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Towards the Empowerment of the Vanquished 增强被征服者的权能
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-bja00010
Tao Zou, Augustine H. Asaah
Against the background of the 19th century British domination of Ghana, Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Healers (1978) depicts the restorative activities of a group of traditional health practitioners. The paper seeks to place African Indigenous Knowledge Systems at the heart of the resistance to colonialism and imperialism. The paper resorts to a close reading of the narrative guided by perspectives on recuperation provided by Armah, Amilcar Cabral, and Christel N. Temple. Traditional medicinal expertise, ecological awareness, cultural memory, and anthroponymy, as bearers of African Indigenous Knowledge Systems, coalesce to discredit the metropolitan miscomception of Africa as a tabula rasa, thereby infusing confidence into subalternized Blacks towards the dream of a reunified continent. The paper concludes that resistance to the empire entails politics and ethics of healing, empowerment, continuous mental decolonization, and commitment to African reunification.
在 19 世纪英国统治加纳的背景下,Ayi Kwei Armah 的《医者》(1978 年)描绘了一群传统医疗从业者的恢复活动。本文试图将非洲土著知识体系置于反抗殖民主义和帝国主义的核心位置。本文以阿尔马、阿米尔卡-卡布拉尔和克里斯特尔-N-坦普尔关于恢复的观点为指导,对叙事进行了细读。作为非洲土著知识体系的承载者,传统医药专业知识、生态意识、文化记忆和人类学凝聚在一起,驳斥了大都市将非洲视为一片空白的错误观念,从而为处于次等地位的黑人实现统一非洲大陆的梦想注入了信心。本文的结论是,抵制帝国需要治疗、赋权、持续的精神非殖民化和致力于非洲统一的政治和伦理。
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引用次数: 0
What about Love? 爱又如何?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402004
Ana Nenadović
This article examines the representation of love in two contemporary Nigerian novels, Abubakar Adam Ibrahim’s Season of Crimson Blossoms (2015) and Akwaeke Emezi’s The Death of Vivek Oji (2020). Inspired by bell hooks’s understanding of love and Dani d’Emilia and Daniel B. Chávez’s manifesto Radical Tenderness Is … I suggest the concept of defiant love as a tool for analysing love as a form of civic dissent in these novels. ‘Defiant love,’ as I understand it, embraces the complementary duality of love as emotion and action. Consequently, to allow the emotion of love to evolve in violent and patriarchal circumstances already constitutes dissent with the status quo. I argue that the two novels explore relationships and alliances that defy patriarchal structures, in particular gender norms and heteronormativity. Season of Crimson Blossoms and The Death of Vivek Oji depict the potentiality of defiant love, be it between a middle-aged widow and a young man, or queer young people, in socio-political contexts of continuous political and ethnic tensions, oppression and violence. The novels negotiate what constitutes dissent and what role affects play in moments of civic dissent.
本文考察了阿布巴卡尔·亚当·易卜拉欣的《深红色的季节》(2015)和阿克瓦克·埃梅齐的《维韦克·奥吉之死》(2020)这两部当代尼日利亚小说对爱情的表现。受贝尔·胡克斯对爱的理解以及达尼·德·艾米利亚和丹尼尔·b·Chávez的宣言《激进的温柔是…》的启发,我建议将反抗之爱的概念作为分析这些小说中作为公民异议形式的爱的工具。“反抗之爱”,在我的理解中,包含了爱作为情感和行动的互补二元性。因此,允许爱的情感在暴力和父权的环境中进化,已经构成了对现状的异议。我认为,这两部小说探索了无视父权结构的关系和联盟,尤其是性别规范和异性恋规范。《深红花开的季节》和《维韦克·欧吉之死》描绘了在持续的政治和种族紧张、压迫和暴力的社会政治背景下,中年寡妇和年轻男子或酷儿年轻人之间的挑衅之爱的潜力。这些小说讨论了什么是异议,以及在公民异议的时刻,什么影响了自己的角色。
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引用次数: 0
Na Today? 今日娜?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402008
S. David
The Lekki Tollgate massacre, which was part of the brutal tactics used to put down the #EndSARS protests, underscored the incorrigibly violent nature of the Nigerian state. It also ruptured the sense of linear progressive time which governs the hegemonic conception of history and memory in Nigeria—for instance, time as post-civil war, post-dictatorship, etc. The boundary of this idea of a nation on a progressive march, made up of people healed of all traumas, and cured of their historical scars is fiercely and violently policed. A case in point is the fervour with which Biafra as a form of collective memory is being resisted and silenced. However, the murderous incident at the tollgate brought to the fore the fact that each violent moment in Nigeria’s turbulent history has created a fractured sense of history for many victims, and consequently hampered the possibility of forging a settled sense of belonging and national unity. One site where this sense of history as violently fractured has been adequately imagined is the creative arts, especially poetry. Poems have archived, mediated, and remediated memories of violence that are mostly excised from official history. Thus, in this article I read selected poems from Soro Soke, a poetry collection curated by Brittle Paper in collaboration with James Yeku and Jumoke Verissimo. My aim is to examine how the poetic responses to the Lekki massacre generate alternative, unvarnished historiographies that call attention to the haunting and brooding presence of Nigeria’s brutal past in the present. I am also interested in the ways in which the selected works act as archives of violent memories and how they seek to recover the humanity of those killed by naming them and grieving their loss.
