Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402382
I. Satoh
Delivery robots are widely used to carry products in factories and warehouses. While working, they are often communicate with equipment, including stationary servers by using their wireless local-area networks. The correctness of software running on such robots depend on external services provided from networks in their current locations. To test such software, we need to execute it within the network domains of the locations that the robots may move to, because some services are available in the domains, e.g., service discovery protocols. To solve this problem, we present a framework for emulating the physical mobility of computers, e.g., transport robots, by the logical mobility of software designed for running on computers. It enables software to run within target local networks so that the software can connect to the services or protocols available within the network domains.
{"title":"An approach for testing software on networked transport robots","authors":"I. Satoh","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402382","url":null,"abstract":"Delivery robots are widely used to carry products in factories and warehouses. While working, they are often communicate with equipment, including stationary servers by using their wireless local-area networks. The correctness of software running on such robots depend on external services provided from networks in their current locations. To test such software, we need to execute it within the network domains of the locations that the robots may move to, because some services are available in the domains, e.g., service discovery protocols. To solve this problem, we present a framework for emulating the physical mobility of computers, e.g., transport robots, by the logical mobility of software designed for running on computers. It enables software to run within target local networks so that the software can connect to the services or protocols available within the network domains.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132853448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402340
G. Cena, S. Scanzio, L. Seno, A. Valenzano
Distributed (networked) control systems where data exchanges have to satisfy real-time constraints could advantageously use centralized Medium Access Control schemes implementing priority-based scheduling strategies borrowed from the operating system domain. When considering lossy channels, as in the case of wireless networks, Automatic Repeat reQuest mechanisms are needed to ensure the required levels of reliability. As retransmissions impact on bandwidth consumption and introduce latency, adequate tradeoffs between reliability and timeliness have to be determined. Some solutions have been proposed in the recent past, aimed at helping designers in finding the best compromise under given system requirements. In this paper, we generalize them as a class of Deadline-Constrained Repeat reQuest mechanisms. Lower and upper bounds on the probability of delivering data successfully (i.e., correctly and timely), in spite of transmission errors, are computed for the entire class, under specific channel conditions. These results may help designers in assessing the advantages of each solution.
{"title":"Deadline-Constrained Repeat reQuest mechanisms for wireless communication channels","authors":"G. Cena, S. Scanzio, L. Seno, A. Valenzano","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402340","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed (networked) control systems where data exchanges have to satisfy real-time constraints could advantageously use centralized Medium Access Control schemes implementing priority-based scheduling strategies borrowed from the operating system domain. When considering lossy channels, as in the case of wireless networks, Automatic Repeat reQuest mechanisms are needed to ensure the required levels of reliability. As retransmissions impact on bandwidth consumption and introduce latency, adequate tradeoffs between reliability and timeliness have to be determined. Some solutions have been proposed in the recent past, aimed at helping designers in finding the best compromise under given system requirements. In this paper, we generalize them as a class of Deadline-Constrained Repeat reQuest mechanisms. Lower and upper bounds on the probability of delivering data successfully (i.e., correctly and timely), in spite of transmission errors, are computed for the entire class, under specific channel conditions. These results may help designers in assessing the advantages of each solution.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133542739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402364
Mohammad Ghazivakili, C. Demartini, C. Zunino
Industrial Communication Systems have become an increasingly essential part of factory automation, motion control, networked control systems. New and real-time capable solutions are required to support the always more present Industry 4.0 paradigm: for both local and wide area networks. At the same time, standardization has also started moving in this direction: in particular, for future open and dynamic system architectures, promising activities based on OPC-UA are serious attempt to satisfy stricter requirements for interoperability and information modeling with hard real-time needs. For these reasons, in this paper the development of an OPC-UA based architecture is described: the main target is to build a “collector” able to collect data from the shop-floor and convert them in the OPC-UA standard for an agile and effective vertical integration. The subsequent analysis carried out on the testbed mainly focuses on the performance evaluation of the method. To achieve high-performance data transmission in a fair environment, a parallel communication mechanism has been proposed.
