Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402338
Thomas Muller, Andreas Walz, Manuel Kiefer, H. D. Doran, A. Sikora
Real-Time Ethernet has become the major communication technology for modern automation and industrial control systems. On the one hand, this trend increases the need for an automation-friendly security solution, as such networks can no longer be considered sufficiently isolated. On the other hand, it shows that, despite diverging requirements, the domain of Operational Technology (OT) can derive advantage from high-volume technology of the Information Technology (IT) domain. Based on these two sides of the same coin, we study the challenges and prospects of approaches to communication security in real-time Ethernet automation systems. In order to capitalize the expertise aggregated in decades of research and development, we put a special focus on the reuse of well-established security technology from the IT domain. We argue that enhancing such technology to become automation-friendly is likely to result in more robust and secure designs than greenfield designs. Because of its widespread deployment and the (to this date) nonexistence of a consistent security architecture, we use PROFINET as a showcase of our considerations. Security requirements for this technology are defined and different well-known solutions are examined according their suitability for PROFINET. Based on these findings, we elaborate the necessary adaptions for the deployment on PROFINET.
{"title":"Challenges and prospects of communication security in real-time ethernet automation systems","authors":"Thomas Muller, Andreas Walz, Manuel Kiefer, H. D. Doran, A. Sikora","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402338","url":null,"abstract":"Real-Time Ethernet has become the major communication technology for modern automation and industrial control systems. On the one hand, this trend increases the need for an automation-friendly security solution, as such networks can no longer be considered sufficiently isolated. On the other hand, it shows that, despite diverging requirements, the domain of Operational Technology (OT) can derive advantage from high-volume technology of the Information Technology (IT) domain. Based on these two sides of the same coin, we study the challenges and prospects of approaches to communication security in real-time Ethernet automation systems. In order to capitalize the expertise aggregated in decades of research and development, we put a special focus on the reuse of well-established security technology from the IT domain. We argue that enhancing such technology to become automation-friendly is likely to result in more robust and secure designs than greenfield designs. Because of its widespread deployment and the (to this date) nonexistence of a consistent security architecture, we use PROFINET as a showcase of our considerations. Security requirements for this technology are defined and different well-known solutions are examined according their suitability for PROFINET. Based on these findings, we elaborate the necessary adaptions for the deployment on PROFINET.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128965796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402380
Dorota Lang, P. Wunderlich, Mario Heinz, Lukasz Wisniewski, J. Jasperneite, O. Niggemann, C. Röcker
In ever changing world, the industrial systems become more and more complex. Machine feedback in the form of alarms and notifications, due to its growing volume, becomes overwhelming for the operator. In addition, expectations in relation to system availability are growing as well. Therefore, there exists strong need for new solutions guaranteeing fast troubleshooting of problems that arise during system operation. The approach proposed in this study uses advantages of the Asset Administration Shell, machine learning, and human-machine interaction in order to create the assistance system which holistically addresses the issue of troubleshooting complex industrial systems.
{"title":"Assistance system to support troubleshooting of complex industrial systems","authors":"Dorota Lang, P. Wunderlich, Mario Heinz, Lukasz Wisniewski, J. Jasperneite, O. Niggemann, C. Röcker","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402380","url":null,"abstract":"In ever changing world, the industrial systems become more and more complex. Machine feedback in the form of alarms and notifications, due to its growing volume, becomes overwhelming for the operator. In addition, expectations in relation to system availability are growing as well. Therefore, there exists strong need for new solutions guaranteeing fast troubleshooting of problems that arise during system operation. The approach proposed in this study uses advantages of the Asset Administration Shell, machine learning, and human-machine interaction in order to create the assistance system which holistically addresses the issue of troubleshooting complex industrial systems.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125082627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402374
Voica Gavriluţ, P. Pop
IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of IEEE standards that extend Ethernet for safety-critical and real-time applications. TSN is envisioned to be widely used in several applications areas, from industrial automation to in-vehicle networking. TSN supports mixed-criticality applications via multiple traffic classes: Time-Triggered (TT) communication, Audio-Video-Bridging (AVB) streams with bounded end-to-end latency as well as Best-Effort messages. TT traffic is scheduled via Gate Control Lists (GCLs) specified for each queue of an egress port. Although researchers have started to propose approaches for the GCL synthesis, all the work so far has ignored lower priority real-time traffic such as AVB, resulting in GCLs that increase the worst-case delays of AVB traffic rendering it unschedulable. In this paper, we propose a GCL synthesis approach based on a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure, which takes into account the AVB traffic, such that both TT and the AVB traffic are schedulable. Our approach is evaluated on several test cases.
