient wireless design solutions. Given the diversity and variety of IIoT practices, such a framework that identifies general and specific wireless requirements in individual use cases would be of high practical value to industrial wireless design and implementation.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113979480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402345
Jingyue Cao, M. Ashjaei, P. Cuijpers, R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien
Ethernet TSN is an upcoming communication standard for industrial distributed embedded systems with high demands on bandwidth and traffic delay. In this paper, we present and prove an improved analysis to determine bandwidth reservations for credit based shapers in a single Ethernet TSN switch. We compare this new analysis, which is based on eligible intervals, to the state-of-the-art bandwidth reservation analysis based on busy periods through experiments. Despite its low complexity and the independence of the knowledge of the interfering traffic, the results show an improvement of efficiency, i.e., a decrease of the required bandwidth, for the new analysis.
{"title":"An independent yet efficient analysis of bandwidth reservation for credit-based shaping","authors":"Jingyue Cao, M. Ashjaei, P. Cuijpers, R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402345","url":null,"abstract":"Ethernet TSN is an upcoming communication standard for industrial distributed embedded systems with high demands on bandwidth and traffic delay. In this paper, we present and prove an improved analysis to determine bandwidth reservations for credit based shapers in a single Ethernet TSN switch. We compare this new analysis, which is based on eligible intervals, to the state-of-the-art bandwidth reservation analysis based on busy periods through experiments. Despite its low complexity and the independence of the knowledge of the interfering traffic, the results show an improvement of efficiency, i.e., a decrease of the required bandwidth, for the new analysis.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133428175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402361
Hoa Tran-Dang, Dong-Seong Kim
This paper proposes cooperative routing algorithms to improve the performance of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASNs). The combination of routing and cooperative transmission involve selecting simultaneously routing relays (RR) for forwarding data on routing paths and cooperative relays (CR) for one-hop cooperative communications. In this paper, sources that have data to transmit independently selects their own relays (i.e., both RR and CR) among their neighbors based on their link quality indicators (i.e., SNR, ToA) and their physical distances represented by hop count (HC) to the destination. Exploiting packet receiving or overhearing in the networks, these parameters are averaged and updated frequently to adapt to the unreliable and dynamic characteristics of acoustic channel over the time. By this way, them “best” relays with the “best” estimated measurements are selected reliably. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithms improves the network performance in terms of end-to-end delay, energy consumption and packet delivery ratio if compared to conventional non-cooperative routing schemes.
{"title":"Efficient relay selection algorithm for cooperative routing in underwater acoustic sensor networks","authors":"Hoa Tran-Dang, Dong-Seong Kim","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402361","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes cooperative routing algorithms to improve the performance of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW-ASNs). The combination of routing and cooperative transmission involve selecting simultaneously routing relays (RR) for forwarding data on routing paths and cooperative relays (CR) for one-hop cooperative communications. In this paper, sources that have data to transmit independently selects their own relays (i.e., both RR and CR) among their neighbors based on their link quality indicators (i.e., SNR, ToA) and their physical distances represented by hop count (HC) to the destination. Exploiting packet receiving or overhearing in the networks, these parameters are averaged and updated frequently to adapt to the unreliable and dynamic characteristics of acoustic channel over the time. By this way, them “best” relays with the “best” estimated measurements are selected reliably. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithms improves the network performance in terms of end-to-end delay, energy consumption and packet delivery ratio if compared to conventional non-cooperative routing schemes.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129244524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402357
Rafael Rocha, M. Albano, L. Ferreira, Flavio Relvas, L. Matos
Energy management in buildings can provide massive benefits in financial and energy saving terms. It is possible to optimize energy usage with smart grid techniques, where the benefits are enhanced when the energy consumer can trade the energy on energy markets, since it forces energy providers to compete with each other on the energy price. However, two hurdles oppose this approach: the devices providing control over appliances do not interoperate with each other; and energy markets limit trading activities to large quantities of energy, thus impeding access for small consumers. This work considers using the FlexOffer (FO) concept to allow the consumer to express its energy needs, and FO-related mechanisms to aggregate energy requests into quantities relevant for energy markets. Moreover, the presented system, named FlexHousing, is based on the Arrowhead Framework — a framework that simplifies design and implementation of distributed applications by means of normalizing communication via services — and exploits its Service Oriented mechanisms to provide device interoperability. The implemented FlexHousing system uses multi-level FO aggregation to empower either the final user, for example the owner of an apartment, to manage its own energy by defining their flexibilities, or to offload this responsibility to an energy manager who takes care of all the apartments in a building or set of buildings.