{"title":"Industrial data-collector by enabling OPC-UA standard for Industry 4.0","authors":"Mohammad Ghazivakili, C. Demartini, C. Zunino","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402364","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial Communication Systems have become an increasingly essential part of factory automation, motion control, networked control systems. New and real-time capable solutions are required to support the always more present Industry 4.0 paradigm: for both local and wide area networks. At the same time, standardization has also started moving in this direction: in particular, for future open and dynamic system architectures, promising activities based on OPC-UA are serious attempt to satisfy stricter requirements for interoperability and information modeling with hard real-time needs. For these reasons, in this paper the development of an OPC-UA based architecture is described: the main target is to build a “collector” able to collect data from the shop-floor and convert them in the OPC-UA standard for an agile and effective vertical integration. The subsequent analysis carried out on the testbed mainly focuses on the performance evaluation of the method. To achieve high-performance data transmission in a fair environment, a parallel communication mechanism has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133555535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402386
D. Henneke, Alex Brozmann, Lukasz Wisniewski, J. Jasperneite
The discovery process of OPC Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) is well defined but lacks flexibility when implemented in large networks. While the standard provides concepts for local and global discovery services, the core assumption is that all clients and servers are aware of the discovery server(s) in the network. This dependency is a barrier for Plug-and-Play installations and is overcome by self announces via the multicast Domain Name System (mDNS), however, this scales badly with an increasing number of network nodes and deployed servers. We propose a discovery approach based on Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), that installs a plug-and-play mechanism for global OPC-UA discovery in modern virtualized networks.
{"title":"Leveraging OPC-UA discovery by software-defined networking and network function virtualization","authors":"D. Henneke, Alex Brozmann, Lukasz Wisniewski, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402386","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery process of OPC Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) is well defined but lacks flexibility when implemented in large networks. While the standard provides concepts for local and global discovery services, the core assumption is that all clients and servers are aware of the discovery server(s) in the network. This dependency is a barrier for Plug-and-Play installations and is overcome by self announces via the multicast Domain Name System (mDNS), however, this scales badly with an increasing number of network nodes and deployed servers. We propose a discovery approach based on Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), that installs a plug-and-play mechanism for global OPC-UA discovery in modern virtualized networks.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114013181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402378
Adegboyega Ogundokun, P. Zavarsky, Bobby Swar
Cybersecurity assurance plays an important role in managing trust in smart grid communication systems. In this paper, cybersecurity assurance controls for smart grid communication networks and devices are delineated from the more technical functional controls to provide insights on recent innovative risk-based approaches to cybersecurity assurance in smart grid systems. The cybersecurity assurance control baselining presented in this paper is based on requirements and guidelines of the new family of IEC 62443 standards on network and systems security of industrial automation and control systems. The paper illustrates how key cybersecurity control baselining and tailoring concepts of the U.S. NIST SP 800-53 can be adopted in smart grid security architecture. The paper outlines the application of IEC 62443 standards-based security zoning and assignment of security levels to the zones in smart grid system architectures. To manage trust in the smart grid system architecture, cybersecurity assurance base lining concepts are applied per security impact levels. Selection and justification of security assurance controls presented in the paper is utilizing the approach common in Security Technical Implementation Guides (STIGs) of the U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency. As shown in the paper, enhanced granularity for managing trust both on the overall system and subsystem levels of smart grid systems can be achieved by implementation of the instructions of the CNSSI 1253 of the U.S. Committee of National Security Systems on security categorization and control selection for national security systems.
{"title":"Cybersecurity assurance control baselining for smart grid communication systems","authors":"Adegboyega Ogundokun, P. Zavarsky, Bobby Swar","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402378","url":null,"abstract":"Cybersecurity assurance plays an important role in managing trust in smart grid communication systems. In this paper, cybersecurity assurance controls for smart grid communication networks and devices are delineated from the more technical functional controls to provide insights on recent innovative risk-based approaches to cybersecurity assurance in smart grid systems. The cybersecurity assurance control baselining presented in this paper is based on requirements and guidelines of the new family of IEC 62443 standards on network and systems security of industrial automation and control systems. The paper illustrates how key cybersecurity control baselining and tailoring concepts of the U.S. NIST SP 800-53 can be adopted in smart grid security architecture. The paper outlines the application of IEC 62443 standards-based security zoning and assignment of security levels to the zones in smart grid system architectures. To manage trust in the smart grid system architecture, cybersecurity assurance base lining concepts are applied per security impact levels. Selection and justification of security assurance controls presented in the paper is utilizing the approach common in Security Technical Implementation Guides (STIGs) of the U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency. As shown in the paper, enhanced granularity for managing trust both on the overall system and subsystem levels of smart grid systems can be achieved by implementation of the instructions of the CNSSI 1253 of the U.S. Committee of National Security Systems on security categorization and control selection for national security systems.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126997720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402376
Zifan Zhou, Ying Yan, M. Berger, S. Ruepp
Time Sensitive Network (TSN) is an attractive solution for time-critical frame transmission in data link layer. Traffic scheduling and shaping in TSN aim to achieve bounded low latency and zero congestion loss. TSN provides traditional frame switching with reliable Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters, however, synchronization challenges, e.g. jitter, lost timing frames, clock inaccuracy, threaten the reliability of TSN network. Emerging Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) guarantees determinism for real-time applications, e.g. automotive and industrial control, while removing the dependence on synchronous communication. This paper focuses on performance evaluation of the recently proposed ATS amendment to the IEEE 802.1 standard, two approaches are discussed: Urgency-Based Scheduler (UBS) and Paternoster policing and scheduling. Models and simulations are carried out for evaluation and comparison. Statistics on the end-to-end delay, buffer usage and frame loss rate are collected to assess the scheduling performance. Results show that ATS achieves effective traffic shaping and switching without synchronous mechanisms, while there is an evident trade-off for using these specific algorithms.
