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Geology and story in Alice Munro's "Axis" 爱丽丝·门罗《轴心》中的地质与故事
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-2-5
Jason A. Blake
Axis” appeared in 2011 in The New Yorker but never made it into Dear Life (2012), Munro’s final collection. The story includes a brief but crucial description of the Niagara Escarpment and other geological features that interrupt the otherwise bland landscape of Southern Ontario. This focus is in keeping with the “deepening geological sensibility” of Munro’s later work (Thacker 2016: 12). As Munro writes in “Axis,” the Escarpment is a “tower of ancient-looking rock that seem[s] quite out of place” among the flat roads west of Toronto (2012: 131). This paper argues that Munro uses geological symbolism with an overtness not seen elsewhere in her work. The Cambrian and the emotional converge in “Axis” and geology serves as a model for how a story can be put together. The geological model appears to mirror a predictable map, but Munro complicates the parallel between geological or geographical mapping by adding the unpredictable human element.
《轴心》曾于2011年出现在《纽约客》(The New Yorker)上,但从未被收录进门罗的最后一部作品集《亲爱的生活》(Dear Life, 2012)。这个故事包括对尼亚加拉悬崖和其他地质特征的简短但重要的描述,这些地质特征打断了安大略南部平淡无奇的景观。这种关注与门罗后期作品中“不断加深的地质敏感性”保持一致(Thacker 2016: 12)。正如门罗在《轴心》(Axis)中所写的那样,悬崖是一座“看起来很古老的岩石塔,看起来很不合适”,坐落在多伦多以西平坦的道路上(2012:131)。本文认为,门罗在她的其他作品中没有明显地使用地质象征主义。寒武纪和情感在《轴心》中汇合,而地质学则是一个故事如何组合在一起的模型。地质模型似乎反映了一张可预测的地图,但门罗通过添加不可预测的人为因素,使地质和地理制图之间的平行关系变得复杂。
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引用次数: 0
Depicting a political rival : evolution of Richard Steele's essay periodical writing 描绘政治对手:理查德·斯蒂尔的论文期刊写作演变
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-2-11
K. Kozak
The period between the Glorious Revolution and the end of Queen Anne’s reign was a time when political parties struggled with one another in order to create their own distinctive identity. The rivalry between Whigs and Tories defined the political situation in early eighteenthcentury Britain and laid the foundation for the development of the ministerial machine of propaganda aimed at discrediting opponents and justifying the policies of the government. The rhetoric adopted by the contemporary political writers included the reason-passion bias so inextricably associated with the philosophical background of the ‘Age of Reason’. From this perspective, this article sets out to trace the evolution in Steele’s journalistic productions (The Spectator, The Englishman, The Reader) and to delineate key changes in his strategies for achieving political goals and, at the same time, discredit his rival paper – The Examiner.
从光荣革命到安妮女王统治结束这段时间,各政党为了建立自己独特的身份而相互斗争。辉格党和托利党之间的竞争决定了18世纪早期英国的政治形势,并为部长宣传机器的发展奠定了基础,目的是诋毁对手,为政府的政策辩护。当代政治作家所采用的修辞包括理性-激情偏见,这与“理性时代”的哲学背景密不可分。从这个角度出发,本文将追溯斯蒂尔的新闻作品(《旁观者》、《英国人》、《读者》)的演变,并描绘他在实现政治目标的策略上的关键变化,同时,诋毁他的竞争对手《审查员》。
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引用次数: 0
Italian corporate codes of ethics : the influence of national regulatory framework 意大利企业道德准则:国家监管框架的影响
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-1
Cinzia Giglioni
In Italy, as elsewhere, codes of ethics are an integral part of the development of an ethical business behaviour and of a corporate identity and culture. In the present paper, ten codes of ethics adopted by ten large Italian companies active in different sectors are analysed within the theoretical framework of discourse analysis. The scope of this study is to understand whether the selected companies opt for a legalistic or a commitment-oriented code type. The analysis conducted on the collected corpus reveals the presence, or lack of thereof, of the typical traits of the two types both at a macroand a micro-textual level, although a tendency to employ a hybrid code was detected.
