Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.5117/MEM2019.1.004.DILL
T. Dillen
Abstract Disability is mainly approached from a clinical perspective which emphasizes the physical or mental impairements and the care disabled people need in order to survive. Very little is known about how disabled people experience the world and create meaning in their interactions with their environment. By analyzing the behaviour and interaction of my disabled brother Jan, I try to answer the following questions: (1) How does he experience the world, is he capable of meaningfull interaction and what does this tells us about human sociality? (2) Are the human sciences capable to elucidate these experiences which are unaccessible through conventional language? By using a phenomenological approach we will argue that Jan’s interaction with the world is meaningful in a way that it challenges our assumptions about how we perceive the concept of ‘sociality’. Further, we aim to show how a phenomenological way of analyzing is able to gain considerable insight in those experiences which are unaccessible through conventional language.
{"title":"Het verschil met mijn broer Jan","authors":"T. Dillen","doi":"10.5117/MEM2019.1.004.DILL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2019.1.004.DILL","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disability is mainly approached from a clinical perspective which emphasizes the physical or mental impairements and the care disabled people need in order to survive. Very little is known about how disabled people experience the world and create meaning in their\u0000 interactions with their environment. By analyzing the behaviour and interaction of my disabled brother Jan, I try to answer the following questions: (1) How does he experience the world, is he capable of meaningfull interaction and what does this tells us about human sociality? (2) Are the\u0000 human sciences capable to elucidate these experiences which are unaccessible through conventional language? By using a phenomenological approach we will argue that Jan’s interaction with the world is meaningful in a way that it challenges our assumptions about how we perceive the concept\u0000 of ‘sociality’. Further, we aim to show how a phenomenological way of analyzing is able to gain considerable insight in those experiences which are unaccessible through conventional language.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42258102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.5117/MEM2019.1.003.BLOM
Lieselotte Blommaert, T. V. D. Lippe, I. Maas, E. Jaspers
Abstract Women in positions of authorityDescription and explanation of developments in the Netherlands from 1985 to 2008Women still have limited access to positions of authority in the workplace. Although the slow progress in this regard is much debated, research shedding light on trends in women’s workplace authority remains scarce, particularly outside the US. Moreover, rigorous empirical tests of which processes drive developments in women’s access to authority positions are largely lacking. This study addresses these research gaps. We examine trends in women’s workplace authority and investigate what drove them, concentrating on the role of historical shifts in the composition of the female labor force, labor market conditions, and societal gender ideology. By focusing on the Netherlands, we complement prior studies in the US and Sweden. We use representative, detailed longitudinal data from the Dutch Labor Supply Panel. Results revealed an upward trend in working women’s likelihood of holding positions of supervisory authority between 1985 and 2008. This trend accelerated in later years. Changes in the composition of the female labor force regarding education and experience formed important drivers of this trend. The findings on compositional changes regarding family status and working hours were unexpected. Changes in the composition of the female working population appeared to differ from those in the total female population. As a consequence these changes led to a decrease instead of an increase in women’s authority. Shifts in contextual conditions were also not found to play a role in explaining the trend.
{"title":"Vrouwen in leidinggevende functies","authors":"Lieselotte Blommaert, T. V. D. Lippe, I. Maas, E. Jaspers","doi":"10.5117/MEM2019.1.003.BLOM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2019.1.003.BLOM","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Women in positions of authorityDescription and explanation of developments in the Netherlands from 1985 to 2008Women still have limited access to positions of authority in the workplace. Although the slow progress in this regard is much\u0000 debated, research shedding light on trends in women’s workplace authority remains scarce, particularly outside the US. Moreover, rigorous empirical tests of which processes drive developments in women’s access to authority positions are largely lacking. This study addresses these\u0000 research gaps. We examine trends in women’s workplace authority and investigate what drove them, concentrating on the role of historical shifts in the composition of the female labor force, labor market conditions, and societal gender ideology. By focusing on the Netherlands, we complement\u0000 prior studies in the US and Sweden. We use representative, detailed longitudinal data from the Dutch Labor Supply Panel. Results revealed an upward trend in working women’s likelihood of holding positions of supervisory authority between 1985 and 2008. This trend accelerated in later\u0000 years. Changes in the composition of the female labor force regarding education and experience formed important drivers of this trend. The findings on compositional changes regarding family status and working hours were unexpected. Changes in the composition of the female working population\u0000 appeared to differ from those in the total female population. As a consequence these changes led to a decrease instead of an increase in women’s authority. Shifts in contextual conditions were also not found to play a role in explaining the trend.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47735101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5117/MEM2018.4.003.HUIZ
Naïma van Huizen
Summary The education gap in school. The effect of school context on adolescent inter-educational track friendshipsUsing data from the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU) and data from the Dutch Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs (DUO) this article tests to what extent different organizational characteristics of schools influence friendships between adolescents in different educational tracks. There being multiple educational tracks within the same school, instead of only one track, adolescents from different tracks being in the same classroom (‘brugklas’) and, relatively speaking, a small number of students in the same track have a positive effect on the number of friends an adolescent has in a different track. The descriptive analyses show that the friendship networks of adolescents are relatively homogenous within their school, most friends that go to the same school are in the same track. The friendship networks outside of the school are more heterogeneous. The opportunities an adolescent has to meet others who are in a different educational track thus strongly influence the number of friends an adolescent has in an educational track different from their own track.
