Abstract This study aims at contributing to a more elaborate understanding of the historical phonology of Mawé (Tupí family, Brazil). The paper discusses two patterns of diachronic correspondence involving j and w, arguing, first, that the diachronic correspondence involving j is more insightfully viewed as stemming from the blocking of a regular process of change and, second, that the process of change underlying the correspondence of the glide w is better conceptualized as a dissimilatory process. A unified, conspirational account of these changes is proposed by invoking a constraint banning homorganic glide-vowel sequences that acted in two seemingly contradictory ways: blocking a change that targeted t in the proto-language and triggering a change that dissolved wu sequences. Finally, I discuss the singular character of the correspondence w>h and propose a hypothesis accounting for this reflex. Wider implications of these accounts are also considered, and the hypotheses and analyses advanced here are evaluated and compared to alternative accounts.
{"title":"The historical phonology of Mawé glides","authors":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","doi":"10.1515/flih-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flih-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims at contributing to a more elaborate understanding of the historical phonology of Mawé (Tupí family, Brazil). The paper discusses two patterns of diachronic correspondence involving j and w, arguing, first, that the diachronic correspondence involving j is more insightfully viewed as stemming from the blocking of a regular process of change and, second, that the process of change underlying the correspondence of the glide w is better conceptualized as a dissimilatory process. A unified, conspirational account of these changes is proposed by invoking a constraint banning homorganic glide-vowel sequences that acted in two seemingly contradictory ways: blocking a change that targeted t in the proto-language and triggering a change that dissolved wu sequences. Finally, I discuss the singular character of the correspondence w>h and propose a hypothesis accounting for this reflex. Wider implications of these accounts are also considered, and the hypotheses and analyses advanced here are evaluated and compared to alternative accounts.","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/flih-2015-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67380212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article focuses on the operation of the Northern Subject Rule in the first-person singular in early Scots. It establishes that the first-person singular was under the scope of the NSR in the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries, with a near-categorical operation of the Proximity-to-Subject Constraint. In addition, it reveals the strength of this constraint, which in recent literature has generally been assumed to be less robust than the Type-of-Subject Constraint. A comparison with Northern Middle English suggests that Scots was more advanced in the operation of the NSR.
{"title":"The Northern Subject Rule in first-person singular contexts in fourteenth-fifteenth-century Scots","authors":"María Nieves Rodríguez Ledesma","doi":"10.1515/flih.2013.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flih.2013.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article focuses on the operation of the Northern Subject Rule in the first-person singular in early Scots. It establishes that the first-person singular was under the scope of the NSR in the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries, with a near-categorical operation of the Proximity-to-Subject Constraint. In addition, it reveals the strength of this constraint, which in recent literature has generally been assumed to be less robust than the Type-of-Subject Constraint. A comparison with Northern Middle English suggests that Scots was more advanced in the operation of the NSR.","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/flih.2013.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67380491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Book Review of:] Reconstructing Proto Koiarian : the history of a Papuan language family / Tom Dutton. - Canberra : Pacific Linguistics [u.a.], 2010. - 114 p. : map. ISBN 0-85883-609-2 ISBN 978-0-85883-609-9","authors":"B. Evans","doi":"10.1515/FLIH.2011.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/FLIH.2011.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/FLIH.2011.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67380231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the development of Roman Jakobson's linguistic theory from its origins in the Prague Circle through the 1940s and 1950s. During that period Jakobson adapted his theory to concepts of Information Theory and cybernetics, two new “hard sciences” that had emerged during the 1940s. It is argued that such a reinterpretation was possible because of both Jakobson's and the Prague linguists' particular perspective on language. Three core elements of Jakobson's view on language support this claim: teleology, functionality and binarism. Each has a counterpart in Information Theory and/or cybernetics, making it possible to reinterpret Jakobson's linguistic analysis in information theoretic terms.
{"title":"Roman Jakobson, cybernetics and information theory: A critical assessment","authors":"J. P. van de Walle","doi":"10.1515/FLIH.2008.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/FLIH.2008.87","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the development of Roman Jakobson's linguistic theory from its origins in the Prague Circle through the 1940s and 1950s. During that period Jakobson adapted his theory to concepts of Information Theory and cybernetics, two new “hard sciences” that had emerged during the 1940s. It is argued that such a reinterpretation was possible because of both Jakobson's and the Prague linguists' particular perspective on language. Three core elements of Jakobson's view on language support this claim: teleology, functionality and binarism. Each has a counterpart in Information Theory and/or cybernetics, making it possible to reinterpret Jakobson's linguistic analysis in information theoretic terms.","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/FLIH.2008.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67379999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the variation between two nominal gerund constructions in lo^-century English: definite gerunds on the one hand (the eating of the apple) and bare gerunds on the other (eating of the apple). Although the two constructions are highly characteristic of the period and have played a role in the further development of the gerund, the factors that govern their use are still poorly understood. It is proposed here that the essential difference between the two variants lies in the presence of the definite article, which expresses its usual function of marking referents as 'uniquely identifiable*. The role of the definite article can be made visible through close analysis of corpus data (Hebinki Corpus). In particular, the function of the article underlies two tendencies emerging from the data one relating to the status of the nominal gerund as a 'reference point construction', the other relating to the gerund's control behaviour vis-ä-vis its matrix clause. Thus, the analysis shows that the choice between the two variants is non-arbitrary. At the same time, it opens up a fresh perspective on the historical development of the gerund, as it provides a functional characterisation of the nominal constructions in relation to which verbal gerunds emerged.
