The English verb climb has a greater range of syntactic formulations than its Ladin and Italian counterparts, the majority of which do not take direct objects and most commonly express effortful uphill movement; however, German appears typologically closer to English. As a result, the question arises as to whether English learners with diverse first languages make different lexical and syntactic choices when describing climbing scenes in the target language. Because of diverse cross-linguistic impacts, it is expected that German speakers will employ the English verb climb in more contexts than Ladin and Italian speakers. Trentino-South Tyrolean speakers of Ladin (n = 13), Italian (n = 40), and German (n = 40) describe 12 artworks depicting a figure rising in various surroundings and directions, to confirm this fact. The preceding finding is corroborated by an online video-description task completed by speakers of Ladin (n = 57), Italian (n = 45), and German (n = 45). Despite difficulties distinguishing across multilingual groups of learners, this study reveals disparities amongst student groups with similar multilingual backgrounds. Contrastive assessment of multilingual learners' descriptions of human climbing scenarios indicates tendencies that are likely attributable to cross-linguistic variance.
{"title":"Encoding climbing scenes in English : frequency and patterns in descriptions written by speakers of diverse languages","authors":"Martina Irsara","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"The English verb climb has a greater range of syntactic formulations than its Ladin and Italian counterparts, the majority of which do not take direct objects and most commonly express effortful uphill movement; however, German appears typologically closer to English. As a result, the question arises as to whether English learners with diverse first languages make different lexical and syntactic choices when describing climbing scenes in the target language. Because of diverse cross-linguistic impacts, it is expected that German speakers will employ the English verb climb in more contexts than Ladin and Italian speakers. Trentino-South Tyrolean speakers of Ladin (n = 13), Italian (n = 40), and German (n = 40) describe 12 artworks depicting a figure rising in various surroundings and directions, to confirm this fact. The preceding finding is corroborated by an online video-description task completed by speakers of Ladin (n = 57), Italian (n = 45), and German (n = 45). Despite difficulties distinguishing across multilingual groups of learners, this study reveals disparities amongst student groups with similar multilingual backgrounds. Contrastive assessment of multilingual learners' descriptions of human climbing scenarios indicates tendencies that are likely attributable to cross-linguistic variance.","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Sauer, Hans; Kirner-Ludwig, Monika. Evolution of English: studying the past, understanding the present]","authors":"J. Chovanec","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structuralist-inspired development of narrative theories in France from the late 1960s onward has spawned a whole host of opportunities to explore the way narratives function. This is precisely what Gerald Prince undertakes in his Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative, in which he delineates the mutual relationship between the narrator and the narratee as two of the most important constituents in any narrative. This framework is useful for the study of Robert Frost's narrative poetry, which comprised a large part of his oeuvre at a time when the form had become marginalized due to conforming to the poetic conventions that modernism tended to undermine. This research explores Frost's modernist take on this conventional genre through a narratological study of his poem “A Servant to Servants.”
{"title":"Robert Frost's dramatic monologue : the two sides of the narrative in \"A Servant to Servants\"","authors":"Hossein Nazari, Sara Taghvaei Shahroodi","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-2-9","url":null,"abstract":"The structuralist-inspired development of narrative theories in France from the late 1960s onward has spawned a whole host of opportunities to explore the way narratives function. This is precisely what Gerald Prince undertakes in his Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative, in which he delineates the mutual relationship between the narrator and the narratee as two of the most important constituents in any narrative. This framework is useful for the study of Robert Frost's narrative poetry, which comprised a large part of his oeuvre at a time when the form had become marginalized due to conforming to the poetic conventions that modernism tended to undermine. This research explores Frost's modernist take on this conventional genre through a narratological study of his poem “A Servant to Servants.”","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the multimodal discourse analysis, the contribution attempts to describe the genre of online video tutorial, focusing primarily on the involved modes and their interplay. The research has been done on the corpus consisting of online video tutorials on differential and integral calculus (e.g. first-order linear differential equations) which are available on the Internet and made by native speakers of English. In order to comment on differences between online and offline practices a referential group of standard lectures on infinitesimal calculus has been investigated as well. A case study focusing on forms of explication from the multimodal perspective has been carried out; seven presentational formats were compared both quantitatively and qualitatively to find out how various communication techniques are employed.
