Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijvsmt.2018.10019726
M. Ouahi, A. Saka
This paper aims to contribute to the developpement of the advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). The automated system which is provided by ADAS to the vehicle is proven to reduce road fatalities, by minimising the human error. The main objective in this work is to strengthen ADAS by information like estimated road profile. An unknown inputs observer is developed, to estimate in real time the road bank, slope and profile together with the vehicle states, based on measurements of roll and pitch rates, and the lateral, longitudinal and centre of wheels acceleration. Thus, this virtual sensor, based on an unknown input observer presented here, provides the variables needed by advanced driver assistance systems. Simulations conducted in this work show that the designed observer can reproduce correctly the vehicle dynamics and can be easily implemented as an embedded system in the vehicle.
{"title":"Simultaneous estimation of the road attributes and the vehicle states","authors":"M. Ouahi, A. Saka","doi":"10.1504/ijvsmt.2018.10019726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvsmt.2018.10019726","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to contribute to the developpement of the advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). The automated system which is provided by ADAS to the vehicle is proven to reduce road fatalities, by minimising the human error. The main objective in this work is to strengthen ADAS by information like estimated road profile. An unknown inputs observer is developed, to estimate in real time the road bank, slope and profile together with the vehicle states, based on measurements of roll and pitch rates, and the lateral, longitudinal and centre of wheels acceleration. Thus, this virtual sensor, based on an unknown input observer presented here, provides the variables needed by advanced driver assistance systems. Simulations conducted in this work show that the designed observer can reproduce correctly the vehicle dynamics and can be easily implemented as an embedded system in the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66698066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10019725
Arash Hosseinian Ahangarnejad, S. Melzi, M. Ahmadian
This paper proposes the integration of three chassis control systems. In the first part, three chassis control systems including hydraulically interconnected suspension, torque vectoring system and active rear steering are introduced then these subsystems are evaluated by ramp steer and step steer manoeuvres; effectiveness and limits of subsystems are also reviewed. Then, two methods (optimal control and rule-based method) are proposed for integrated vehicle dynamics system. Both methods are evaluated with various manoeuvres to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
{"title":"Numerical comparison of two methods for integration of active rear steering, torque vectoring and hydraulically interconnected suspension","authors":"Arash Hosseinian Ahangarnejad, S. Melzi, M. Ahmadian","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10019725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2018.10019725","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the integration of three chassis control systems. In the first part, three chassis control systems including hydraulically interconnected suspension, torque vectoring system and active rear steering are introduced then these subsystems are evaluated by ramp steer and step steer manoeuvres; effectiveness and limits of subsystems are also reviewed. Then, two methods (optimal control and rule-based method) are proposed for integrated vehicle dynamics system. Both methods are evaluated with various manoeuvres to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each method.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66698053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008922
F. Maran, Andrea de Simoi, A. Beghi, M. Bruschetta
In this paper, we consider the problem of assessing the performance of different power management strategies for a hybrid, 125cc sport motorbike. The electrical machine is used to obtain a torque boost during accelerations, with reduced emissions. Being a sport motorcycle, impact of the hybridisation on performance in terms of handling has to be carefully evaluated. To this aim, a virtual environment has been realised, that allows to describe in detail the vehicle dynamics, as well as the characteristics of the hybrid power train. The simulation environment is completed by a virtual rider and a tool for building test circuits. The virtual environment is used to evaluate two different power management strategies, based on a standard heuristic and on torque-split optimal control strategies, respectively. Results of simulations on a virtual track and of field tests are included.