{"title":"Scheduling in time sensitive networks (TSN) for mixed-criticality industrial applications","authors":"Voica Gavriluţ, P. Pop","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402374","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a set of IEEE standards that extend Ethernet for safety-critical and real-time applications. TSN is envisioned to be widely used in several applications areas, from industrial automation to in-vehicle networking. TSN supports mixed-criticality applications via multiple traffic classes: Time-Triggered (TT) communication, Audio-Video-Bridging (AVB) streams with bounded end-to-end latency as well as Best-Effort messages. TT traffic is scheduled via Gate Control Lists (GCLs) specified for each queue of an egress port. Although researchers have started to propose approaches for the GCL synthesis, all the work so far has ignored lower priority real-time traffic such as AVB, resulting in GCLs that increase the worst-case delays of AVB traffic rendering it unschedulable. In this paper, we propose a GCL synthesis approach based on a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure, which takes into account the AVB traffic, such that both TT and the AVB traffic are schedulable. Our approach is evaluated on several test cases.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116523324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402372
A. Fermi, M. Mongelli, M. Muselli, Enrico Ferrari
The paper introduces the use of machine learning with rule generation to validate collision avoidance in vehicle platooning. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control is under test over a range of system parameters including speed and distance of the vehicles as well as packet error rate of the communication channel. Safety regions are evidenced on test data with statistical error very close to zero.
{"title":"Identification of safety regions in vehicle platooning via machine learning","authors":"A. Fermi, M. Mongelli, M. Muselli, Enrico Ferrari","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402372","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces the use of machine learning with rule generation to validate collision avoidance in vehicle platooning. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control is under test over a range of system parameters including speed and distance of the vehicles as well as packet error rate of the communication channel. Safety regions are evidenced on test data with statistical error very close to zero.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114520262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402352
Dan Wolberg, M. Rentschler, P. Gaggero
Control applications in factory automation utilizing wireless technologies require well-defined and constant communication performance with respect to cycle time, determinism and availability. These requirements are hard to meet using standard wireless communication technologies in the presence of interferers and challenging fading channels. The recently emerged new standard IO-Link Wireless was tailored to target the required performance characteristics even in densely populated 2.4 GHz ISM band. This work intends to verify by simulative analysis, that the performance indicators meet the target performance. For this purpose, a MATLAB-based simulation framework utilizing IEEE802.11 TGn and interferences with real life active profiles was developed and then used on IO-Link Wireless specification relevant test scenarios.
{"title":"Simulative performance analysis of IO-link wireless","authors":"Dan Wolberg, M. Rentschler, P. Gaggero","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402352","url":null,"abstract":"Control applications in factory automation utilizing wireless technologies require well-defined and constant communication performance with respect to cycle time, determinism and availability. These requirements are hard to meet using standard wireless communication technologies in the presence of interferers and challenging fading channels. The recently emerged new standard IO-Link Wireless was tailored to target the required performance characteristics even in densely populated 2.4 GHz ISM band. This work intends to verify by simulative analysis, that the performance indicators meet the target performance. For this purpose, a MATLAB-based simulation framework utilizing IEEE802.11 TGn and interferences with real life active profiles was developed and then used on IO-Link Wireless specification relevant test scenarios.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126922530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402355
G. Marchetto, R. Sisto, Jalolliddin Yusupov, A. Ksentini
The innovative applications of 5G core technologies, namely Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), are the key enabling technologies of industrial Internet of things (IIoT) to improve data network robustness. In the industrial scenario, with strict demands on end-to-end latency and reliability during critical events, these technologies can be leveraged to construct chains of network functions (service graphs) characterized by guarantees about latency, jitter, packet loss or redundancy. Moreover, real-time monitoring techniques provided by network virtualization help in mitigating critical events (e.g. failures or network attacks), which can be faced by updating the service graph and imposing new policies in the network. In practice, the distributed and safety-critical nature of IIoT applications requires both an intelligent placement of services across physically separated locations, which has a direct impact on latency, and a proper policy enforcement system, which guarantees service reliability, safety, and security. This paper considers both aspects by proposing a novel Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement solution for IIoT that minimizes the overall latency and, at the same time, also verifies that network-wide policies such as connectivity or isolation hold between the endpoints. In particular, this work relies on recent advances in SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solvers, which are being enhanced to solve the Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem.