{"title":"Multimodal analysis of mathematics video tutorials : orchestration of modes","authors":"Simona Korytářová","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the multimodal discourse analysis, the contribution attempts to describe the genre of online video tutorial, focusing primarily on the involved modes and their interplay. The research has been done on the corpus consisting of online video tutorials on differential and integral calculus (e.g. first-order linear differential equations) which are available on the Internet and made by native speakers of English. In order to comment on differences between online and offline practices a referential group of standard lectures on infinitesimal calculus has been investigated as well. A case study focusing on forms of explication from the multimodal perspective has been carried out; seven presentational formats were compared both quantitatively and qualitatively to find out how various communication techniques are employed.","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the noticeably low presence of Canadian literature in hemispheric American literary research. The fact that hemispheric literary studies focuses on a comparison of the United States and Spanish America is partly because of Canada's marginal position in the Americas, its lack of identification with the continent, and Canadian scholars' reluctance to engage in hemispheric studies due to their insecurity concerning cultural identity and the discipline's potential imperialistic impulses. By examining a representative history of Canadian literature and several literary studies for intersections and tangencies between Canadian literature and other literatures of the Americas, this paper will demonstrate that there are natural links between them, which make a transnational comparative approach to Canadian literature both legitimate and desirable.
{"title":"Canadian literature as an American literature : CanLit through the lens of hemispheric American literary studies","authors":"Lucia Grauzľová","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the noticeably low presence of Canadian literature in hemispheric American literary research. The fact that hemispheric literary studies focuses on a comparison of the United States and Spanish America is partly because of Canada's marginal position in the Americas, its lack of identification with the continent, and Canadian scholars' reluctance to engage in hemispheric studies due to their insecurity concerning cultural identity and the discipline's potential imperialistic impulses. By examining a representative history of Canadian literature and several literary studies for intersections and tangencies between Canadian literature and other literatures of the Americas, this paper will demonstrate that there are natural links between them, which make a transnational comparative approach to Canadian literature both legitimate and desirable.","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research hypothesizes that the American 2020 Presidential debate participants used recurrent interruptions as a communicative strategy to gain more power on the debate floor and win the voters' support. The form of political interaction (televised debates) also affected the candidates' speech behavior in a way that it added another participant (the general public) to the discussion; as a result, an institutionally controlled form of political discourse was subjected to a medial turn. This kind of media influence contributed to the speakers' choice of specific interruption types during the debates. The research analyses the turn-taking strategies of D. Trump and J. Biden employed in the First and Second (and Final) Debates and matches them with the pre- and post-debate poll results. The article concludes that although having a certain impact on the perception of the politicians' personalities, the effect of interruptions as a debate strategy on the voters' final choices was marginal.
{"title":"Effectiveness of interruptions as a communicative strategy in the 2020 Presidential Debates in the USA","authors":"A. Tymbay","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"The research hypothesizes that the American 2020 Presidential debate participants used recurrent interruptions as a communicative strategy to gain more power on the debate floor and win the voters' support. The form of political interaction (televised debates) also affected the candidates' speech behavior in a way that it added another participant (the general public) to the discussion; as a result, an institutionally controlled form of political discourse was subjected to a medial turn. This kind of media influence contributed to the speakers' choice of specific interruption types during the debates. The research analyses the turn-taking strategies of D. Trump and J. Biden employed in the First and Second (and Final) Debates and matches them with the pre- and post-debate poll results. The article concludes that although having a certain impact on the perception of the politicians' personalities, the effect of interruptions as a debate strategy on the voters' final choices was marginal.","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to formulate the notion of metaphodiom and establish operational criteria for its definition by combining key insights emanating from quantitative corpus linguistics, the cognitive theory of metaphor, and a cognitive linguistic approach to idioms. To this end, the author selects boxing idioms for analysis, extracts their occurrences in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and determines their structural, semantic, distributional, and discourse-functional properties. The paper makes a significant contribution to a growing body of literature on metaphorical idioms by systematically integrating all definitory parameters for their identification, description, and extraction from a large corpus of naturally-occurring data.
{"title":"Metaphodioms: connecting metaphor and idioms","authors":"Jarosław Wiliński","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to formulate the notion of metaphodiom and establish operational criteria for its definition by combining key insights emanating from quantitative corpus linguistics, the cognitive theory of metaphor, and a cognitive linguistic approach to idioms. To this end, the author selects boxing idioms for analysis, extracts their occurrences in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and determines their structural, semantic, distributional, and discourse-functional properties. The paper makes a significant contribution to a growing body of literature on metaphorical idioms by systematically integrating all definitory parameters for their identification, description, and extraction from a large corpus of naturally-occurring data.","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article offers a close literary analysis of Kate Atkinson's Jackson Brodie novels through the theoretical rubric of Critical Animal Studies. I demonstrate how animals haunt the texts and how serious and respectful scholarly engagement with the specter of the animal other allows fresh insights and ways of thinking to emerge. As the analysis develops, I deploy the conceptual tools of Vegan Studies to suggest that meaningful multispecies relationships require us to devise radically innovative terminological, epistemological and ontological frameworks. The questions that arise when reading beyond the human in these novels create pathways that allow us to take some tentative steps towards a world that is more just for animals and more reflective of the "love" most people profess for the animals with whom they share their lives and homes. This article is an interrogation of literary representations and the assumptions that are embedded in those representations, a provocation to read beyond the human and a political plea for a more just world for all members of our societies. As a necessary first step, I argue that we must, at the very least, "see" the animal other when we read.