{"title":"Analysis and modeling of asynchronous traffic shaping in time sensitive networks","authors":"Zifan Zhou, Ying Yan, M. Berger, S. Ruepp","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402376","url":null,"abstract":"Time Sensitive Network (TSN) is an attractive solution for time-critical frame transmission in data link layer. Traffic scheduling and shaping in TSN aim to achieve bounded low latency and zero congestion loss. TSN provides traditional frame switching with reliable Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters, however, synchronization challenges, e.g. jitter, lost timing frames, clock inaccuracy, threaten the reliability of TSN network. Emerging Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) guarantees determinism for real-time applications, e.g. automotive and industrial control, while removing the dependence on synchronous communication. This paper focuses on performance evaluation of the recently proposed ATS amendment to the IEEE 802.1 standard, two approaches are discussed: Urgency-Based Scheduler (UBS) and Paternoster policing and scheduling. Models and simulations are carried out for evaluation and comparison. Statistics on the end-to-end delay, buffer usage and frame loss rate are collected to assess the scheduling performance. Results show that ATS achieves effective traffic shaping and switching without synchronous mechanisms, while there is an evident trade-off for using these specific algorithms.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402362
Marcelo V. García, E. Irisarri, F. Pérez, M. Marcos, Elisabet Estévez-Estévez
In the era of Industry 4.0, fast-growing requirements for an agile and effective vertical integration are challenging the smart manufacturing. Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS) technology plays a key role in the Industry 4.0 factory. One of the reasons for this is that shop floor data collection, monitoring and processing are enabled by CPPS devices together with IEC 61499 standard. To this end modeling and developing software and hardware components focused on distributed control systems are provided. This improvement in data monitoring and processing results not only in an optimization of equipment predictive maintenance but also in the ability to integrate new control techniques. This approach provides the Oil&Gas industry with the foundation to transform their traditional production fields into Intelligent Oil Field (IOF) environments. The aim of this paper is to build bridges between the state of technology and the design of industrial control applications. In particular, a CPPS platform developed through a software engineering tool giving support to the design of applications is proposed. It is based on the IEC 61499 and on a configurable OPC-UA server that maps field device data into an ISA95/88-based information model. Thus, this proposal will not only save Oil&Gas engineer time, it also will save efforts of adopting this promising technology.
{"title":"From ISA 88/95 meta-models to an OPC UA-based development tool for CPPS under IEC 61499","authors":"Marcelo V. García, E. Irisarri, F. Pérez, M. Marcos, Elisabet Estévez-Estévez","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402362","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of Industry 4.0, fast-growing requirements for an agile and effective vertical integration are challenging the smart manufacturing. Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS) technology plays a key role in the Industry 4.0 factory. One of the reasons for this is that shop floor data collection, monitoring and processing are enabled by CPPS devices together with IEC 61499 standard. To this end modeling and developing software and hardware components focused on distributed control systems are provided. This improvement in data monitoring and processing results not only in an optimization of equipment predictive maintenance but also in the ability to integrate new control techniques. This approach provides the Oil&Gas industry with the foundation to transform their traditional production fields into Intelligent Oil Field (IOF) environments. The aim of this paper is to build bridges between the state of technology and the design of industrial control applications. In particular, a CPPS platform developed through a software engineering tool giving support to the design of applications is proposed. It is based on the IEC 61499 and on a configurable OPC-UA server that maps field device data into an ISA95/88-based information model. Thus, this proposal will not only save Oil&Gas engineer time, it also will save efforts of adopting this promising technology.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134086587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402359
M. Kashef, N. Moayeri
The flexibility of wireless networks, and the need for more data to be transferred in modern industries have motivated the industrial wireless communications. Strict industrial requirements including the time-sensitive delivery of data have led to developing appropriate wireless technologies to satisfy these requirements. Various industrial wireless protocols employ Time division multiple access (TDMA) because of preventing data collision between various transmissions and the easiness of employment. In this work, we study the scheduling problem of multiple wireless data flows for industrial applications. The data flows have random strict deadlines following a given probability distribution. In modern industries, these flows may be sensing data routed from a sensor to the controller or control commands directed from the controller to an actuator. A randomized frame-based scheduling scheme is analyzed where each time slot in the frame is assigned to a data flow randomly. We derive a method to calculate the average number of packets missing their deadlines per frame that can be used for flow admission control or optimization of the scheduling algorithm. Finally, we study the effects of various system parameters on the ratio of the average number of packets missing their deadlines to the average total number of packets generated.