Lekki Tollgate大屠杀是用来镇压#EndSARS抗议活动的野蛮策略的一部分,突显了尼日利亚国家不可救药的暴力本质。它还打破了线性进步的时间观念,这种观念支配着尼日利亚历史和记忆的霸权概念,例如,内战后的时间,独裁统治后的时间等。这个国家正在前进,由治愈了所有创伤和历史伤疤的人组成,这个想法的边界受到了激烈和暴力的监管。一个恰当的例子是,比夫拉作为一种集体记忆形式正受到抵制和压制。然而,收费站的杀人事件凸显了这样一个事实,即尼日利亚动荡历史上的每一个暴力时刻都给许多受害者造成了一种破碎的历史感,从而阻碍了形成一种稳定的归属感和国家团结感的可能性。这种强烈断裂的历史感被充分想象的一个地方是创造性艺术,尤其是诗歌。诗歌保存、调解和修复了大部分从官方历史中删除的暴力记忆。因此,在这篇文章中,我阅读了《Soro Soke》中的诗歌选集,《Soro Soke》是由脆性纸公司与詹姆斯·叶库和朱莫克·维里西莫合作策划的诗集。我的目的是研究对莱基大屠杀的诗意回应是如何产生另一种不加修饰的历史编纂方法的,这种方法让人们注意到尼日利亚残酷的过去在现在的挥之不去和令人沉思的存在。我也对这些被选中的作品作为暴力记忆档案的方式感兴趣,以及它们如何通过命名和哀悼遇难者来寻求恢复他们的人性。
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引用次数: 0
Literature as Worldly Action 作为世俗行动的文学
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402005
Alessandra Di Pietro
This paper aims to demonstrate how the various declinations of public and private dissent represented in a contemporary work of African literature, The Death of Vivek Oji (2020) by Akwaeke Emezi, can be read as an instance of literature’s world-making capacity. As the novel’s title anticipates, The Death of Vivek Oji reconstructs the life of its eponymous protagonist and the events that led to their death (Vivek is a non-binary, transgender person and both male and female pronouns are used to refer to them). Emezi’s novel is set in Nigeria during the late 1990s and the narrative actively engages in a representation of the socio-political situation of the country back then, covering the impact that the sudden death of the head of state, Sani Abacha, had on the population. Throughout the novel, dissent is depicted on two levels: on the one hand, it appears as an expression of democratic desire through the public protests against the country’s politics, as well as acts of violence against and among ethno-religious groups; on the other hand, there is also a parallel representation of private dissent in terms of the affirmation of one’s own identity. Vivek’s decision to not cut their long hair becomes, therefore, a form of personal opposition against society’s pre-imposed gendered constructs. In this sense, if the social stigma attached to members of the LGBT community is personified by the incapacity of Vivek’s parents to accept and understand their non-binary child, Vivek’s friends represent a communal act of resistance against such an oppressive social system. Ultimately, the opposition between public and private dissent finds its climax in Vivek’s death, in its causes and consequences. Building the critical analysis of the novel upon recent conceptualisations of literature as an active force that provokes dissent (Cheah 2016, Burns 2019), this paper demonstrates how Emezi’s narrative uses representations of public and private dissent to contest the current world in order to engage in the construction of a more equal one.
