Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2019.10023122
A. Saka, Fatima Ezzahra Saber, M. Ouahi
{"title":"Unknown-input observer for vehicle lateral dynamics using new sensor force technology","authors":"A. Saka, Fatima Ezzahra Saber, M. Ouahi","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2019.10023122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2019.10023122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66698094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvsmt.2019.104874
Lin Zhao, Yuping He
This paper presents an evaluation of control strategies for improving the lateral stability of car-trailer systems. A linear stability analysis method is proposed for the evaluation. The strategies include active trailer differential braking, active trailer steering and variable geometry approach. A linear 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) yaw-plane car-trailer model is generated for the controllers' design and a nonlinear 21-DOF yaw-roll car-trailer model is developed in CarSim to validate the stability control strategies by means of numerical simulations. To determine the stable motion boundary, eigenvalue analysis is conducted for identifying the vehicle critical speed. The linear quadratic regulator technique is applied to the design of controllers for active trailer braking, active trailer steering and variable geometry strategies. It is revealed that the active trailer braking strategy is feasible and effective for improving the lateral stability of car-trailer systems. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the linear stability analysis method.
{"title":"An investigation of active safety control strategies for improving the lateral stability of car-trailer systems","authors":"Lin Zhao, Yuping He","doi":"10.1504/ijvsmt.2019.104874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvsmt.2019.104874","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an evaluation of control strategies for improving the lateral stability of car-trailer systems. A linear stability analysis method is proposed for the evaluation. The strategies include active trailer differential braking, active trailer steering and variable geometry approach. A linear 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) yaw-plane car-trailer model is generated for the controllers' design and a nonlinear 21-DOF yaw-roll car-trailer model is developed in CarSim to validate the stability control strategies by means of numerical simulations. To determine the stable motion boundary, eigenvalue analysis is conducted for identifying the vehicle critical speed. The linear quadratic regulator technique is applied to the design of controllers for active trailer braking, active trailer steering and variable geometry strategies. It is revealed that the active trailer braking strategy is feasible and effective for improving the lateral stability of car-trailer systems. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the linear stability analysis method.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijvsmt.2019.104874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66698185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015727
Wanyou Huang, Guang-chao Wang, M. Yu
Tests are performed in this article to analyse the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery performance and drive motor system performance, so as to give a sufficient understanding of performance characteristics of key components of pure electric vehicles (EV). The EV powertrain system performance test bed is applied for the tests. Applying a LiFePO4 battery (192 V/100 A·h) as the research object, a calculation method is developed for battery charging/discharging efficiency. Tests are performed to analyse the influence of battery temperature on terminal voltage, as well as the influence of battery SOC and charging/discharging current on the battery efficiency. Applying an AC asynchronous motor (rated power 32 kW) as the research object, tests are performed to analyse the influence of battery voltage on the performance of motor system, the efficiency characteristics of drive motor within the high-speed field weakening area, and the efficiency characteristics of drive motor in normal working conditions. Through the tests and analysis for the performance of EV battery and motor, it can provide guidance for the matching of EV powertrain system, and gives basis for development of high-efficient EV control strategies.
{"title":"Performance test and analysis of key components of pure electric vehicles","authors":"Wanyou Huang, Guang-chao Wang, M. Yu","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015727","url":null,"abstract":"Tests are performed in this article to analyse the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery performance and drive motor system performance, so as to give a sufficient understanding of performance characteristics of key components of pure electric vehicles (EV). The EV powertrain system performance test bed is applied for the tests. Applying a LiFePO4 battery (192 V/100 A·h) as the research object, a calculation method is developed for battery charging/discharging efficiency. Tests are performed to analyse the influence of battery temperature on terminal voltage, as well as the influence of battery SOC and charging/discharging current on the battery efficiency. Applying an AC asynchronous motor (rated power 32 kW) as the research object, tests are performed to analyse the influence of battery voltage on the performance of motor system, the efficiency characteristics of drive motor within the high-speed field weakening area, and the efficiency characteristics of drive motor in normal working conditions. Through the tests and analysis for the performance of EV battery and motor, it can provide guidance for the matching of EV powertrain system, and gives basis for development of high-efficient EV control strategies.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"13 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015724
X. Fang, K. Tan
This paper presents an efficient method for concept design of twist beam axles and other similar mechanical systems by using analytical models. A concept of twist beam axles has been idealised as a beam model with extensive parametric variables. With this model many stiffness and kinematic characteristics which are typically required for twist beam axles can be determined analytically and accurately within a few seconds. Compared to the conventional method with numerous CAD and CAE iterations this new method can substantially reduce the development time, including human resources and computation time. Several axles have been evaluated and verified. The results are well comparable with those of CAE simulations. This very fast and efficient concept development can be coupled with mathematical optimisation algorithms in order to obtain an ideal starting position for further CAD/CAE-based product development in detail.