{"title":"The Arrowhead Framework applied to energy management","authors":"Rafael Rocha, M. Albano, L. Ferreira, Flavio Relvas, L. Matos","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402357","url":null,"abstract":"Energy management in buildings can provide massive benefits in financial and energy saving terms. It is possible to optimize energy usage with smart grid techniques, where the benefits are enhanced when the energy consumer can trade the energy on energy markets, since it forces energy providers to compete with each other on the energy price. However, two hurdles oppose this approach: the devices providing control over appliances do not interoperate with each other; and energy markets limit trading activities to large quantities of energy, thus impeding access for small consumers. This work considers using the FlexOffer (FO) concept to allow the consumer to express its energy needs, and FO-related mechanisms to aggregate energy requests into quantities relevant for energy markets. Moreover, the presented system, named FlexHousing, is based on the Arrowhead Framework — a framework that simplifies design and implementation of distributed applications by means of normalizing communication via services — and exploits its Service Oriented mechanisms to provide device interoperability. The implemented FlexHousing system uses multi-level FO aggregation to empower either the final user, for example the owner of an apartment, to manage its own energy by defining their flexibilities, or to offload this responsibility to an energy manager who takes care of all the apartments in a building or set of buildings.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"7 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124609797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402347
Naoto Hagino, Masaaki Yamamoto, T. Yakoh
Processes of network-based control system require accurate timing control of frame transmission. A special network interface card (NIC) was proposed and implemented to adjust the timing accurately based on a dual queue structure and precise time synchronization mechanism in this paper. A high resolution measurement tool for frame transmission latency was also developed to validate the implementation. The measured results verified that the proposed NIC achieved the latency shorter than 790 ns and the deviation of it less than 49 ns while a commercial off-the-shelf NIC showed the latency longer than 9700 ns and the deviation of it more than 300 ns.
{"title":"Frame transmission time control for TDMA-based ethernet","authors":"Naoto Hagino, Masaaki Yamamoto, T. Yakoh","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402347","url":null,"abstract":"Processes of network-based control system require accurate timing control of frame transmission. A special network interface card (NIC) was proposed and implemented to adjust the timing accurately based on a dual queue structure and precise time synchronization mechanism in this paper. A high resolution measurement tool for frame transmission latency was also developed to validate the implementation. The measured results verified that the proposed NIC achieved the latency shorter than 790 ns and the deviation of it less than 49 ns while a commercial off-the-shelf NIC showed the latency longer than 9700 ns and the deviation of it more than 300 ns.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"479 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402373
Arne Neumann, Lukasz Wisniewski, R. S. Ganesan, P. Rost, J. Jasperneite
In contrast to the predecessors, the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) will particularly address communication in production systems by providing machine-type communication and matching requirements regarding reliability and latency. However, 3GPP 5G will not be the one and only network technology that can be used to fulfill all the requirements raising from industrial applications at reasonable costs. It is more likely, that it complements other wired and wireless technologies, rather than replacing them. This paper presents different scenarios to combine 5G and Industrial Ethernet to a hybrid topology, it explains the characteristics and possible use cases for these scenarios and it sketches approaches to engineer and configure the hybrid network.