本文旨在展示Akwaeke Emezi的当代非洲文学作品《Vivek Oji之死》(2020)中所代表的公共和私人异议的各种衰落,如何被视为文学创造世界能力的一个例子。正如小说的标题所预料的那样,《维韦克·Oji之死》重构了同名主人公的生活,以及导致他们死亡的事件(维韦克是一个非二元的跨性别者,男性和女性代词都被用来指代他们)。埃梅齐的小说以20世纪90年代末的尼日利亚为背景,叙述了当时该国的社会政治状况,包括国家元首萨尼·阿巴查(Sani Abacha)的突然去世对民众的影响。在整部小说中,异见从两个层面进行描述:一方面,它表现为一种民主愿望的表达,通过对国家政治的公众抗议,以及对民族宗教团体的暴力行为;另一方面,在对自己身份的肯定方面,也有一种私人异议的平行表现。因此,维韦克不剪长发的决定成为了一种个人反对社会预先强加的性别结构的形式。从这个意义上说,如果社会对LGBT群体成员的污名体现在Vivek的父母无法接受和理解他们的非双性恋孩子上,那么Vivek的朋友们代表了对这种压迫性社会制度的一种集体抵抗行为。最终,公共和私人异议之间的对立在维韦克之死及其原因和后果中达到了高潮。在对小说进行批判性分析的基础上,最近将文学概念定义为一种激发异议的积极力量(Cheah 2016, Burns 2019),本文展示了埃梅兹的叙事如何利用公共和私人异议的表征来挑战当前世界,以参与构建一个更平等的世界。
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引用次数: 0
Trust in Shared Narratives 对共同叙事的信任
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402007
Esther Nyam, V. Hediger
Stories are a function of violent conflicts. Stories provide reasons for and can serve to instigate conflicts, they make conflicts readable, and they provide narrative closure, i.e., a sense of finality, and thus potentially restore trust between conflict parties. This study focuses on a specific form of storytelling used in a conflict setting, namely docudrama and re-enactment of traumatic experiences of conflict. The study posits that, in the absence of other forms of effective civic dissent to force better outcomes in governance and particularly the provision of security through the state, docudrama and the re-enactment of personal experiences of violence can lead to conscientization and healing, even as the stories expressed in re-enactment lay the groundwork for post-conflict narrative closure. The location of study is in Benue and Plateau States, Nigeria. Because of climate change and migratory pressures in the wake of the drying up of Lake Chad these states are prone to violent land disputes. The target population of the study are refugees affected by conflicts between Fulani herdsmen and farmers, who are currently estimated at over 100,000. The study offers an opportunity to be active participants and to acquire skills and training in storytelling and re-enactment primarily to women, children and youths. Interviews, focus group discussions (FGD s), and participatory observation are used to collect data. A pilot study in Daudu camp in Guma LGA (Local Government Area) and later in 2023, a Theatre for Development and a feature film was carried out in Adeke, Ogondu and Asyoko community of Benue State and a Theatre for Development Drama and Feature Film production carried out in Mikang LGA of Plateau State illustrate the methods and aims of the study. Anchored in “Reflective African Theory” the study uses Brecht’s “Forum Theatre” technique to show how docudrama can be used to explore the motives of the violent conflict and contribute to the rebuilding of trust in situations of conflict. The study, which results from a collaboration between the authors in the framework of the World Academy of Sciences, aims to contribute to the corpus of African studies and offer new perspectives for peace and conflict studies.
