Pub Date : 2020-05-24DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2020.1768656
Zibei Chen, William Elliott
ABSTRACT As the cost of college education continues climbing, college affordability eludes many low- to moderate-income families. Children’s Savings Accounts (CSAs) have been proposed as potential resources to build assets and help save for postsecondary education. While a large body of CSA research consists of testing relationships between program participation and well-being indicators, few endeavors have been dedicated to understanding CSA participants’ program experiences. This study analyzes in-depth interviews with parents of children enrolled in a statewide CSA program to gain an understanding of families’ experiences of saving for postsecondary education. Specifically, this study aims to understand the implementation of the program related to participant enrollment and the extent to which the program influenced participants and encouraged saving for postsecondary education, if at all. Findings on parents’ experiences enrolling in the Harold Alfond College Challenge (HACC), perceived influence of HACC participation, and experiences of saving for postsecondary education offer insights on the design and implementation of future CSA programs.
{"title":"Saving for college: perspectives from participants in a universal children’s savings program","authors":"Zibei Chen, William Elliott","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2020.1768656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2020.1768656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As the cost of college education continues climbing, college affordability eludes many low- to moderate-income families. Children’s Savings Accounts (CSAs) have been proposed as potential resources to build assets and help save for postsecondary education. While a large body of CSA research consists of testing relationships between program participation and well-being indicators, few endeavors have been dedicated to understanding CSA participants’ program experiences. This study analyzes in-depth interviews with parents of children enrolled in a statewide CSA program to gain an understanding of families’ experiences of saving for postsecondary education. Specifically, this study aims to understand the implementation of the program related to participant enrollment and the extent to which the program influenced participants and encouraged saving for postsecondary education, if at all. Findings on parents’ experiences enrolling in the Harold Alfond College Challenge (HACC), perceived influence of HACC participation, and experiences of saving for postsecondary education offer insights on the design and implementation of future CSA programs.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2020.1768656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43195378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2020.1764175
Mary Knight-McKenna, Heidi L. Hollingsworth, Judy Esposito
ABSTRACT This mixed-methods study investigated a two-year community-based research program, Strong Beginnings for Babies (SBB), designed to support families in using 10 strategies for fostering infant language development. More specifically, the study focused on families of children slated to enter high-poverty schools at kindergarten entry or receiving Medicaid. The research employed Language Environment Analysis (LENA) digital language processors to record the vocalizations/verbalizations of 22 young children as well as those of the older children and adults who interacted with them. Three coaches were hired to work closely with participating families during a series of group sessions, model language promotion strategies, and review LENA reports with families. Analyses of 249 LENA recordings indicated increases in some measures of infants’ home language environments across the program period, particularly in Year One and for families whose initial LENA scores were low. However, there was great variability in the recordings data. The analysis of qualitative data sources, such as parent surveys and interviews with coaches, provided insights into the emotions elicited by LENA data, recording challenges, and additional supports that encouraged family progress.