{"title":"Towards integration of Industrial Ethernet with 5G mobile networks","authors":"Arne Neumann, Lukasz Wisniewski, R. S. Ganesan, P. Rost, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402373","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the predecessors, the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) will particularly address communication in production systems by providing machine-type communication and matching requirements regarding reliability and latency. However, 3GPP 5G will not be the one and only network technology that can be used to fulfill all the requirements raising from industrial applications at reasonable costs. It is more likely, that it complements other wired and wireless technologies, rather than replacing them. This paper presents different scenarios to combine 5G and Industrial Ethernet to a hybrid topology, it explains the characteristics and possible use cases for these scenarios and it sketches approaches to engineer and configure the hybrid network.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"679 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116952308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402381
Philipp Raich, W. Kastner
In the recent past, the emergence of IPv6 capable low-power mesh networks has put the visions of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) right at the doorstep. In particular, 6LoWPAN has shown to be a promising foundation for a general purpose, IPv6 capable, low-power network stack, and has since seen broad adoption. While several aspects of the underlying technologies are steadily advancing, adequate multicast routing has been an ongoing issue. A steady stream of potential improvements has been proposed, most of which trying to alleviate shortcomings in Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), the predominantly used routing protocol. In this paper, we summarize the current state of (multicast) routing in 6LoWPAN, known issues and recent proposals for improvements, and argue for alternatives/extensions and their drawbacks and potential benefits.
{"title":"The need for efficient multicast routing in low-power IPv6 mesh networks","authors":"Philipp Raich, W. Kastner","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402381","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, the emergence of IPv6 capable low-power mesh networks has put the visions of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) right at the doorstep. In particular, 6LoWPAN has shown to be a promising foundation for a general purpose, IPv6 capable, low-power network stack, and has since seen broad adoption. While several aspects of the underlying technologies are steadily advancing, adequate multicast routing has been an ongoing issue. A steady stream of potential improvements has been proposed, most of which trying to alleviate shortcomings in Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), the predominantly used routing protocol. In this paper, we summarize the current state of (multicast) routing in 6LoWPAN, known issues and recent proposals for improvements, and argue for alternatives/extensions and their drawbacks and potential benefits.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129376692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402360
Eusebiu Jecan, C. Pop, Z. Padrah, Ovidiu Ratiu, E. Puschita
The scope of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a dual-standard, ISA100.11a and WirelessHART, industrial Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) testbed targeting the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The originality of this paper consists in the evaluation of ISA100.11a and WirelessHART network performance not only side-by-side, but also within a dual-standard architecture. All test scenarios were performed on a real testbed comprising one Dual-Standard VR950 Gateway and 100 VS210 wireless field sensors configured in star and mesh network topologies. The key performance indicators considered are network join time, sensor data publishing success rate and Client/Server interrogations response time. Besides the enhancements provided by a multi-radio access system, the results of this work indicate that a dual-standard solution merges the standalone advantages into an overall better performing Industrial WSN.
{"title":"A dual-standard solution for industrial Wireless Sensor Network deployment: Experimental testbed and performance evaluation","authors":"Eusebiu Jecan, C. Pop, Z. Padrah, Ovidiu Ratiu, E. Puschita","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402360","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a dual-standard, ISA100.11a and WirelessHART, industrial Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) testbed targeting the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The originality of this paper consists in the evaluation of ISA100.11a and WirelessHART network performance not only side-by-side, but also within a dual-standard architecture. All test scenarios were performed on a real testbed comprising one Dual-Standard VR950 Gateway and 100 VS210 wireless field sensors configured in star and mesh network topologies. The key performance indicators considered are network join time, sensor data publishing success rate and Client/Server interrogations response time. Besides the enhancements provided by a multi-radio access system, the results of this work indicate that a dual-standard solution merges the standalone advantages into an overall better performing Industrial WSN.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129174200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402358
Óscar Seijo, Zaloa Fernández, I. Val, J. A. López-Fernández
Industrial communications have very challenging requirements, especially in Factory Automation (FA) scenarios. Some of these requirements are: packet deadline bounds, high reliability, low transmission jitter, and communication determinism. Wireless communications solutions offer significant advantages over wired solutions: lower costs, faster and seamless deployment, higher flexibility and scalability, and free movement of the systems communicated wirelessly. However, standard wireless technologies do not provide enough performance to satisfy all of the industrial communications requirements in most cases and, therefore, wired solutions cannot be directly replaced by wireless solutions. In this work, we present SHARP (Synchronous and Hybrid Architecture for Real-time Performance in IWSAN), a novel hybrid architecture specially designed for industrial automation, where Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) are required. This paper is mainly focused on the wireless segment of SHARP, a wireless architecture that includes a physical layer based on 802.11g along with a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to ensure communication determinism, while maintaining backward compatibility with 802.11. Wireless SHARP segment behavior and its performance are evaluated through OMNeT++ simulations.