{"title":"De sociale opleidingskloof op school","authors":"Naïma van Huizen","doi":"10.5117/MEM2018.4.003.HUIZ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2018.4.003.HUIZ","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The education gap in school. The effect of school context on adolescent inter-educational track friendshipsUsing data from the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU) and data from the Dutch Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs (DUO) this article tests to what extent different organizational characteristics of schools influence friendships between adolescents in different educational tracks. There being multiple educational tracks within the same school, instead of only one track, adolescents from different tracks being in the same classroom (‘brugklas’) and, relatively speaking, a small number of students in the same track have a positive effect on the number of friends an adolescent has in a different track. The descriptive analyses show that the friendship networks of adolescents are relatively homogenous within their school, most friends that go to the same school are in the same track. The friendship networks outside of the school are more heterogeneous. The opportunities an adolescent has to meet others who are in a different educational track thus strongly influence the number of friends an adolescent has in an educational track different from their own track.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70552733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5117/MEM2018.4.004.SCHO
L. Scholten, Maarten H. J. Wolbers
Abstract High quality education: Bridging the socioeconomic achievement gap?Widespread concerns regarding socioeconomic disparities in educational attainment contributed to this study’s aim to explore the role of providing high quality education in reducing these differences. Multilevel analysis of PISA 2015-data (N = 368.306) demonstrates that a higher socioeconomic background, a high educated teaching staff and a lower student-teacher ratio are related to higher performance in science, mathematics and reading, whereas stronger educational leadership is linked to lower student performance. In contrast with what is hypothesized, higher quality education is associated with increasing socioeconomic disparities in educational attainment, except for educational leadership. Since providing high quality education is an internationally popular strategy to enhance student performance, these results expose the urgent need for more research into its diverging role.
{"title":"Onderwijs van hoge kwaliteit","authors":"L. Scholten, Maarten H. J. Wolbers","doi":"10.5117/MEM2018.4.004.SCHO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2018.4.004.SCHO","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High quality education: Bridging the socioeconomic achievement gap?Widespread concerns regarding socioeconomic disparities in educational attainment contributed to this study’s aim to explore the role of providing high quality education in reducing these differences. Multilevel analysis of PISA 2015-data (N = 368.306) demonstrates that a higher socioeconomic background, a high educated teaching staff and a lower student-teacher ratio are related to higher performance in science, mathematics and reading, whereas stronger educational leadership is linked to lower student performance. In contrast with what is hypothesized, higher quality education is associated with increasing socioeconomic disparities in educational attainment, except for educational leadership. Since providing high quality education is an internationally popular strategy to enhance student performance, these results expose the urgent need for more research into its diverging role.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70552875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5117/mem2019.3.004.dyks
P. Dykstra
Abstract Scientific research and social responsibilityContrary to the powerful image of ivory tower scholarship, aiming to make an impact on society has become an integral part of scholarly practices. This impact emerges through teaching, commercialization of research findings, public engagement, and advice for policy and practice. The latter role requires a solid scientific evidence base. Aligning science and policy is a well-known challenge. I describe ways in which actors ranging from individual scholars, to the organizations where they work, and macro-level players such as publishers, research funders and governments can help advance interaction and communication between the spheres of scholarship and policy. Using firsthand experience in negotiating the boundaries between research and decision making, I describe the context in which the European Commission’s Group of Chief Scientific Advisors works and identify conditions which, in my personal view, make its scientific advice giving effective.