在意大利,和其他地方一样,道德准则是道德商业行为发展和企业形象和文化的一个组成部分。在本文中,在话语分析的理论框架内分析了活跃在不同部门的十家意大利大公司所采用的十项道德准则。本研究的范围是了解所选择的公司是选择法律型还是面向承诺型代码类型。对所收集的语料库进行的分析显示,在宏观和微观文本水平上存在或缺乏这两种类型的典型特征,尽管发现了使用混合代码的趋势。
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引用次数: 1
Humour as an art of descent and negative dialectics : a deleuzian analysis of the functions of humour in Trevor Griffiths' Comedians 幽默作为一种衰落的艺术和消极的辩证法——对格里菲思《喜剧家》中幽默功能的德勒兹式分析
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-5
A. Fakhrkonandeh
This essay undertakes an exploration of Trevor Griffiths’ Comedians to delineate the socio-cultural, moral and psychological functions of humour in it and to scrutinize how Griffiths adopts a negative-dialectical method to assay the socio-political efficacy of a socialist aesthetics by counterpointing various modes of humour against each other in this specific historical period (1970s). Nevertheless, the common thread here, as will be demonstrated, is that the modes of humour permeating Comedians are saliently tainted by various shades of tragedy. Chiefly drawing on Deleuze’s distinction between humour and irony, the thrust of the argument here is that, in Comedians, humour features as a means of psychological and ontic-ontological descent (into the subor unconscious of personal or national history) and of critical movement between immanent social-historical surfaces. Humour, in its negative-dialectical mode is also argued to feature as a political strategy where both sadistic irony and masochistic humour are possible strategies. More specifically, humour serves as a catalyst for putting metaphysics into motion. Metaphysics, in Comedians, designates the metaphysical conception of history, to wit, history as a determinate, teleological narrative. To put such a metaphysical history into motion means to expose its immanence and reveal it to be a historical process and a human construct, susceptible to being altered.
本文对特雷弗·格里菲斯(Trevor Griffiths)的《喜剧演员》(comedy)进行了探讨,描绘了幽默在其中的社会文化、道德和心理功能,并审视了格里菲斯(Griffiths)在这一特定历史时期(20世纪70年代)是如何采用否定辩证的方法,通过将各种幽默模式相互对立来分析社会主义美学的社会政治功效的。然而,这里的共同点是,喜剧演员的幽默模式明显受到各种悲剧阴影的污染。主要借鉴德勒兹对幽默和反讽的区分,这里的论点重点是,在《喜剧家》中,幽默的特点是作为一种心理和本体论的下降(进入个人或国家历史的潜意识)和内在社会历史表面之间的批判运动的手段。幽默在其消极辩证模式下也被认为是一种政治策略,虐待性讽刺和受虐性幽默都是可能的策略。更具体地说,幽默是将形而上学付诸行动的催化剂。在《喜剧家》中,形而上学指的是形而上学的历史观,即历史是一种确定的、目的论的叙述。要使这样一种形而上学的历史运动起来,就意味着要揭示它的内在性,揭示它是一种历史过程,是一种易于改变的人类建构。
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引用次数: 2
Beckett's Waiting for Godot : a historical play with two Jews as main characters 贝克特的《等待戈多》:一部以两个犹太人为主角的历史剧
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-8
O. Hirsch
In a new interpretation of Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, Valentin and Pierre Temkine came to the conclusion that it is not a piece of absurd theatre, but a play with a concrete historical background. Based on geographical locations and specific terms used in the original French version, they locate the play in German-occupied France during the Second World War. This article shows that Beckett assimilated his wartime experiences in the play and showed sympathy for the Jews who were hunted by the Germans and their collaborators. Vladimir and Estragon can be regarded as two Jews waiting for someone who will bring them deeper into either the Italian-occupied zone or Switzerland. Godot is therefore an alias for a smuggler taking precautions against arrest. Concrete references in the play are discussed against the historical background to support the thesis of a historical foundation. Several other authors have also stated that the play makes references to the Holocaust.