{"title":"Analytical modelling of twist beam axles","authors":"X. Fang, K. Tan","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an efficient method for concept design of twist beam axles and other similar mechanical systems by using analytical models. A concept of twist beam axles has been idealised as a beam model with extensive parametric variables. With this model many stiffness and kinematic characteristics which are typically required for twist beam axles can be determined analytically and accurately within a few seconds. Compared to the conventional method with numerous CAD and CAE iterations this new method can substantially reduce the development time, including human resources and computation time. Several axles have been evaluated and verified. The results are well comparable with those of CAE simulations. This very fast and efficient concept development can be coupled with mathematical optimisation algorithms in order to obtain an ideal starting position for further CAD/CAE-based product development in detail.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"13 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47055578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015728
A. M. Youssef, M. Elhaddad, M. Anany, Y. Eldrainy
Torsional stiffness comes as a priority in chassis design as it greatly affects its dynamics. According to the literature survey done in this research, it shows that the design methodology of tubular space frame was not performed explicitly, so there is a great need to fill this gap. Therefore, this research aims to develop a methodology for designing tubular space frame of vehicles and in other applications. A finite element model was made to evaluate torsional stiffness of vehicle frame then the model results were validated with experimental data obtained from a previous experiment. A parametric study was conducted using this model to investigate the impact of varying tube cross sections, length ratio, triangulation, intermediate sections and materials on both frame stiffness and frame stiffness to weight ratio. From this study, several guidelines for designing tubular space frame were concluded and a design methodology for tubular space frame was deduced.
{"title":"A design methodology for space frame through parametric study of torsional stiffness","authors":"A. M. Youssef, M. Elhaddad, M. Anany, Y. Eldrainy","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015728","url":null,"abstract":"Torsional stiffness comes as a priority in chassis design as it greatly affects its dynamics. According to the literature survey done in this research, it shows that the design methodology of tubular space frame was not performed explicitly, so there is a great need to fill this gap. Therefore, this research aims to develop a methodology for designing tubular space frame of vehicles and in other applications. A finite element model was made to evaluate torsional stiffness of vehicle frame then the model results were validated with experimental data obtained from a previous experiment. A parametric study was conducted using this model to investigate the impact of varying tube cross sections, length ratio, triangulation, intermediate sections and materials on both frame stiffness and frame stiffness to weight ratio. From this study, several guidelines for designing tubular space frame were concluded and a design methodology for tubular space frame was deduced.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"13 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44866060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.1504/ijvsmt.2018.10015725
Jeonghoon Song
This paper describes and compares two integrated dynamic controller systems (IDCs; IDCB, IDCR) and one active rear wheel steering system (ARS), developed to stabilise lateral dynamics and maintain steerability on a slippery road. The IDCs make use of a brake system and rear steering system. A fuzzy logic control method and a sliding mode control method were employed to design the three systems. The performance of the ARS and IDCs was tested under a variety of road and driving conditions. The results show that ARS and IDCs systems tracked the reference yaw rate under all tested conditions. Two IDCs reduced the body slip angle also. When a vehicle ran on a split-μ road and brake input was applied, IDCB and IDCR virtually eliminated the lateral dynamics. These results indicate that two IDCs enhanced lateral stability and preserved steerability.
{"title":"Integrated vehicle dynamic controls using active rear wheel steering and four wheel braking","authors":"Jeonghoon Song","doi":"10.1504/ijvsmt.2018.10015725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvsmt.2018.10015725","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and compares two integrated dynamic controller systems (IDCs; IDCB, IDCR) and one active rear wheel steering system (ARS), developed to stabilise lateral dynamics and maintain steerability on a slippery road. The IDCs make use of a brake system and rear steering system. A fuzzy logic control method and a sliding mode control method were employed to design the three systems. The performance of the ARS and IDCs was tested under a variety of road and driving conditions. The results show that ARS and IDCs systems tracked the reference yaw rate under all tested conditions. Two IDCs reduced the body slip angle also. When a vehicle ran on a split-μ road and brake input was applied, IDCB and IDCR virtually eliminated the lateral dynamics. These results indicate that two IDCs enhanced lateral stability and preserved steerability.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"13 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46141533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015726
I. Arango, Andrés Godoy, C. López
Power input, speed, and efficiency concern people when selecting a transportation means. This study compares multiple e-bikes configurations and presents to the reader scientific criteria to choose the one that fits best for non-trained cyclists, who want to use e-bikes for everyday transportation in cities with steep roads, assuring that the cyclist takes effective part of the power input. Power development, speeds, energy consumption and efficiency result from a mathematical model and experimental data. Configurations vary in motor placement, assistance level, cyclist cadence, wheel type and transmission sets. Results indicate that the motor's placement is the most determining factor in the efficiency of the entire system. Placing the motor in the bottom bracket, allows both the cyclist and the motor to range in the most efficient rpm. As efficiency for the middle drive motor is higher than the hub drive motor, energy consumption in the hub drive motor is 18% higher.