{"title":"Wetenschappelijk onderzoek en maatschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid1","authors":"P. Dykstra","doi":"10.5117/mem2019.3.004.dyks","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/mem2019.3.004.dyks","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scientific research and social responsibilityContrary to the powerful image of ivory tower scholarship, aiming to make an impact on society has become an integral part of scholarly practices. This impact emerges through teaching, commercialization of research findings, public engagement, and advice for policy and practice. The latter role requires a solid scientific evidence base. Aligning science and policy is a well-known challenge. I describe ways in which actors ranging from individual scholars, to the organizations where they work, and macro-level players such as publishers, research funders and governments can help advance interaction and communication between the spheres of scholarship and policy. Using firsthand experience in negotiating the boundaries between research and decision making, I describe the context in which the European Commission’s Group of Chief Scientific Advisors works and identify conditions which, in my personal view, make its scientific advice giving effective.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70552919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.5117/MEM2018.3.004.DHON
S. Dhondt
Summary Blockchain and the future of the work organisationBlockchain has become popular because of Bitcoin. This Information and Communication Technology offers several opportunities as backbone IT-infrastructure for organisations. To understand the impact of blockchains on organising, a theoretical framework on information and communication costs has been used. The immutable ledger, smart contracts and decentralized autonomous organisations (DAO) help to reduce information costs, and hence help decentralize decision making and reduce labour division. Tokens and forking reinforce communication processes and may lead to more centralizing and stronger labour division. A case study of the company Numerai was conducted as illustration. Some risks are identified with this organising future.
{"title":"Blockchain en de toekomst van de organisatie","authors":"S. Dhondt","doi":"10.5117/MEM2018.3.004.DHON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2018.3.004.DHON","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Blockchain and the future of the work organisationBlockchain has become popular because of Bitcoin. This Information and Communication Technology offers several opportunities as backbone IT-infrastructure for organisations. To understand the impact\u0000 of blockchains on organising, a theoretical framework on information and communication costs has been used. The immutable ledger, smart contracts and decentralized autonomous organisations (DAO) help to reduce information costs, and hence help decentralize decision making and reduce labour\u0000 division. Tokens and forking reinforce communication processes and may lead to more centralizing and stronger labour division. A case study of the company Numerai was conducted as illustration. Some risks are identified with this organising future.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48093751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.5117/MEM2018.3.001.DEKK
F. Dekker, F. Koster
Eens in de zoveel tijd komen we de term ‘nieuwe economie’ (of een vergelijkbare term) tegen. Te denken valt dan vaak aan de nieuwste uitingsvormen van technologische ontwikkeling of aan processen van economische globalisering om veranderingen aan te duiden. Vaak is het adagium hierbij dat bestaande beleidskaders, bedrijfsmodellen en manieren om duurzaam actief te blijven op de werkplek niet langer afdoende zijn. Tegelijkertijd spraken we eerder ook al van de ‘nieuwe kenniseconomie’ (Drucker, 1969), de ‘nieuwe post-industriële economie’ (Bell, 1973), de ‘nieuwe informatierevolutie’ (Bluestone & Harrison, 2000) en de ‘nieuwe economie’ (SER, 2002). En ook werd al eerder de opkomst van een ‘nieuw type kenniswerker’ aangekondigd (Castells, 2000). Met dit alles wordt gesuggereerd dat de economie zich voortdurend in een wezenlijk nieuwe fase bevindt waarin de ‘oude’ economische wetten niet meer opgaan. Het geeft in dat opzicht een idee weer dat economieën zich van plateau naar plateau bewegen. Achteraf gezien blijken veranderingen uiteraard een stuk meer geleidelijk en blijft veel bij het oude. Uiteindelijk leven we altijd in een speciale tijd (Tetlock & Gardner, 2015). Ondanks dat het vaak om minder revolutionaire veranderingen gaat dan wel eens wordt gevreesd en gehoopt, heeft het wel degelijk zin om van tijd tot tijd stil te staan bij ontwikkelingen die zich voordoen en ons af te vragen hoe ‘nieuw’ de huidige economie eigenlijk is. In dit themanummer van Mens en Maatschappij doen wij dat door een aantal recente ontwikkelingen in kaart te brengen. Aan hand van een viertal artikelen belichten de auteurs een aantal aspecten die gezamenlijk inzicht bieden in de huidige economie en in het bijzonder hoe werk georganiseerd is. Die vier artikelen geven een beeld van de structuur van de economie, veranderingen in instituties, nieuwe organisatievormen en werkgeversgedrag. Voordat we overgaan naar die inhoudelijke artikelen, schetsen we eerst een aantal meer algemene ontwikkelingen die van invloed zijn op werken en leven in de huidige economie, te weten globalisering en technologische ontwikkeling.