故事是暴力冲突的产物。故事为冲突提供了原因,也可以用来煽动冲突,它们让冲突变得可读,它们提供了叙事的结尾,也就是一种终结感,因此有可能恢复冲突各方之间的信任。本研究的重点是在冲突环境中使用的一种特定的讲故事形式,即纪实剧和冲突创伤经历的重演。该研究认为,在缺乏其他形式的有效公民异议来迫使治理产生更好的结果,特别是通过国家提供安全的情况下,纪实剧和个人暴力经历的重演可以导致觉悟和愈合,即使重演中表达的故事为冲突后叙事的结束奠定了基础。研究地点在尼日利亚的贝努埃和高原州。由于气候变化和乍得湖干涸后的移民压力,这些州容易发生暴力土地纠纷。这项研究的目标人口是受富拉尼牧民和农民之间冲突影响的难民,目前估计超过10万人。这项研究主要为妇女、儿童和青年提供了积极参与和获得讲故事和重演的技能和培训的机会。访谈、焦点小组讨论(FGD s)和参与性观察用于收集数据。在Guma LGA(地方政府区)的Daudu营地进行了试点研究,随后在2023年,在Benue州的Adeke, Ogondu和Asyoko社区进行了发展剧院和故事片制作,在高原州的Mikang LGA进行了发展剧院戏剧和故事片制作,说明了研究的方法和目标。该研究以“反思非洲理论”为基础,使用布莱希特的“论坛剧场”技术来展示如何利用纪实剧来探索暴力冲突的动机,并有助于在冲突局势中重建信任。这项研究是两位作者在世界科学院框架内合作的结果,它旨在为非洲研究的语料库做出贡献,并为和平与冲突研究提供新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Proximate Thuggery 近似暴行
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402003
Tolulope Akinwole
In this paper, I rethink thuggery, an overt form of dissent, as a spatial structural frame. Through a close reading of everyday forms of thuggery in Nigeria, exemplified in literary, musical, and photographic forms, I argue that not only is thuggery ubiquitous in the African postcolony but also that it is the means by which the citizenry assert their citizenship, structure their space, and perform democracy. I use the phrase “proximate thuggery” in two ways: first, to broaden the commonplace definition of thuggery as violent antisocial behavior which does not hold up in many postcolonial states where there seems no line separating the violent from the non-violent, where the insidiously violent masquerades as non-violent; and second, to signal the quotidian nature of dissent and therefore refocus attention on those manifestations of thuggery even in corridors of power. If the purpose of critical cultural studies is to understand a problem from its roots in order to suggest useful solutions, it seems fitting to pay attention to everyday, non-spectacular forms of dissent—for, among other reasons, attention to overt forms of dissent isolates them as anomalies and leads to inadequate solutions.
在本文中,我重新思考了作为一种空间结构框架的公开形式的谋反行为。通过对尼日利亚日常形式的杀戮(以文学、音乐和摄影形式为例)的仔细阅读,我认为,杀戮不仅在非洲后殖民地无处不在,而且是公民维护其公民身份、构建其空间和行使民主的手段。我用“近似暴力”这个词有两种目的:第一,拓宽对暴力的定义,将其定义为暴力的反社会行为,这在许多后殖民国家并不成立,在那里暴力与非暴力似乎没有界限,在那里,阴险的暴力伪装成非暴力;第二,表明异议的日常性质,从而将注意力重新集中在那些甚至在权力走廊里的暴行表现上。如果批判性文化研究的目的是从根源上理解问题,以便提出有用的解决方案,那么关注日常的、不引人注目的异见形式似乎是合适的——因为,除其他原因外,关注公开的异见形式将它们视为异常现象,并导致不充分的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Violence-as-Norm in the Postcolony 后殖民中的暴力即规范
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402009
Mathias Iroro Orhero, Chikezirim Nwoke
In this paper, we explore forms of statist violence in both colonial and postcolonial contexts to underscore it as a constant in a postcolonial location like Nigeria. In addition to exploring how statist violence works, we also position civic dissent as a strategy employed in the colony and postcolony to confront statist violence. Our theorization of “violence-as-norm” is motivated by earlier ideas like the works of the South Asian Subaltern Studies Collective, Tejumola Olaniyan’s “postcolonial incredible,” Toyin Falola’s views on violence within Nigerian history, and Achille Mbembe’s notions of banality and vulgarity in the postcolony. Our paper engages with Peter Omoko’s Majestic Revolt to demonstrate how “violence-as-norm” mediates colonial violence and civic dissent. Furthermore, by close-reading Chiedozie Omeje’s “When Cowards Win,” we explore postcolonial forms of violence through the EndSARS movement against police brutality in Nigeria to demonstrate how civic dissent is performed and ruptured in the contemporary moment. Ultimately, our research positions the Fanonist category of violence as a way to imagine the inherent coloniality of postcolonial nation-states, thereby extending the critique of the nation-form in postcolonial studies.