{"title":"E-bikes for steep roads: mid drive and hub drive motor efficiency comparison","authors":"I. Arango, Andrés Godoy, C. López","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10015726","url":null,"abstract":"Power input, speed, and efficiency concern people when selecting a transportation means. This study compares multiple e-bikes configurations and presents to the reader scientific criteria to choose the one that fits best for non-trained cyclists, who want to use e-bikes for everyday transportation in cities with steep roads, assuring that the cyclist takes effective part of the power input. Power development, speeds, energy consumption and efficiency result from a mathematical model and experimental data. Configurations vary in motor placement, assistance level, cyclist cadence, wheel type and transmission sets. Results indicate that the motor's placement is the most determining factor in the efficiency of the entire system. Placing the motor in the bottom bracket, allows both the cyclist and the motor to range in the most efficient rpm. As efficiency for the middle drive motor is higher than the hub drive motor, energy consumption in the hub drive motor is 18% higher.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"13 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47571303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098343
D. Marano, F. Pellicano, E. Pallara, Angelo Piantoni, L. Tabaglio, M. Lucchi, S. Orlandi
In the present paper, the modelling and simulation of a mechanical rack-and-pinion steering gear are presented. The study is performed using multibody simulations that include a reverse geometry rack to predict the functional measurements of the gear. A novel test for the characterisation of the functional performances of a mechanical steering gear is introduced and experimental data are used to validate prediction models.
{"title":"Modelling and simulation of rack-pinion steering systems with manufacturing errors for performance prediction","authors":"D. Marano, F. Pellicano, E. Pallara, Angelo Piantoni, L. Tabaglio, M. Lucchi, S. Orlandi","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098343","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, the modelling and simulation of a mechanical rack-and-pinion steering gear are presented. The study is performed using multibody simulations that include a reverse geometry rack to predict the functional measurements of the gear. A novel test for the characterisation of the functional performances of a mechanical steering gear is introduced and experimental data are used to validate prediction models.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"13 1","pages":"178-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66697589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098330
Anders F. Andersson, S. Kharrazi
Moving base driving simulators, with an enclosed human driver, are often used to study driver-vehicle interaction or driver behaviour. Reliable results from such a driving simulator study strongly ...
{"title":"Vehicle model quality framework for moving base driving simulators, a powertrain model example","authors":"Anders F. Andersson, S. Kharrazi","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098330","url":null,"abstract":"Moving base driving simulators, with an enclosed human driver, are often used to study driver-vehicle interaction or driver behaviour. Reliable results from such a driving simulator study strongly ...","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"20 1","pages":"93-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.098330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66697577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10019719
Qasim Khadim, E. Kurvinen, Esa-Pekka Kaikko, Tero Hukkataival, A. Mikkola
Modern multibody simulation techniques enable the explicit description of complex mechanical systems such as mobile and industrial machinery into relevant equations of motion. The subsequent solution of the equations of motion can lead to simulation in real-time. Presently, real-time simulation models based on multibody dynamics can account for a large number of rigid and flexible bodies as well as contact descriptions. It enables the inclusion of physical phenomena and user feelings associated with multibody systems in the real-time simulation. These specifications can be used in a number of product processes including user training and product development. The present study applies real-time multibody simulation to a three-wheel, two-ton counterbalance forklift. The forklift simulation model includes rigid bodies, joints, a contact model, friction forces, power transmission, and a steering mechanism. The study reports aspects associated with forklift performance such as speed, speed reduction around a curved path, mast wobbling, maximum lifting capacity, and vibrations during the lift. The simulation model is verified by comparing the speed, acceleration, mast lift and tilt speeds with the measurements of a reference forklift.
{"title":"Real-time simulation model for dynamic analysis of three-wheel counterbalance forklift","authors":"Qasim Khadim, E. Kurvinen, Esa-Pekka Kaikko, Tero Hukkataival, A. Mikkola","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10019719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10019719","url":null,"abstract":"Modern multibody simulation techniques enable the explicit description of complex mechanical systems such as mobile and industrial machinery into relevant equations of motion. The subsequent solution of the equations of motion can lead to simulation in real-time. Presently, real-time simulation models based on multibody dynamics can account for a large number of rigid and flexible bodies as well as contact descriptions. It enables the inclusion of physical phenomena and user feelings associated with multibody systems in the real-time simulation. These specifications can be used in a number of product processes including user training and product development. The present study applies real-time multibody simulation to a three-wheel, two-ton counterbalance forklift. The forklift simulation model includes rigid bodies, joints, a contact model, friction forces, power transmission, and a steering mechanism. The study reports aspects associated with forklift performance such as speed, speed reduction around a curved path, mast wobbling, maximum lifting capacity, and vibrations during the lift. The simulation model is verified by comparing the speed, acceleration, mast lift and tilt speeds with the measurements of a reference forklift.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":"13 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66698041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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