在对塞缪尔·贝克特的《等待戈多》的新解读中,瓦伦丁和皮埃尔·特姆金得出结论,这不是一部荒诞的戏剧,而是一部具有具体历史背景的戏剧。根据法国原版的地理位置和特定术语,他们将该剧定位在二战期间被德国占领的法国。这篇文章表明,贝克特在戏剧中吸收了他的战时经历,并对被德国人及其通敌者追捕的犹太人表示同情。弗拉基米尔和埃斯特拉贡可以被看作是两个犹太人,他们在等着一个人把他们带到意大利占领区或瑞士的更深处。因此,戈多是一个为防止被捕而采取预防措施的走私者的别名。并结合历史背景对剧中的具体参考文献进行了探讨,以支撑具有历史基础的论文。其他几位作者也指出,该剧提到了大屠杀。
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引用次数: 0
Vimy, Gallipoli, trauma, and the poetics of grief : re-reading the myths of the First World War in Jane Urquhart's The Stone Carvers and Brenda Walker's The Wing of Night 维米、加里波利、创伤和悲伤的诗学:重读简·厄克特的《石刻者》和布伦达·沃克的《夜之翼》中的第一次世界大战神话
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-4
A. Branach-Kallas
The article is a comparative analysis of The Stone Carvers (2001) by Canadian author Jane Urquhart and The Wing of Night (2005) by Australian writer Brenda Walker, which explore the First World War and its aftermath. My purpose is to demonstrate how the two novels engage with the foundational myths of Vimy and Gallipoli by representing the two battles from unusual perspectives. Instead of celebrating the violent crisis seen as the birthplace of their respective nations, Urquhart and Walker foreground violence as the foundation of the nation-state. Using trauma theories, I explore Urquhart’s and Walker’s representation of war injuries, as well as the traumatic impact of national ideologies on personal and collective identities. While both texts offer an insightful re-reading of the myths of the Great War, Urquhart creates a vision of harmony resulting from the tragedy of the past, whereas Walker’s gesture of revision is more radical, as she insists on the impossibility of post-war reconstruction.
这篇文章是对加拿大作家简·厄克特的《石刻者》(2001)和澳大利亚作家布伦达·沃克的《夜之翼》(2005)的比较分析,这两部作品探讨了第一次世界大战及其后果。我的目的是从不同寻常的角度来展示这两部小说是如何与维米和加里波利的基本神话联系在一起的。厄克特和沃克没有将暴力危机视为各自国家的发源地,而是将暴力视为民族国家的基础。运用创伤理论,我探讨了厄克特和沃克对战争创伤的表现,以及国家意识形态对个人和集体身份的创伤性影响。虽然这两篇文章都对一战的神话进行了深刻的重新解读,厄克特从过去的悲剧中创造了一种和谐的愿景,而沃克的修正姿态更为激进,因为她坚持认为战后重建是不可能的。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting William Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell : a reading against Kathleen Raine's Blake and Antiquity 重读威廉·布莱克的《天堂与地狱的婚姻》:对照凯瑟琳·雷恩的《布莱克与古代》的解读
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-14
Krešimir Vunić
William Blake’s Marriage of Heaven and Hell is a text that can easily be misinterpreted and this is primarily due to its register and tone; Blake has written a text in which what appears to be mystical insight may blind the reader to a misunderstanding of its major themes. The arts, and specifically the art of poetry and the relationship between the artist and society are what are central in this text, as well as a meditation on the nature of human experience. Beginning with a polemic against Kathleen Raine’s statements in Blake and Antiquity, what will be explored here will be the contextual framework of Blake’s poetics in this text and their further implications.
威廉·布莱克的《天堂与地狱的婚姻》很容易被误解,这主要是由于它的音域和语气;布莱克写了一篇文章,其中看似神秘的洞察力可能会使读者对其主要主题产生误解。艺术,特别是诗歌艺术以及艺术家与社会之间的关系是本书的核心内容,也是对人类经验本质的思考。从对凯瑟琳·雷恩在《布莱克与古代》中的论述的争论开始,本文将探讨布莱克诗学的语境框架及其进一步的含义。
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引用次数: 0
"Making my Meaning Understood" : analysing metaphors in Great Expectations “让我的意思被理解”:《远大前程》中的隐喻分析
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-12
T. Caballero, Juan de Dios
The aim of this investigation is to identify and examine the metaphors found in several specific extracts of Great Expectations, in order to explore the significance of these tropes and thereby analyse the impact they have on the semantics of the novel as a whole. The investigation begins by focusing on the opening chapter, paying particular attention to the description of the landscape given by Pip, as well as his terrifying encounter with the escaped convict Abel Magwitch in the cemetery scene. Next, it will analyse the range of metaphors included in the ironic depiction of Wemmick’s house at Walworth, as well as the later episode depicting his son’s interactions with Miss Skiffins (Chapter 37). Lastly, it will explore the metaphorical rhetoric employed in the description of Miss Havisham (Chapter 8) and the fire at Satis House (Chapter 49), investigating the significance that this has for the narrative. These inferences will shed light on the tone of the extracts and corroborate the rhetorical and stylistic mastery of Dickens as a writer.