{"title":"Formally verified latency-aware VNF placement in industrial Internet of things","authors":"G. Marchetto, R. Sisto, Jalolliddin Yusupov, A. Ksentini","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402355","url":null,"abstract":"The innovative applications of 5G core technologies, namely Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), are the key enabling technologies of industrial Internet of things (IIoT) to improve data network robustness. In the industrial scenario, with strict demands on end-to-end latency and reliability during critical events, these technologies can be leveraged to construct chains of network functions (service graphs) characterized by guarantees about latency, jitter, packet loss or redundancy. Moreover, real-time monitoring techniques provided by network virtualization help in mitigating critical events (e.g. failures or network attacks), which can be faced by updating the service graph and imposing new policies in the network. In practice, the distributed and safety-critical nature of IIoT applications requires both an intelligent placement of services across physically separated locations, which has a direct impact on latency, and a proper policy enforcement system, which guarantees service reliability, safety, and security. This paper considers both aspects by proposing a novel Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement solution for IIoT that minimizes the overall latency and, at the same time, also verifies that network-wide policies such as connectivity or isolation hold between the endpoints. In particular, this work relies on recent advances in SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solvers, which are being enhanced to solve the Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129138477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402350
Hans-Peter Bernhard, A. Springer, P. Priller, L. Hörmann
We present a communication and routing protocol to balance energy consumption among wireless sensor and actuator nodes under the constraint of minimizing end-to-end latency. Minimized and nearly deterministic end-to-end latency allows centralized real time data recording and actuator control. Moreover, defined latency improves security and safety mechanisms to come closer to the trustworthiness of a cable while realizing the advantages of wireless networks. Battery powered or energy harvesting wireless nodes are inevitable to avoid power lines and therefore, we cope with limited energy budgets. In order to balance the communication load among sufficiently supplied nodes, the energy budget is part of the routing path metric. We show that the time domain multiple access scheme is crucial to enable defined latency and improve energy efficiency by avoiding collisions. If the energy distribution among the nodes is known, this novel protocol allows to calculate latency and round-trip time in advance. An asymmetric timing scheme can limit multi-hop latency for either upstream or downstream communication by one superframes (SF) duration. The presented ruleset is able to reconfigure the routing focused on energy constraints of involved nodes.
{"title":"Energy balanced routing for latency minimized wireless sensor networks","authors":"Hans-Peter Bernhard, A. Springer, P. Priller, L. Hörmann","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402350","url":null,"abstract":"We present a communication and routing protocol to balance energy consumption among wireless sensor and actuator nodes under the constraint of minimizing end-to-end latency. Minimized and nearly deterministic end-to-end latency allows centralized real time data recording and actuator control. Moreover, defined latency improves security and safety mechanisms to come closer to the trustworthiness of a cable while realizing the advantages of wireless networks. Battery powered or energy harvesting wireless nodes are inevitable to avoid power lines and therefore, we cope with limited energy budgets. In order to balance the communication load among sufficiently supplied nodes, the energy budget is part of the routing path metric. We show that the time domain multiple access scheme is crucial to enable defined latency and improve energy efficiency by avoiding collisions. If the energy distribution among the nodes is known, this novel protocol allows to calculate latency and round-trip time in advance. An asymmetric timing scheme can limit multi-hop latency for either upstream or downstream communication by one superframes (SF) duration. The presented ruleset is able to reconfigure the routing focused on energy constraints of involved nodes.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124421290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402363
Johannes O. Schmitt, Sten Grüner, Roland Braun
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) increasingly make use of modelling technologies like OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). These modelling technologies already reduce integration efforts as they provide a common Application Programming Interface (API) to handle and access properties and methods that are exposed by applications running on the CPS. These properties and methods can be structured and enriched with semantics within an information model. The integration of the information model with the application is still a quite complex task that typically requires comparable large manual programming efforts and additional components to manage the interaction between application and model. This work targets especially at more complex applications that shall be configurable through the information model — therefore a use case of a configurable state-machine is discussed in this work. To manage the interaction between such a dynamic application and an information model, a tight coupling of both is required. This work targets at re-use and integration of application code with information modelling based on annotations added to the application code. As a result, the object-structure and the (business) logic of the objects is integrated with the model. Finally, the external consumer can not only read, write and browse the exposed properties and methods of the application, but also create, update and delete objects within the object-structure with minimal additional manual efforts.