{"title":"Validating power management strategies for hybrid sport motorcycles: a virtual prototyping approach","authors":"F. Maran, Andrea de Simoi, A. Beghi, M. Bruschetta","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008922","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the problem of assessing the performance of different power management strategies for a hybrid, 125cc sport motorbike. The electrical machine is used to obtain a torque boost during accelerations, with reduced emissions. Being a sport motorcycle, impact of the hybridisation on performance in terms of handling has to be carefully evaluated. To this aim, a virtual environment has been realised, that allows to describe in detail the vehicle dynamics, as well as the characteristics of the hybrid power train. The simulation environment is completed by a virtual rider and a tool for building test circuits. The virtual environment is used to evaluate two different power management strategies, based on a standard heuristic and on torque-split optimal control strategies, respectively. Results of simulations on a virtual track and of field tests are included.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41287930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008909
J. Casselgren, S. Rosendahl, Niclas Engström, Ulrika Grönlund
Roadgrip is an important parameter for vehicle testing and road maintenance. Therefore, an evaluation of the velocity and curvature effects on roadgrip measurement was performed on asphalt roads and on two ice tracks using the continuous roadgrip apparatus RT3 Curve. The aim was to find suitable driving patterns for measurements on public roads and test tracks to ensure the repeatability of roadgrip measurements. During the evaluation, it was concluded that in order to achieve a reliable roadgrip value, regardless of road conditions, the radius of curvature should not be less than 20 m. The velocity dependency of the RT3 Curve is different for the two road conditions, with the measurements on ice being much more sensitive to velocity changes than the measurements on the dry asphalt.
{"title":"Evaluation of velocity and curvature dependence for roadgrip measured by low lateral slip","authors":"J. Casselgren, S. Rosendahl, Niclas Engström, Ulrika Grönlund","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008909","url":null,"abstract":"Roadgrip is an important parameter for vehicle testing and road maintenance. Therefore, an evaluation of the velocity and curvature effects on roadgrip measurement was performed on asphalt roads and on two ice tracks using the continuous roadgrip apparatus RT3 Curve. The aim was to find suitable driving patterns for measurements on public roads and test tracks to ensure the repeatability of roadgrip measurements. During the evaluation, it was concluded that in order to achieve a reliable roadgrip value, regardless of road conditions, the radius of curvature should not be less than 20 m. The velocity dependency of the RT3 Curve is different for the two road conditions, with the measurements on ice being much more sensitive to velocity changes than the measurements on the dry asphalt.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46359296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087950
Zhijun Fu, Bin Li
In this paper, a novel adaptive optimal control algorithm based on approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach is proposed for integrated active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC). The corrective yaw moment and active steering angle are generated online without knowing system dynamics, which is realised by using a neural network (NN) identifier to identify the unknown system dynamics and a critic NN to calculate the optimal control action, respectively. Control commands are executed via active steering angle on front wheels and proper brake torque distribution on the effective wheels. Computer simulations under three different driving manoeuvres, i.e., lane change manoeuvre, step steer manoeuvre and sine with dwell manoeuvre, are carried out to evaluate the proposed control method. Simulation results show that the proposed ADP-based control method demonstrates improved tracking performance in terms of enhancing vehicle handling and stability performance when encountering the varying longitudinal velocity, the uncertain cornering stiffness and the different road/tyre friction coefficients. Model-free and self-adaptive properties of the proposed method provide a new solution to vehicle stability controller design instead of the commonly used model-based methods.
{"title":"Adaptive optimal control for integrated active front steering and direct yaw moment based on approximate dynamic programming","authors":"Zhijun Fu, Bin Li","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087950","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel adaptive optimal control algorithm based on approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach is proposed for integrated active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC). The corrective yaw moment and active steering angle are generated online without knowing system dynamics, which is realised by using a neural network (NN) identifier to identify the unknown system dynamics and a critic NN to calculate the optimal control action, respectively. Control commands are executed via active steering angle on front wheels and proper brake torque distribution on the effective wheels. Computer simulations under three different driving manoeuvres, i.e., lane change manoeuvre, step steer manoeuvre and sine with dwell manoeuvre, are carried out to evaluate the proposed control method. Simulation results show that the proposed ADP-based control method demonstrates improved tracking performance in terms of enhancing vehicle handling and stability performance when encountering the varying longitudinal velocity, the uncertain cornering stiffness and the different road/tyre friction coefficients. Model-free and self-adaptive properties of the proposed method provide a new solution to vehicle stability controller design instead of the commonly used model-based methods.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46333214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008917
Eungkil Lee, S. Kapoor, T. Sikder, Yuping He
This paper presents an optimal robust controller for active trailer differential braking (ATDB) systems of car-trailer (CT) combinations. To design ATDB systems, controllers based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique have been explored. In these LQR controller designs, vehicle forward speed, trailer payload, etc., were assumed as constants. In reality, a CT combination is frequently confronted with variations of operating conditions and vehicle parameters, which may impose significant impacts on the lateral stability of these vehicles. This motivates the investigation into robust controller designs. An ATDB controller is designed using the µ synthesis technique. A new method using a genetic algorithm (GA) for tuning the weighting function parameters for the robust controller is presented. In the parameters tuning process, the lateral stability is emphasised and the path-following capability is considered. Simulation results confirm the validity of the ATDB controller.