{"title":"SHARP: A novel hybrid architecture for industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks","authors":"Óscar Seijo, Zaloa Fernández, I. Val, J. A. López-Fernández","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402358","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial communications have very challenging requirements, especially in Factory Automation (FA) scenarios. Some of these requirements are: packet deadline bounds, high reliability, low transmission jitter, and communication determinism. Wireless communications solutions offer significant advantages over wired solutions: lower costs, faster and seamless deployment, higher flexibility and scalability, and free movement of the systems communicated wirelessly. However, standard wireless technologies do not provide enough performance to satisfy all of the industrial communications requirements in most cases and, therefore, wired solutions cannot be directly replaced by wireless solutions. In this work, we present SHARP (Synchronous and Hybrid Architecture for Real-time Performance in IWSAN), a novel hybrid architecture specially designed for industrial automation, where Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) are required. This paper is mainly focused on the wireless segment of SHARP, a wireless architecture that includes a physical layer based on 802.11g along with a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to ensure communication determinism, while maintaining backward compatibility with 802.11. Wireless SHARP segment behavior and its performance are evaluated through OMNeT++ simulations.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114193768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402354
M. Elattar, Maxim Friesen, D. Henneke, J. Jasperneite
The Internet represents a cost-effective solution to realize the communications for Cyber-physical Systems (CPSs) that span large geographical areas. However, the reliability of today's Internet is inadequate to support, for example, smart grid applications with reliability requirements of 99–99.9999%. Therefore, the Reliable Multipath Communication for Internet-based CPSs (RC4CPS) approach was proposed. Unlike previous works, it supports such demanding applications. Nevertheless, it still lacks a protocol implementation to utilize it. Existing multipath protocols for the Internet such as Multipath TCP cannot be utilized directly for such applications. This is due to a number of reasons including the throughput-oriented nature of the protocols. In this paper, RC4CPS is integrated into the Parallel Redundancy Protocol for IP Networks (iPRP) to develop an easy-to-deploy reliability-oriented multipath protocol for Internet-based CPSs. The resulting protocol, called iPRP-RC4CPS, extends the original iPRP implementation to be used in the Internet and provides a dynamic multipath selection to cope with the varying nature of Internet paths. The obtained results show that iPRP-RC4CPS maintained 100% reliability during the evaluation interval.
{"title":"Reliability-oriented multipath communication for internet-based cyber-physical systems","authors":"M. Elattar, Maxim Friesen, D. Henneke, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402354","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet represents a cost-effective solution to realize the communications for Cyber-physical Systems (CPSs) that span large geographical areas. However, the reliability of today's Internet is inadequate to support, for example, smart grid applications with reliability requirements of 99–99.9999%. Therefore, the Reliable Multipath Communication for Internet-based CPSs (RC4CPS) approach was proposed. Unlike previous works, it supports such demanding applications. Nevertheless, it still lacks a protocol implementation to utilize it. Existing multipath protocols for the Internet such as Multipath TCP cannot be utilized directly for such applications. This is due to a number of reasons including the throughput-oriented nature of the protocols. In this paper, RC4CPS is integrated into the Parallel Redundancy Protocol for IP Networks (iPRP) to develop an easy-to-deploy reliability-oriented multipath protocol for Internet-based CPSs. The resulting protocol, called iPRP-RC4CPS, extends the original iPRP implementation to be used in the Internet and provides a dynamic multipath selection to cope with the varying nature of Internet paths. The obtained results show that iPRP-RC4CPS maintained 100% reliability during the evaluation interval.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128172833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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