{"title":"Strong beginnings for babies: families’ language stimulation of infants from low-income backgrounds","authors":"Mary Knight-McKenna, Heidi L. Hollingsworth, Judy Esposito","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2020.1764175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2020.1764175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This mixed-methods study investigated a two-year community-based research program, Strong Beginnings for Babies (SBB), designed to support families in using 10 strategies for fostering infant language development. More specifically, the study focused on families of children slated to enter high-poverty schools at kindergarten entry or receiving Medicaid. The research employed Language Environment Analysis (LENA) digital language processors to record the vocalizations/verbalizations of 22 young children as well as those of the older children and adults who interacted with them. Three coaches were hired to work closely with participating families during a series of group sessions, model language promotion strategies, and review LENA reports with families. Analyses of 249 LENA recordings indicated increases in some measures of infants’ home language environments across the program period, particularly in Year One and for families whose initial LENA scores were low. However, there was great variability in the recordings data. The analysis of qualitative data sources, such as parent surveys and interviews with coaches, provided insights into the emotions elicited by LENA data, recording challenges, and additional supports that encouraged family progress.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2020.1764175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2020.1735626
B. Nasim
ABSTRACT In recent decades, social housing in the UK has increasingly become the preserve of the poorest in society. This paper is the first to investigate how the child outcome penalties associated with social housing tenure have changed over time across UK cohorts. I compare the differences in the cognitive, mental health, and physical health outcomes of children in social housing with children in non-social housing and evaluate whether these tenure differences have changed between the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS) and the 2000 Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). I find that in both cohorts, children in social housing exhibit worse outcomes across all three dimensions (cognitive, mental health, and physical health) than children in non-social housing. For cognitive and physical health outcomes, however, the tenure difference has narrowed between the two cohorts, while for mental health outcomes, the tenure difference has widened. These results suggest that children have experienced a relative worsening in their mental health outcomes across cohorts, but also a relative improvement in both their cognitive and physical health outcomes. The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing tenure inequalities in child outcomes should focus on mental health development in the early years.
{"title":"Changes in the association between social housing tenure and child outcomes across cohorts: comparing the millennium and British cohort studies","authors":"B. Nasim","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2020.1735626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2020.1735626","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent decades, social housing in the UK has increasingly become the preserve of the poorest in society. This paper is the first to investigate how the child outcome penalties associated with social housing tenure have changed over time across UK cohorts. I compare the differences in the cognitive, mental health, and physical health outcomes of children in social housing with children in non-social housing and evaluate whether these tenure differences have changed between the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS) and the 2000 Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). I find that in both cohorts, children in social housing exhibit worse outcomes across all three dimensions (cognitive, mental health, and physical health) than children in non-social housing. For cognitive and physical health outcomes, however, the tenure difference has narrowed between the two cohorts, while for mental health outcomes, the tenure difference has widened. These results suggest that children have experienced a relative worsening in their mental health outcomes across cohorts, but also a relative improvement in both their cognitive and physical health outcomes. The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing tenure inequalities in child outcomes should focus on mental health development in the early years.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2020.1735626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46078694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2019.1684188
Margaret M. C. Thomas
Family poverty in the United States is complex and multifaceted, with clear links between income poverty and compromised social-emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning (Brooks-Gunn and ...
{"title":"Social poverty: low-income parents and the struggle for family and community ties","authors":"Margaret M. C. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2019.1684188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2019.1684188","url":null,"abstract":"Family poverty in the United States is complex and multifaceted, with clear links between income poverty and compromised social-emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning (Brooks-Gunn and ...","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2019.1684188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48471363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2020.1713446
I. Beulaygue, M. French, Philip K. Robins
ABSTRACT We estimate the relationships between early initiation of marijuana use (i.e., during middle school or high school), educational attainment and performance, and earnings as a young adult. Grounded in a developmental stages theoretical framework, results indicate that early initiation of marijuana use is negatively related to both educational outcomes and earnings, but the estimated relationships for earnings are diminished in models that control for education and other socioeconomic characteristics. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early marijuana use indirectly affects young adult earnings through its negative effects on educational outcomes. Our results also indicate that early marijuana initiators who grow up in economically disadvantaged families may have worse educational outcomes than their counterparts who do not grow up with economic disadvantages. Reduced education and earnings among young adults could increase the likelihood of the individual and their family suffering economic hardships later in life.