{"title":"Nominal gerunds in 16th-century English. The function of the definite article","authors":"Hendrik De Smet","doi":"10.1515/flih.2007.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flih.2007.77","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the variation between two nominal gerund constructions in lo^-century English: definite gerunds on the one hand (the eating of the apple) and bare gerunds on the other (eating of the apple). Although the two constructions are highly characteristic of the period and have played a role in the further development of the gerund, the factors that govern their use are still poorly understood. It is proposed here that the essential difference between the two variants lies in the presence of the definite article, which expresses its usual function of marking referents as 'uniquely identifiable*. The role of the definite article can be made visible through close analysis of corpus data (Hebinki Corpus). In particular, the function of the article underlies two tendencies emerging from the data one relating to the status of the nominal gerund as a 'reference point construction', the other relating to the gerund's control behaviour vis-ä-vis its matrix clause. Thus, the analysis shows that the choice between the two variants is non-arbitrary. At the same time, it opens up a fresh perspective on the historical development of the gerund, as it provides a functional characterisation of the nominal constructions in relation to which verbal gerunds emerged.","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/flih.2007.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67379927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring exaptation in language change","authors":"L. D. Cuypere","doi":"10.1515/FLIN.26.1-2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/FLIN.26.1-2.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/FLIN.26.1-2.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67385592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.153
Francisco José Cortés Dolores Torres RODRÍGUEZ MEDINA
This Statement encapsulates the basic requirement for lexical representations: they must be not only the way to encode the semantic intricacies of the meaning of words but they must become also the 'ignition key' for several morphosyntactic phenomena, to the extent that they are central to the grammatical apparatus of several theories, such äs Dik's (1997) Functional Grammar or Van Valin and LaPolla's (1997) Role and Reference Grammar (henceforth RRG). Despite the relevance of this topic in contemporary research, and the abundance of studies on several areas of Present-Day English vocabulary, little has been said about the interaction of meaning and syntax in Old English (OE, henceforth), and even less if the aim is to motivate the syntactic and morphological behaviour of OE verbs from their semantic structure. This paper aims at providing a System of lexical representation for a group of OE verbs verbs of running that not only encodes the basic semantic scenario denoted by these verbs, but also triggers a set of linking mechanisms with their possible morphosyntactic alternations. The structure of the paper is äs follows: the first section explains the procedures for selecting the corpus of OE verbs that belong to the subdomain of 'verbs-of-running' within the general domain of motion verbs; it deals also with some studies which have also coped with the semantic and syntactic features of verbs of movement; although none of them focuses specifically on OE, their contributions will become helpful for a semantic pre-characterization of the verbs of our study. Section 2 is devoted to the construction of the lexical template that
{"title":"OLD ENGLISH VERBS-OF-RUNNING: LINKING SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION AND MORPHOSYNTACTIC STRUCTURE","authors":"Francisco José Cortés Dolores Torres RODRÍGUEZ MEDINA","doi":"10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.153","url":null,"abstract":"This Statement encapsulates the basic requirement for lexical representations: they must be not only the way to encode the semantic intricacies of the meaning of words but they must become also the 'ignition key' for several morphosyntactic phenomena, to the extent that they are central to the grammatical apparatus of several theories, such äs Dik's (1997) Functional Grammar or Van Valin and LaPolla's (1997) Role and Reference Grammar (henceforth RRG). Despite the relevance of this topic in contemporary research, and the abundance of studies on several areas of Present-Day English vocabulary, little has been said about the interaction of meaning and syntax in Old English (OE, henceforth), and even less if the aim is to motivate the syntactic and morphological behaviour of OE verbs from their semantic structure. This paper aims at providing a System of lexical representation for a group of OE verbs verbs of running that not only encodes the basic semantic scenario denoted by these verbs, but also triggers a set of linking mechanisms with their possible morphosyntactic alternations. The structure of the paper is äs follows: the first section explains the procedures for selecting the corpus of OE verbs that belong to the subdomain of 'verbs-of-running' within the general domain of motion verbs; it deals also with some studies which have also coped with the semantic and syntactic features of verbs of movement; although none of them focuses specifically on OE, their contributions will become helpful for a semantic pre-characterization of the verbs of our study. Section 2 is devoted to the construction of the lexical template that","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67379768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.193
Sarah DE GROODT
From a diachronic point of view grammaticalization is prototypically thought of s being unidirectional and irreversible (cf. Haspelmath 1999; Hopper Traugott 2003: 99-139). Grammaticalization normally involves gradual shifts in specific linguistic contexts, whereby a lexical item gradually turns into a grammatical item or whereby a less grammatical item becomes more grammatical. The direction of prototypical grammaticalization can thus be schematized s a rightward, i.e. unidirectional, expansion, s illustrated in (1):