{"title":"Random-deadline missing probability analysis for wireless communications in industrial environments","authors":"M. Kashef, N. Moayeri","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402359","url":null,"abstract":"The flexibility of wireless networks, and the need for more data to be transferred in modern industries have motivated the industrial wireless communications. Strict industrial requirements including the time-sensitive delivery of data have led to developing appropriate wireless technologies to satisfy these requirements. Various industrial wireless protocols employ Time division multiple access (TDMA) because of preventing data collision between various transmissions and the easiness of employment. In this work, we study the scheduling problem of multiple wireless data flows for industrial applications. The data flows have random strict deadlines following a given probability distribution. In modern industries, these flows may be sensing data routed from a sensor to the controller or control commands directed from the controller to an actuator. A randomized frame-based scheduling scheme is analyzed where each time slot in the frame is assigned to a data flow randomly. We derive a method to calculate the average number of packets missing their deadlines per frame that can be used for flow admission control or optimization of the scheduling algorithm. Finally, we study the effects of various system parameters on the ratio of the average number of packets missing their deadlines to the average total number of packets generated.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131753450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402379
Thomas Muller, H. D. Doran
PROFINET is a widely adopted, real-time capable Industrial Ethernet standard, that as other automation system technologies, is subject to an increasing level of vertical integration into company's existing IT infrastructure. This integration exposes automation systems to well-known cyber attacks, which leads to a growing need for suitable security solutions. The challenge in protecting PROFINET automation systems is ensuring the suitability of solutions for use with minimal PROFINET cycle times of 250 μs needed to fulfill high-speed motion control market expectations. We develop a prototype of a transparent security switch, designed to apply protection mechanisms on-the-fly. We use this platform to test an initial implementation of a protection system, present preliminary results and further work.
{"title":"Protecting PROFINET cyclic real-time traffic: A performance evaluation and verification platform","authors":"Thomas Muller, H. D. Doran","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402379","url":null,"abstract":"PROFINET is a widely adopted, real-time capable Industrial Ethernet standard, that as other automation system technologies, is subject to an increasing level of vertical integration into company's existing IT infrastructure. This integration exposes automation systems to well-known cyber attacks, which leads to a growing need for suitable security solutions. The challenge in protecting PROFINET automation systems is ensuring the suitability of solutions for use with minimal PROFINET cycle times of 250 μs needed to fulfill high-speed motion control market expectations. We develop a prototype of a transparent security switch, designed to apply protection mechanisms on-the-fly. We use this platform to test an initial implementation of a protection system, present preliminary results and further work.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128192575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402342
G. Cena, S. Scanzio, A. Valenzano
A fundamental role in clock synchronization protocols is played by clock discipline algorithms, which achieve more accurate regulation of nodes clocks, by improving stability against timestamp errors, operating system latencies, and environmental phenomena like temperature variations. In this paper, the NN-CDA clock discipline algorithm, which relies on neural networks, was implemented and its performance assessed using experimental data acquired from a real testbed. Results highlight that NN-CDA offers many advantages over conventional approaches, like those relying on linear regression, the most important of which are higher robustness to temperature variations and better synchronization quality.
{"title":"A neural network clock discipline algorithm for the RBIS clock synchronization protocol","authors":"G. Cena, S. Scanzio, A. Valenzano","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402342","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental role in clock synchronization protocols is played by clock discipline algorithms, which achieve more accurate regulation of nodes clocks, by improving stability against timestamp errors, operating system latencies, and environmental phenomena like temperature variations. In this paper, the NN-CDA clock discipline algorithm, which relies on neural networks, was implemented and its performance assessed using experimental data acquired from a real testbed. Results highlight that NN-CDA offers many advantages over conventional approaches, like those relying on linear regression, the most important of which are higher robustness to temperature variations and better synchronization quality.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124905297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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