{"title":"Early initiation of marijuana use, education, and earnings of young adults","authors":"I. Beulaygue, M. French, Philip K. Robins","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2020.1713446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2020.1713446","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We estimate the relationships between early initiation of marijuana use (i.e., during middle school or high school), educational attainment and performance, and earnings as a young adult. Grounded in a developmental stages theoretical framework, results indicate that early initiation of marijuana use is negatively related to both educational outcomes and earnings, but the estimated relationships for earnings are diminished in models that control for education and other socioeconomic characteristics. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early marijuana use indirectly affects young adult earnings through its negative effects on educational outcomes. Our results also indicate that early marijuana initiators who grow up in economically disadvantaged families may have worse educational outcomes than their counterparts who do not grow up with economic disadvantages. Reduced education and earnings among young adults could increase the likelihood of the individual and their family suffering economic hardships later in life.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2020.1713446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2019.1704161
Natalia M. Rojas, H. Yoshikawa, L. Gennetian, Mayra Lemus Rangel, Samantha A. Melvin, Kimberly G Noble, G. Duncan, Katherine Magunson
ABSTRACT Little is understood about how an unconditional cash transfer might operate and affect behavior among low-income parents of infants in the United States. We investigate these questions using data from a random-assignment pilot study (N = 30) in which unconditional cash transfers were distributed monthly on debit cards to two groups of low-income parents in New York City during the first 12 months of their newborns’ lives. Mothers were randomized to receive either $100 per month or $20 per month. Mothers distinguished spending the cash transfer on essentials vs. extras, such as going out to dinner with family. The monthly cash transfer “tided them over,” even at the lower amount of $20, especially when income from other sources ran short at the end of the month. Some mothers reported saving money for unexpected expenses.
{"title":"Exploring the experiences and dynamics of an unconditional cash transfer for low-income mothers: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Natalia M. Rojas, H. Yoshikawa, L. Gennetian, Mayra Lemus Rangel, Samantha A. Melvin, Kimberly G Noble, G. Duncan, Katherine Magunson","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2019.1704161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2019.1704161","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Little is understood about how an unconditional cash transfer might operate and affect behavior among low-income parents of infants in the United States. We investigate these questions using data from a random-assignment pilot study (N = 30) in which unconditional cash transfers were distributed monthly on debit cards to two groups of low-income parents in New York City during the first 12 months of their newborns’ lives. Mothers were randomized to receive either $100 per month or $20 per month. Mothers distinguished spending the cash transfer on essentials vs. extras, such as going out to dinner with family. The monthly cash transfer “tided them over,” even at the lower amount of $20, especially when income from other sources ran short at the end of the month. Some mothers reported saving money for unexpected expenses.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2019.1704161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45472191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2019.1702757
A. Jacob, Reiko K. Boyd
ABSTRACT Income instability characterizes the lives of many low-income families in America. Growing income inequality, wage stagnation, unstable jobs, and limited savings are only a few of the factors contributing to the chronic economic insecurity that many low-income families experience today. There has been a renewed interest in recent years in the idea of a basic income as a policy solution to address the problem of income instability. This brief provides an overview of the concept of basic income and discusses its strengths and limitations in promoting financial stability among vulnerable families in both the short- and long-term.
{"title":"Addressing economic vulnerability among low-income families in America: is the basic income approach a viable policy option?","authors":"A. Jacob, Reiko K. Boyd","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2019.1702757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2019.1702757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Income instability characterizes the lives of many low-income families in America. Growing income inequality, wage stagnation, unstable jobs, and limited savings are only a few of the factors contributing to the chronic economic insecurity that many low-income families experience today. There has been a renewed interest in recent years in the idea of a basic income as a policy solution to address the problem of income instability. This brief provides an overview of the concept of basic income and discusses its strengths and limitations in promoting financial stability among vulnerable families in both the short- and long-term.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2019.1702757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45734955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01Epub Date: 2019-10-23DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2019.1682754
Sarah Gold
About half of all renter households and over three-quarters of very low-income households in the United States experience a housing cost burden, with higher rates among families with children. Public housing may be an important tool for reducing families' housing cost burdens. The current study uses nearly four decades of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its Assisted Housing Database to explore the relationship between public housing and housing cost burden among children in low-income families. Results from fixed effects models suggest that public housing is associated with a greatly reduced risk of experiencing housing cost burden when housing assistance receipt is measured a year before housing cost burden. These findings highlight the importance of public housing for reducing low-income families' housing cost burdens.