{"title":"An optimal robust controller for active trailer differential braking systems of car-trailer combinations","authors":"Eungkil Lee, S. Kapoor, T. Sikder, Yuping He","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008917","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an optimal robust controller for active trailer differential braking (ATDB) systems of car-trailer (CT) combinations. To design ATDB systems, controllers based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique have been explored. In these LQR controller designs, vehicle forward speed, trailer payload, etc., were assumed as constants. In reality, a CT combination is frequently confronted with variations of operating conditions and vehicle parameters, which may impose significant impacts on the lateral stability of these vehicles. This motivates the investigation into robust controller designs. An ATDB controller is designed using the µ synthesis technique. A new method using a genetic algorithm (GA) for tuning the weighting function parameters for the robust controller is presented. In the parameters tuning process, the lateral stability is emphasised and the path-following capability is considered. Simulation results confirm the validity of the ATDB controller.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44927808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The powertrain system in electric vehicle delivers the energy from the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to wheels, during which the energy transforms between electricity and mechanical energy. The powertrain system determines the energy conversion efficiency of the HESS. Necessary investigation on the powertrain system should be done before further study on the HESS. The dynamic model of the powertrain system is established and validated both in Psim and Matlab/Simulink software. The control strategy of the traction motor of the powertrain system is verified in virtual vehicular environment firstly. The control approach is implemented on a dSPACE-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bench for real-time control. The simulation and experimental data both demonstrate the velocity trajectory of the drive cycles are exactly tracked. The efficiency of powertrain system is also investigated. The work in this paper provides solid foundation for further study on power split of the HESS.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental analytical study of powertrain system by hardware-in-the-loop test bench for electric vehicles","authors":"Yong Li, Xing Xu, Xiaoqiang Sun, Hongtao Xue, Hao-bin Jiang, Qu Yaping","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10008916","url":null,"abstract":"The powertrain system in electric vehicle delivers the energy from the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to wheels, during which the energy transforms between electricity and mechanical energy. The powertrain system determines the energy conversion efficiency of the HESS. Necessary investigation on the powertrain system should be done before further study on the HESS. The dynamic model of the powertrain system is established and validated both in Psim and Matlab/Simulink software. The control strategy of the traction motor of the powertrain system is verified in virtual vehicular environment firstly. The control approach is implemented on a dSPACE-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bench for real-time control. The simulation and experimental data both demonstrate the velocity trajectory of the drive cycles are exactly tracked. The efficiency of powertrain system is also investigated. The work in this paper provides solid foundation for further study on power split of the HESS.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087971
Cor-Jacques Kat, J. Johrendt, P. S. Els
This paper describes the development of a neural network that is able to emulate the vertical force-displacement behaviour of a leaf spring. Special emphasis is placed on aspects that affect the predictive capability of a neural network such as type, structure, inputs and ability to generalise. These aspects are investigated in order to enable the effective use of it to model leaf spring behaviour. The results show that with the correct selection of inputs and network architecture, the neural network's ability to generalise can be improved and also reduce the required training data. The resulting 2-15-1 feed-forward neural network is shown to generalise well and requires minimal data to be trained. Experimental data was used to train and validate the network. The methodology followed is not limited to the application of leaf springs only but should apply to various other applications especially ones with similar nonlinear characteristics.