{"title":"De ‘nieuwe economie’: what’s new?","authors":"F. Dekker, F. Koster","doi":"10.5117/MEM2018.3.001.DEKK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/MEM2018.3.001.DEKK","url":null,"abstract":"Eens in de zoveel tijd komen we de term ‘nieuwe economie’ (of een vergelijkbare term) tegen. Te denken valt dan vaak aan de nieuwste uitingsvormen van technologische ontwikkeling of aan processen van economische globalisering om veranderingen aan te duiden. Vaak is het adagium hierbij dat bestaande beleidskaders, bedrijfsmodellen en manieren om duurzaam actief te blijven op de werkplek niet langer afdoende zijn. Tegelijkertijd spraken we eerder ook al van de ‘nieuwe kenniseconomie’ (Drucker, 1969), de ‘nieuwe post-industriële economie’ (Bell, 1973), de ‘nieuwe informatierevolutie’ (Bluestone & Harrison, 2000) en de ‘nieuwe economie’ (SER, 2002). En ook werd al eerder de opkomst van een ‘nieuw type kenniswerker’ aangekondigd (Castells, 2000). Met dit alles wordt gesuggereerd dat de economie zich voortdurend in een wezenlijk nieuwe fase bevindt waarin de ‘oude’ economische wetten niet meer opgaan. Het geeft in dat opzicht een idee weer dat economieën zich van plateau naar plateau bewegen. Achteraf gezien blijken veranderingen uiteraard een stuk meer geleidelijk en blijft veel bij het oude. Uiteindelijk leven we altijd in een speciale tijd (Tetlock & Gardner, 2015). Ondanks dat het vaak om minder revolutionaire veranderingen gaat dan wel eens wordt gevreesd en gehoopt, heeft het wel degelijk zin om van tijd tot tijd stil te staan bij ontwikkelingen die zich voordoen en ons af te vragen hoe ‘nieuw’ de huidige economie eigenlijk is. In dit themanummer van Mens en Maatschappij doen wij dat door een aantal recente ontwikkelingen in kaart te brengen. Aan hand van een viertal artikelen belichten de auteurs een aantal aspecten die gezamenlijk inzicht bieden in de huidige economie en in het bijzonder hoe werk georganiseerd is. Die vier artikelen geven een beeld van de structuur van de economie, veranderingen in instituties, nieuwe organisatievormen en werkgeversgedrag. Voordat we overgaan naar die inhoudelijke artikelen, schetsen we eerst een aantal meer algemene ontwikkelingen die van invloed zijn op werken en leven in de huidige economie, te weten globalisering en technologische ontwikkeling.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5117/MEM2018.3.001.DEKK","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43664303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.5117/mem2018.3.005.kost
F. Koster
Abstract Human resource management in the platform economyThe use of online platforms is a central aspect of the digitalization of organizations. In that light, some authors have coined the term “platform economy” to describe today’s organizational landscape. Besides the question how widespread the use of online platforms is, the question is how it relates to the human resource policies of organizations. This article investigates how the human resource policies of organizations ‐ in terms of policies aimed at the development of human resources and innovation of human resource policies ‐ relate to the use of online platforms (to offer goods and services and to collaborate with other organizations). Based on theoretical insights, two contrasting hypotheses are formulated, which are tested with data from 747 Dutch organizations. The analyses show that the use of online platforms is associated with policies aimed at the development of human capital and innovation of human resource policies.
{"title":"Personeelsbeleid in de platformeconomie","authors":"F. Koster","doi":"10.5117/mem2018.3.005.kost","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/mem2018.3.005.kost","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Human resource management in the platform economyThe use of online platforms is a central aspect of the digitalization of organizations. In that light, some authors have coined the term “platform economy” to describe today’s organizational\u0000 landscape. Besides the question how widespread the use of online platforms is, the question is how it relates to the human resource policies of organizations. This article investigates how the human resource policies of organizations ‐ in terms of policies aimed at the development of\u0000 human resources and innovation of human resource policies ‐ relate to the use of online platforms (to offer goods and services and to collaborate with other organizations). Based on theoretical insights, two contrasting hypotheses are formulated, which are tested with data from 747\u0000 Dutch organizations. The analyses show that the use of online platforms is associated with policies aimed at the development of human capital and innovation of human resource policies.","PeriodicalId":35265,"journal":{"name":"Mens en Maatschappij","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5117/mem2018.3.005.kost","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49589049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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