{"title":"Does public housing reduce housing cost burden among low-income families with children?","authors":"Sarah Gold","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2019.1682754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2019.1682754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>About half of all renter households and over three-quarters of very low-income households in the United States experience a housing cost burden, with higher rates among families with children. Public housing may be an important tool for reducing families' housing cost burdens. The current study uses nearly four decades of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its Assisted Housing Database to explore the relationship between public housing and housing cost burden among children in low-income families. Results from fixed effects models suggest that public housing is associated with a greatly reduced risk of experiencing housing cost burden when housing assistance receipt is measured a year before housing cost burden. These findings highlight the importance of public housing for reducing low-income families' housing cost burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2019.1682754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38111602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2019.1655694
Emily Teall
ABSTRACT This brief asserts that New York City’s (NYC) public schools best support the education of homeless students by prioritizing their emotional and mental health through expanding counselors’ reach, emphasizing extracurriculars, and facilitating communication. Results are derived from surveys and interviews of NYC public school administrators, faculty, teachers, and social workers. Survey and interview results from this research indicate that emotional and mental health concerns are of particular detriment to homeless students’ educational experiences. These surveys and interviews shed light on the most common and most innovative methods for minimizing mental and emotional health barriers faced by homeless children in the course of their education, as implemented by certain schools.
{"title":"Mental and emotional health: impediments to the education of New York City’s homeless children","authors":"Emily Teall","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2019.1655694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2019.1655694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This brief asserts that New York City’s (NYC) public schools best support the education of homeless students by prioritizing their emotional and mental health through expanding counselors’ reach, emphasizing extracurriculars, and facilitating communication. Results are derived from surveys and interviews of NYC public school administrators, faculty, teachers, and social workers. Survey and interview results from this research indicate that emotional and mental health concerns are of particular detriment to homeless students’ educational experiences. These surveys and interviews shed light on the most common and most innovative methods for minimizing mental and emotional health barriers faced by homeless children in the course of their education, as implemented by certain schools.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2019.1655694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47123126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10796126.2019.1638731
Leah Hamilton, Twila Wingrove, Kati Woodford
ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that restrictive financial asset limits for eligibility in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program discourage program participants from building their own financial safety nets and ultimately create disincentives for independence. However, some lawmakers fear that liberalizing these limits will encourage program dependence. The existent research suggests that asset limits do not affect state caseload size, but there is an insufficient understanding of whether these limits influence the rate at which participants move toward financial independence. The researchers compiled data from the Urban Institute's Welfare Rules Database and the Administration for Children and Families to examine the relationship between TANF asset limits and duration of program participation. Findings suggest that high or eliminated asset limits are not associated with long-term assistance. This work supports state and federal advocacy efforts to address the ways in which TANF asset limits restrict opportunities for asset development and long-term financial capability among low-income families.
{"title":"Does generous welfare policy encourage dependence? TANF asset limits and duration of program participation","authors":"Leah Hamilton, Twila Wingrove, Kati Woodford","doi":"10.1080/10796126.2019.1638731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2019.1638731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that restrictive financial asset limits for eligibility in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program discourage program participants from building their own financial safety nets and ultimately create disincentives for independence. However, some lawmakers fear that liberalizing these limits will encourage program dependence. The existent research suggests that asset limits do not affect state caseload size, but there is an insufficient understanding of whether these limits influence the rate at which participants move toward financial independence. The researchers compiled data from the Urban Institute's Welfare Rules Database and the Administration for Children and Families to examine the relationship between TANF asset limits and duration of program participation. Findings suggest that high or eliminated asset limits are not associated with long-term assistance. This work supports state and federal advocacy efforts to address the ways in which TANF asset limits restrict opportunities for asset development and long-term financial capability among low-income families.","PeriodicalId":35244,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Children and Poverty","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10796126.2019.1638731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49563102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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