{"title":"Methodology for developing a neural network leaf spring model","authors":"Cor-Jacques Kat, J. Johrendt, P. S. Els","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087971","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a neural network that is able to emulate the vertical force-displacement behaviour of a leaf spring. Special emphasis is placed on aspects that affect the predictive capability of a neural network such as type, structure, inputs and ability to generalise. These aspects are investigated in order to enable the effective use of it to model leaf spring behaviour. The results show that with the correct selection of inputs and network architecture, the neural network's ability to generalise can be improved and also reduce the required training data. The resulting 2-15-1 feed-forward neural network is shown to generalise well and requires minimal data to be trained. Experimental data was used to train and validate the network. The methodology followed is not limited to the application of leaf springs only but should apply to various other applications especially ones with similar nonlinear characteristics.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.087971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42158424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10011079
Divya Teja Ayyagari, Yuping He
This paper examines an active rear split spoiler designed for improving lateral stability of high-speed vehicles under high lateral acceleration (high-g) scenarios, such as a tight cornering manoeuvre at high speeds. Downforces produced by the spoiler can enhance the lateral stability of the vehicle under a high-g cornering manoeuvre. On the other hand, the spoiler may introduce additional drags on the vehicle. Aerodynamic analysis and wind tunnel testing are conducted to evaluate the dynamic effects of the active spoiler on a high-speed car. The downforce and drag, as well as their relationship, are investigated using CFD simulations of the car with the active rear split spoiler at different spoiler angles of attack and at different speeds. Then, the achieved CFD simulation results are compared with the experimental data derived from the wind tunnel on the physical car and the spoiler prototype. The observations and findings achieved from the study may provide valuable guidelines for developing active aerodynamic control systems to increase safety of high-speed vehicles.
{"title":"Aerodynamic analysis of an active rear split spoiler for improving lateral stability of high-speed vehicles","authors":"Divya Teja Ayyagari, Yuping He","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10011079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.10011079","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines an active rear split spoiler designed for improving lateral stability of high-speed vehicles under high lateral acceleration (high-g) scenarios, such as a tight cornering manoeuvre at high speeds. Downforces produced by the spoiler can enhance the lateral stability of the vehicle under a high-g cornering manoeuvre. On the other hand, the spoiler may introduce additional drags on the vehicle. Aerodynamic analysis and wind tunnel testing are conducted to evaluate the dynamic effects of the active spoiler on a high-speed car. The downforce and drag, as well as their relationship, are investigated using CFD simulations of the car with the active rear split spoiler at different spoiler angles of attack and at different speeds. Then, the achieved CFD simulation results are compared with the experimental data derived from the wind tunnel on the physical car and the spoiler prototype. The observations and findings achieved from the study may provide valuable guidelines for developing active aerodynamic control systems to increase safety of high-speed vehicles.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66697519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.089998
Zuzana Nedělková, P. Lindroth, B. Jacobson
The main aim of the research leading to this paper is to select---for a truck and its transport application---a configuration of the tyres such that the energy losses caused by these are minimized. We show that neither the rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) classes provided by tyre suppliers nor any other nominal values of RRC evaluated for specific operating conditions are sufficient to do the tyres selection. Therefore, a surrogate model of the RRC is developed. A tyre model based on the RRC model is introduced in this paper. The modularity of the tyre model is demonstrated by coupling it with two different vehicle models and an~operating environment model. The usage of the joint vehicle, tyres, and operating environment model is demonstrated by solving a few illustrative instances of the tyres selection problem. The potential savings wrt. energy losses when the selected tyre configurations are used are presented.
{"title":"Modelling of optimal tyres selection for a certain truck and transport application","authors":"Zuzana Nedělková, P. Lindroth, B. Jacobson","doi":"10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.089998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.089998","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the research leading to this paper is to select---for a truck and its transport application---a configuration of the tyres such that the energy losses caused by these are minimized. We show that neither the rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) classes provided by tyre suppliers nor any other nominal values of RRC evaluated for specific operating conditions are sufficient to do the tyres selection. Therefore, a surrogate model of the RRC is developed. A tyre model based on the RRC model is introduced in this paper. The modularity of the tyre model is demonstrated by coupling it with two different vehicle models and an~operating environment model. The usage of the joint vehicle, tyres, and operating environment model is demonstrated by solving a few illustrative instances of the tyres selection problem. The potential savings wrt. energy losses when the selected tyre configurations are used are presented.","PeriodicalId":35145,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJVSMT.2017.089998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66697882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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