{"title":"UNIDIRECTIONALITY IN GRAMMATICALIZATION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONCESSIVE SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS WITH OB-IN GERMAN","authors":"Sarah DE GROODT","doi":"10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.193","url":null,"abstract":"From a diachronic point of view grammaticalization is prototypically thought of s being unidirectional and irreversible (cf. Haspelmath 1999; Hopper Traugott 2003: 99-139). Grammaticalization normally involves gradual shifts in specific linguistic contexts, whereby a lexical item gradually turns into a grammatical item or whereby a less grammatical item becomes more grammatical. The direction of prototypical grammaticalization can thus be schematized s a rightward, i.e. unidirectional, expansion, s illustrated in (1):","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67380088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.23
P. D. D. J. P. TRUDGILL SCHREIER LONG WILLIAMS
Conventional linguistic wisdom has it that mergers cannot be reversed: "it is generally agreed that mergers are irreversible: once a merger, always a merger" (Labov 1994: 311). The reason for this is clear: once two phonemes have converged, Speakers have no way of knowing which one of the two original units belongs in which one of the two original lexical sets, and restoration is impossible. As is well known, however, there are a number of reports in the historical linguistics literature of phonological mergers which have been reversed. One often quoted example is that of the merger in English of the lexical sets of MATE and MEAT, which is well-attested from earlier periods of the language, but which is not found in any modern variety of English. This "once a merger, always a merger" maxim has quite naturally led historical linguists to consider how to explain these reports of mergers which have been reversed. In earlier work on this topic, historical linguists (e.g. Kökeritz 1953) typically employed explanations for this puzzling phenomenon which were based on dialect contact. They agreed that mergers could not be reversed äs such, but their thesis was that while, say, MATE and MEAT were indeed genuinely merged in some dialects, the merger was later undone äs a result of contact between Speakers of these dialects and Speakers of other dialects where it had not occurred. That is, Speakers were able to accurately repair the merger by Consulting the distribution of vowels over lexical sets in the speech of Speakers of the non-merging dialects. Wyld (1956: 210) writes that we have to assume that the MATE and MEAT part of the English vowel System was "differentiated among different classes of Speakers whether in a Regional or a Class dialect I am unable at present to say into two types", and that the unmerger was not a sound change äs such but "merely the result of the abandonment of one type of pronunciation and the adoption of another" (1956: 211). More recently, a brilliant and pioneering alternative explanation has been advanced by Labov. This is that these mergers were never actually mergers at all but rather "near-mergers". That is, they may have been perceived and speit and reported äs mergers because of a very close phonetic proximity between the two phonemes concerned. Labov (1994: 349-370) discusses this issue at considerable length. He cites several instances of Speakers being able to produce a very small phonetic distinction
{"title":"ON THE REVERSIBILITY OF MERGERS: /W/, /V/ AND EVIDENCE FROM LESSER-KNOWN ENGLISHES","authors":"P. D. D. J. P. TRUDGILL SCHREIER LONG WILLIAMS","doi":"10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional linguistic wisdom has it that mergers cannot be reversed: \"it is generally agreed that mergers are irreversible: once a merger, always a merger\" (Labov 1994: 311). The reason for this is clear: once two phonemes have converged, Speakers have no way of knowing which one of the two original units belongs in which one of the two original lexical sets, and restoration is impossible. As is well known, however, there are a number of reports in the historical linguistics literature of phonological mergers which have been reversed. One often quoted example is that of the merger in English of the lexical sets of MATE and MEAT, which is well-attested from earlier periods of the language, but which is not found in any modern variety of English. This \"once a merger, always a merger\" maxim has quite naturally led historical linguists to consider how to explain these reports of mergers which have been reversed. In earlier work on this topic, historical linguists (e.g. Kökeritz 1953) typically employed explanations for this puzzling phenomenon which were based on dialect contact. They agreed that mergers could not be reversed äs such, but their thesis was that while, say, MATE and MEAT were indeed genuinely merged in some dialects, the merger was later undone äs a result of contact between Speakers of these dialects and Speakers of other dialects where it had not occurred. That is, Speakers were able to accurately repair the merger by Consulting the distribution of vowels over lexical sets in the speech of Speakers of the non-merging dialects. Wyld (1956: 210) writes that we have to assume that the MATE and MEAT part of the English vowel System was \"differentiated among different classes of Speakers whether in a Regional or a Class dialect I am unable at present to say into two types\", and that the unmerger was not a sound change äs such but \"merely the result of the abandonment of one type of pronunciation and the adoption of another\" (1956: 211). More recently, a brilliant and pioneering alternative explanation has been advanced by Labov. This is that these mergers were never actually mergers at all but rather \"near-mergers\". That is, they may have been perceived and speit and reported äs mergers because of a very close phonetic proximity between the two phonemes concerned. Labov (1994: 349-370) discusses this issue at considerable length. He cites several instances of Speakers being able to produce a very small phonetic distinction","PeriodicalId":35126,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica Historica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/flih.2003.24.1-2.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67379819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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