{"title":"Reducing integration effort for cyber-physical systems through integrated information modelling using annotated application code","authors":"Johannes O. Schmitt, Sten Grüner, Roland Braun","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402363","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) increasingly make use of modelling technologies like OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). These modelling technologies already reduce integration efforts as they provide a common Application Programming Interface (API) to handle and access properties and methods that are exposed by applications running on the CPS. These properties and methods can be structured and enriched with semantics within an information model. The integration of the information model with the application is still a quite complex task that typically requires comparable large manual programming efforts and additional components to manage the interaction between application and model. This work targets especially at more complex applications that shall be configurable through the information model — therefore a use case of a configurable state-machine is discussed in this work. To manage the interaction between such a dynamic application and an information model, a tight coupling of both is required. This work targets at re-use and integration of application code with information modelling based on annotations added to the application code. As a result, the object-structure and the (business) logic of the objects is integrated with the model. Finally, the external consumer can not only read, write and browse the exposed properties and methods of the application, but also create, update and delete objects within the object-structure with minimal additional manual efforts.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131239265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402351
Albert Potsch, Hans-Peter Bernhard, A. Springer
A modular and scalable testbed for synchronized network-wide power consumption evaluation and analysis of synchronization and latency performance within industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks (IWSAN) is presented in this paper. Using a dedicated measurement hardware the highly dynamic power consumption of wireless embedded systems can be tracked over 5 decades from μW in low power sleep modes up to several hundreds of mW during RF transmission and full processor activity. Further, as IWSANs have high demands on synchronicity and low latency, our testbed allows automated measurements to evaluate synchronization accuracy and latency within the network with a time granularity of 125 ns and thus meets most industrial requirements. For this we use an Industrial RealTime Ethernet (RTE) network. Our combination of distributed ethernet-connected power measurement circuits with the RTE system allows a network-wide synchronized acquisition of the sensor nodes power consumption and supply voltage waveforms of all observed nodes. The wired RTE and Ethernet networks guarantee a scalable measurement setup and are not in conflict with the wireless devices under test. We demonstrate the usability of the proposed measurement setup by means of investigating two different heterogenous setups of real-world wireless networks. First we analyze the timing behavior of distributed standardized ZigBee nodes exclusively based on their power consumption measurements. And in contrary we present a proprietary industrial WSN dedicated to low power consumption and high sampling synchronicity of the individual nodes and evaluate their synchronization performance.
{"title":"High resolution testbed for heterogenous industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks","authors":"Albert Potsch, Hans-Peter Bernhard, A. Springer","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402351","url":null,"abstract":"A modular and scalable testbed for synchronized network-wide power consumption evaluation and analysis of synchronization and latency performance within industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks (IWSAN) is presented in this paper. Using a dedicated measurement hardware the highly dynamic power consumption of wireless embedded systems can be tracked over 5 decades from μW in low power sleep modes up to several hundreds of mW during RF transmission and full processor activity. Further, as IWSANs have high demands on synchronicity and low latency, our testbed allows automated measurements to evaluate synchronization accuracy and latency within the network with a time granularity of 125 ns and thus meets most industrial requirements. For this we use an Industrial RealTime Ethernet (RTE) network. Our combination of distributed ethernet-connected power measurement circuits with the RTE system allows a network-wide synchronized acquisition of the sensor nodes power consumption and supply voltage waveforms of all observed nodes. The wired RTE and Ethernet networks guarantee a scalable measurement setup and are not in conflict with the wireless devices under test. We demonstrate the usability of the proposed measurement setup by means of investigating two different heterogenous setups of real-world wireless networks. First we analyze the timing behavior of distributed standardized ZigBee nodes exclusively based on their power consumption measurements. And in contrary we present a proprietary industrial WSN dedicated to low power consumption and high sampling synchronicity of the individual nodes and evaluate their synchronization performance.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130246682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402343
Jing Geng, Honglei Li, Yanzhou Liu, Yongkang Liu, M. Kashef, R. Candell, S. Bhattacharyya
Wireless communications technology has the potential to provide major benefits in lowering the cost and increasing the efficiency of factory automation (FA) systems. However, design of FA systems that employ wireless networks involves stringent constraints on real-time performance and reliability, and requires the assessment of and experimentation with complex interactions among process control, factory topology construction (layout and connectivity of subsystems, such as machines, rails, etc.), and wireless communication. In this paper, we introduce a novel simulation framework to support such assessment and experimentation in the design of next-generation FA systems. Our simulation framework employs model-based design principles to enhance design reliability, and enable systematic and efficient integration of control, topology, and network modeling aspects. We demonstrate the utility of our framework through a case study that involves topology design and scalability analysis for a large class of FA systems. Our results demonstrate the ability of the proposed framework to provide insights on complex design trade-offs, while the underlying model-based features enhance efficient and reliable system-level integration.
{"title":"Model-based cosimulation for industrial wireless networks","authors":"Jing Geng, Honglei Li, Yanzhou Liu, Yongkang Liu, M. Kashef, R. Candell, S. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2018.8402343","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless communications technology has the potential to provide major benefits in lowering the cost and increasing the efficiency of factory automation (FA) systems. However, design of FA systems that employ wireless networks involves stringent constraints on real-time performance and reliability, and requires the assessment of and experimentation with complex interactions among process control, factory topology construction (layout and connectivity of subsystems, such as machines, rails, etc.), and wireless communication. In this paper, we introduce a novel simulation framework to support such assessment and experimentation in the design of next-generation FA systems. Our simulation framework employs model-based design principles to enhance design reliability, and enable systematic and efficient integration of control, topology, and network modeling aspects. We demonstrate the utility of our framework through a case study that involves topology design and scalability analysis for a large class of FA systems. Our results demonstrate the ability of the proposed framework to provide insights on complex design trade-offs, while the underlying model-based features enhance efficient and reliable system-level integration.","PeriodicalId":350991,"journal":{"name":"2018 14th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126668024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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