本研究的目的是识别和检查在《远大前程》的几个特定段落中发现的隐喻,以探索这些比喻的意义,从而分析它们对整部小说的语义的影响。调查从开篇章节开始,特别关注匹普对风景的描述,以及他在墓地场景中与逃犯阿贝尔·马格韦契的可怕遭遇。接下来,它将分析文米克在沃尔沃斯的房子的讽刺性描写中包含的隐喻范围,以及后一集描述他儿子与斯基芬斯小姐的互动(第37章)。最后,它将探讨在描述郝薇香小姐(第8章)和萨提斯之家的火灾(第49章)中使用的隐喻修辞,调查这对叙事的意义。这些推论将阐明节选的语气,并证实狄更斯作为作家在修辞和文体上的精湛技艺。
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引用次数: 0
Pre-cinematic vision and the modern episteme of sympathy in George Eliot's Middlemarch 乔治·艾略特《米德尔马契》中的前电影视觉与现代同情认知
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-6
A. Gabriele
The investment of George Eliot’s narrative in characters impersonating the new epistemological concerns of philology (Casaubon) and biology (Lydgate), makes Dorothea’s own peculiar vision-in-action guided by sympathy, which brings the novel to a close, despite the hesitant asides of the narrator about her uneven web, a contribution to the modern episteme, an engagement with the modern question of how to encompass the teeming multiplicity of modernity in one binding synthesis. This is done by emplotting the dichotomy fragmentation/unity that runs throughout the novel, and by incorporating many forms of visual representation that project an intuited sense of unity going past fragmentation. The aesthetic polarities explored in the novel are isomorphous with pre-cinematic spectacles: they both offer provisional, fragmented perspectives of parts, while demanding a new rearrangement of these parts on a higher plane. These spectacles, therefore, are not a symptom of a crisis in representation, but rather naturalize, through a long history of self-reflexivity harking back to the late Renaissance, the paradoxical nature of realism.
乔治·艾略特在叙事中对人物的投资模仿了语言学(卡索邦)和生物学(利德盖特)的新认识论关注,使多萝西娅在同情的指导下拥有了自己独特的行动视野,这使小说结束,尽管叙述者对她不平衡的网络犹豫不决,这是对现代认识论的贡献,是对现代问题的参与如何将现代性的多样性包含在一个结合的综合中。这是通过采用贯穿整部小说的分裂/统一的二分法,并结合多种形式的视觉表现,投射出一种超越分裂的直觉统一性来实现的。小说中探索的审美两极与电影前的景象是同构的:它们都提供了暂时的、碎片化的部分视角,同时要求在更高的平面上对这些部分进行新的重新安排。因此,这些景象并不是表现危机的征兆,而是将现实主义的矛盾本质归化,通过漫长的自我反思历史,可以追溯到文艺复兴后期。
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引用次数: 0
Children in the blood jet of poetry : Sylvia Plath's poetic tale of infanticide 诗中的孩子:西尔维娅·普拉斯关于杀婴的诗意故事
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5817/bse2020-1-7
Sylwia Gryciuk
The following article presents an analysis of Sylvia Plath’s mature poetry (1959-1962) concerned with the themes of motherhood and children. The analysis rejects the biographical context and instead reads the individual poems through the prism of Plath’s body of work. The poems concerned with motherhood and children are also treated as a chronologically structured poetic cycle, connected by the presence of recurring characters, plots, settings, and imagery. Moreover, it is argued that Plath’s whole oeuvre is characterized by the constant re-employment of key plots and “dramatis personae” and as such, the poetic cycle in question is a mere installment in a greater tale of troubled family dynamics. Precisely speaking, they represent a mirror image of the (in)famous parent-child conflicts of Plath’s writings, yet this time with the Plathian persona accepting the ambiguous role of a mother, rather than that of a struggling daughter.
本文分析了西尔维娅·普拉斯(Sylvia Plath) 1959-1962年创作的以母性和儿童为主题的成熟诗歌。该分析摒弃了传记背景,而是通过普拉斯整体作品的棱镜来解读个人诗歌。与母亲和孩子有关的诗歌也被视为按时间顺序结构的诗歌循环,由反复出现的人物、情节、背景和意象联系在一起。此外,有人认为普拉斯的全部作品的特点是不断地重新使用关键情节和“戏剧人物”,因此,有问题的诗歌循环只是一个更大的家庭动态问题故事的一部分。准确地说,它们代表了普拉斯作品中著名的亲子冲突的镜像,但这一次普拉斯的角色接受了母亲的模糊角色,而不是一个挣扎的女儿。
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引用次数: 0
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Brno Studies in English
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