{"title":"Haunted by the specter of the animal other : reading beyond the human in Kate Atkinson's Jackson Brodie series","authors":"J. Murray","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a close literary analysis of Kate Atkinson's Jackson Brodie novels through the theoretical rubric of Critical Animal Studies. I demonstrate how animals haunt the texts and how serious and respectful scholarly engagement with the specter of the animal other allows fresh insights and ways of thinking to emerge. As the analysis develops, I deploy the conceptual tools of Vegan Studies to suggest that meaningful multispecies relationships require us to devise radically innovative terminological, epistemological and ontological frameworks. The questions that arise when reading beyond the human in these novels create pathways that allow us to take some tentative steps towards a world that is more just for animals and more reflective of the \"love\" most people profess for the animals with whom they share their lives and homes. This article is an interrogation of literary representations and the assumptions that are embedded in those representations, a provocation to read beyond the human and a political plea for a more just world for all members of our societies. As a necessary first step, I argue that we must, at the very least, \"see\" the animal other when we read.","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71337486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to analyse and compare representations of the Crimean war in three neo-Victorian novels, Beryl Bainbridge's Master Georgie (1998), Julia Gregson's The Water Horse (2004) and Katharine McMahon's The Rose of Sebastopol (2007), with reference to the commonly established view of this historical event. The novels foreground the experience of civilians who found themselves on the periphery of the battlefields, caring for the casualties of the war. As the course of history and private lives intersect, the main characters undergo a personal transformation; for the female protagonists, the experience leads to liberation from conventional gender roles. It is argued that by focusing on civilians rather than soldiers the novels offer a new perspective on the war; nonetheless, they uphold its overwhelmingly negative image in British collective memory.
{"title":"Carnage, medicine and \"The Woman Question\" : representations of the Crimean war in neo-Victorian fiction","authors":"B. Kucała","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyse and compare representations of the Crimean war in three neo-Victorian novels, Beryl Bainbridge's Master Georgie (1998), Julia Gregson's The Water Horse (2004) and Katharine McMahon's The Rose of Sebastopol (2007), with reference to the commonly established view of this historical event. The novels foreground the experience of civilians who found themselves on the periphery of the battlefields, caring for the casualties of the war. As the course of history and private lives intersect, the main characters undergo a personal transformation; for the female protagonists, the experience leads to liberation from conventional gender roles. It is argued that by focusing on civilians rather than soldiers the novels offer a new perspective on the war; nonetheless, they uphold its overwhelmingly negative image in British collective memory.","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71336893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to investigate the distribution and function of the determiners sē, sēo, þæt in Old English genitive noun phrases. The hypotheses presented stem from the analysis of the Old English version of Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum". Data shows, on the one hand, that determiners display a peculiar distribution, as their position varies according to the relative order of the genitive modifier and the head noun in genitive noun phrases, be it "genitive+noun" or "noun+genitive". On the other hand, their function does not seem to be as clear-cut as is usually described in grammar textbooks, since determiners appear to be used in a bridging context, oscillating between pragmatic or semantic definiteness. The discussion in this paper provides a functional description of determiners on the basis of the type of genitive noun phrase as a contribution to the debate on the status of determiners in Old English. Additionally, it provides a hypothesis concerning the apparent correlation between determiners and "head + modifier" structures where they appear to be six times as frequent as in "modifier + head": the hypothesis is that this correlation is not casual, but may have originated from appositive structures of the kind "Head-Noun+[DET+Adj/N]".
{"title":"Functions and distribution of determiners in Old English genitive noun phrases","authors":"Valeria Giofré","doi":"10.5817/bse2022-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the distribution and function of the determiners sē, sēo, þæt in Old English genitive noun phrases. The hypotheses presented stem from the analysis of the Old English version of Bede's \"Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum\". Data shows, on the one hand, that determiners display a peculiar distribution, as their position varies according to the relative order of the genitive modifier and the head noun in genitive noun phrases, be it \"genitive+noun\" or \"noun+genitive\". On the other hand, their function does not seem to be as clear-cut as is usually described in grammar textbooks, since determiners appear to be used in a bridging context, oscillating between pragmatic or semantic definiteness. The discussion in this paper provides a functional description of determiners on the basis of the type of genitive noun phrase as a contribution to the debate on the status of determiners in Old English. Additionally, it provides a hypothesis concerning the apparent correlation between determiners and \"head + modifier\" structures where they appear to be six times as frequent as in \"modifier + head\": the hypothesis is that this correlation is not casual, but may have originated from appositive structures of the kind \"Head-Noun+[DET+Adj/N]\".","PeriodicalId":35227,"journal":{"name":"Brno Studies in English","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71336963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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