在本文中,我们探讨了殖民和后殖民背景下国家主义暴力的形式,以强调它在尼日利亚等后殖民地区是一个常数。除了探索中央集权暴力如何运作之外,我们还将公民异议定位为殖民地和后殖民地对抗中央集权暴力的一种策略。我们对“暴力即规范”的理论是受到早期思想的启发,如南亚次等研究团体的作品、Tejumola Olaniyan的“后殖民不可思议”、Toyin Falola对尼日利亚历史中的暴力的看法,以及Achille Mbembe在后殖民时期的平庸和庸俗观念。我们的论文结合Peter Omoko的《雄伟的反抗》来展示“暴力作为规范”是如何调解殖民暴力和公民异议的。此外,通过仔细阅读Chiedozie Omeje的《当懦夫获胜》,我们通过EndSARS运动来探索后殖民时期的暴力形式,以反对尼日利亚的警察暴行,以展示公民异议在当代是如何表现和破裂的。最终,我们的研究将狂热主义的暴力范畴定位为一种想象后殖民民族国家固有的殖民性的方式,从而扩展了后殖民研究中对民族形式的批判。
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引用次数: 0
Dramatic Dissent in Wole Soyinka’s Metaphysical Play Death and the King’s Horseman (1975) and Biyi Bandele’s Netflix Adaptation Elesin Oba: The King’s Horseman (2022) 沃莱-索因卡(Wole Soyinka)的形而上学戏剧《死亡与国王的骑士》(1975 年)和 Biyi Bandele 的 Netflix 改编作品《Elesin Oba:国王的骑士》(2022 年)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402002
Hannah Pardey
Approaching the theme of this special issue as a dramatic structure, the contribution investigates the representation of dissenting practices in Wole Soyinka’s Death and the King’s Horseman and Biyi Bandele’s Elesin Oba: The King’s Horseman. First published in 1975, Soyinka’s metaphysical play dramatises the events surrounding the eponymous protagonist Elesin Oba who, according to Yoruba cosmology, must follow the king in death to ensure harmony between this world and the next. Questioning both metaphysical and Marxist readings of the play, I argue that its employment of ritual as a dramaturgical device functions to explore the intricate reasons for failed leadership in post-independence Nigeria. This re-reading of Soyinka’s classic is informed by its recent screen adaptation, Elesin Oba: The King’s Horseman, which was co-produced by Ebonylife Films and Netflix and directed by the late Nigerian playwright and filmmaker Biyi Bandele. Reinforcing new Nollywood’s budding relationship with Netflix and its accompanying globalisation, Bandele’s movie appropriates the play’s dramatic structure of dissent on the levels of cinematography and editing, mise-en-scène and sound, inviting its transnational viewers to consider past and present manifestations of dissent as a means of managing and envisioning possible solutions to contemporary conflicts. The conclusion stresses that the ritual form presents a flexible device to interrogate historically specific power relations and encourage distinct generations of audiences to imagine their forms, causes, and alternatives; whereas Soyinka’s play suggests that these alternatives rest on the capabilities of the educated middle classes, Bandele’s movie constructs more diversified audiences which may settle for its consoling or dissenting aesthetics, respectively.
本期特刊以戏剧结构为主题,探讨了沃勒·索因卡的《死亡与国王的骑士》和比伊·班德尔的《埃莱辛·奥巴:国王的骑士》中不同做法的表现。索因卡的这部形而上学戏剧于1975年首次出版,它将同名主人公埃里森·奥巴周围的事件戏剧化,根据约鲁巴人的宇宙观,埃里森·奥巴必须跟随国王死亡,以确保今世和来世的和谐。我质疑对这部戏剧的形而上学和马克思主义解读,认为它将仪式作为一种戏剧手段来探索独立后的尼日利亚领导层失败的复杂原因。索因卡这部经典作品的重新阅读源于最近改编的电影《埃里森·奥巴:国王的骑士》,这部电影由Ebonylife电影公司和Netflix联合制作,由已故的尼日利亚剧作家和电影制作人比伊·班德尔执导。班德尔的电影强化了新瑙莱坞与Netflix的新兴关系,以及随之而来的全球化,在摄影和剪辑、场景布置和声音的层面上,运用了该剧的戏剧性结构,邀请跨国观众考虑过去和现在的不同表现,作为一种管理和设想当代冲突可能解决方案的手段。结论强调,仪式形式呈现出一种灵活的手段,可以询问历史上特定的权力关系,并鼓励不同时代的观众想象它们的形式、原因和替代方案;索因卡的剧本表明,这些选择取决于受过良好教育的中产阶级的能力,而班德尔的电影则构建了更多元化的观众,他们可能分别满足于其安慰或反对的美学。
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引用次数: 0
Ecobordering 生态边界
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05402006
M. N. Okolie, Ogochukwu Ukwueze
Considering the literary response to the environmental crisis in the Niger Delta, it is observable that most critics of the literary arts on the Niger Delta homogenise the effects of the environmental problem, rather than focusing on particular groups of ecological subjects. These critics universalise environmental discourse, thereby overlooking more silenced and marginalised ecological subjects and subverting environmental justice. Using Helon Habila’s Oil on Water and Kaine Agary’s Yellow Yellow, this study responds to the need to individualise the effect of environmental degradation by focusing on Niger Delta women who are both culturally and environmentally constrained. It combines border theories and ecofeminism to pay detailed attention to the literary representation of women’s precarious positionality, a situation of both spatial and symbolic vulnerability. It also explores women’s reception of and interaction with the polluted environment, given that the locations of degradation (the farms and freshwater), according to African culture, are gender-sensitive spaces and that African rural women mostly depend on farming and water for household work. Lastly, this paper examines women’s response to the violence of environmental pollution, thereby underscoring agency and visibility for women in connection with environment.
考虑到尼日尔三角洲对环境危机的文学反应,可以观察到,大多数对尼日尔三角洲文学艺术的批评都将环境问题的影响同质化,而不是关注特定的生态主题群体。这些批评者将环境话语普遍化,从而忽视了更多沉默和边缘化的生态主体,颠覆了环境正义。利用Helon Habila的《Oil on Water》和Kaine Agary的《Yellow Yellow》,这项研究通过关注尼日尔三角洲受文化和环境双重限制的妇女,回应了个性化环境退化影响的需求。它将边界理论与生态女性主义相结合,详细关注女性不稳定地位的文学表现,这是一种空间和象征上的脆弱性。鉴于退化的地点(农场和淡水),根据非洲文化,是性别敏感的空间,而且非洲农村妇女大多依靠农业和水从事家务劳动,它还探讨了妇女对受污染环境的接受和相互作用。最后,本文探讨了妇女对环境污染暴力的反应,从而强调了妇女在环境方面的能动性和能见度。
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引用次数: 0
The Unwritten 不成文的规定
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1163/18757421-05401007
Pralini Naidoo
For many years, having searched for the foods with which I had grown up within the pages of published recipe books, I realised that there was a lack of written representation around what I had understood as ancestral foods. Neither could I find the voices of the mothers and grandmothers who had fed our bodies and spirits. Through the lens of Indian indenture, a colonial system of servitude that had introduced my ancestors to South Africa, I attempt to understand why. While published recipe books offer multiple readings, they are also powerful forms of knowledge production, contributing to narrow formulations of identity. Power dictates what is published and how. By exploring how recipes live beyond words on the page, I suggest that the possibility exists to revisit hidden food narratives while recognising the creativity, ingenuity, and adaptability of many women, who are usually rendered invisible within food texts. Through poetry, story, and my mother’s handwritten recipe book, I search for my mother and the taste of home.
多年来,我一直在出版的食谱书中寻找与我一起成长的食物,但我意识到,我所理解的祖传食物缺乏文字表述。我也找不到曾经喂养我们身体和精神的母亲和祖母们的声音。通过印度契约--一种将我的祖先引入南非的殖民奴役制度--的视角,我试图理解其中的原因。虽然出版的食谱书提供了多种解读,但它们也是强大的知识生产形式,有助于形成狭隘的身份认同。权力决定了出版的内容和方式。通过探索食谱如何超越纸上的文字而存在,我认为有可能重新审视隐藏的食物叙事,同时承认许多女性的创造力、独创性和适应性,她们通常在食物文本中被忽略。通过诗歌、故事和母亲的手写食谱,我寻找母亲和家的味道。
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