EnglishGender inequalities in wealth are now well documented thanks to research that has focused on the moments when household members count what has been pooled (or not), at the time of separation or inheritance. Despite a stronger pooling of resources when there is at least one child, mothers are the big losers in these moments of accounting for household goods. This is becoming increasingly the case, particularly with the development of matrimonial regimes which tend to individualize the assets of spouses. Economic arrangements aimed at preserving and passing on an estate to children are unfavorable to mothers and their strong participation in domestic work, unlike paid work, is difficult to value as an asset. This paper attempts to understand the processes that lead to these increasing inequalities: how do income disparities generate inequalities in property ownership and wealth inequalities within parental couples? To understand these mechanisms at the bottom and top of the social ladder, this article proposes a multiple correspondence analysis on nationally representative data, which questions the influence of absolute and relative levels of income, education and wealth. The ethnography of a dozen couples of different sexes belonging to the stable working classes and the middle classes attempts to better understand what happens in families situated relatively low in the social space whose resources are poorly captured by the categories of public statistics. The often very low investment equality in these families masks other types of appropriation of domestic production that do not involve monetary capital. francaisLes inegalites patrimoniales de genre sont desormais solidement documentees grâce a des travaux qui se sont centres sur les moments ou les membres des menages comptent ce qui avait ete mis (ou non) en commun, lors des separations ou lors des heritages. Malgre une mise en commun plus forte des ressources lorsqu’il y a au moins un enfant, les meres sont les grandes perdantes de ces moments de comptabilite des biens domestiques. Elles le seraient de plus en plus, notamment avec le developpement des regimes matrimoniaux qui tendent a individualiser les patrimoines des conjoints. Les arrangements economiques qui visent a conserver et transmettre un patrimoine a un enfant leur sont defavorables et leur prise en charge du travail domestique gratuit est moins valorisable sous la forme d’un patrimoine que du travail remunere. Face au constat d’un renforcement de ces inegalites, cette contribution tente de saisir les processus qui y aboutissent : comment des inegalites de revenus engendrent-elles des inegalites de possession de biens et des inegalites de patrimoine au sein des couples parentaux ? Pour comprendre ces mecanismes au bas et en haut de l’echelle sociale, cet article propose une analyse des correspondances multiples sur des donnees representatives au niveau national, qui questionne l’influence des niveaux absolus et relatifs de
{"title":"Elle dépense, il(s) consomme(nt), il place, qui possède ?","authors":"A. Jannot","doi":"10.3917/soco.122.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.122.0155","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishGender inequalities in wealth are now well documented thanks to research that has focused on the moments when household members count what has been pooled (or not), at the time of separation or inheritance. Despite a stronger pooling of resources when there is at least one child, mothers are the big losers in these moments of accounting for household goods. This is becoming increasingly the case, particularly with the development of matrimonial regimes which tend to individualize the assets of spouses. Economic arrangements aimed at preserving and passing on an estate to children are unfavorable to mothers and their strong participation in domestic work, unlike paid work, is difficult to value as an asset. This paper attempts to understand the processes that lead to these increasing inequalities: how do income disparities generate inequalities in property ownership and wealth inequalities within parental couples? To understand these mechanisms at the bottom and top of the social ladder, this article proposes a multiple correspondence analysis on nationally representative data, which questions the influence of absolute and relative levels of income, education and wealth. The ethnography of a dozen couples of different sexes belonging to the stable working classes and the middle classes attempts to better understand what happens in families situated relatively low in the social space whose resources are poorly captured by the categories of public statistics. The often very low investment equality in these families masks other types of appropriation of domestic production that do not involve monetary capital. francaisLes inegalites patrimoniales de genre sont desormais solidement documentees grâce a des travaux qui se sont centres sur les moments ou les membres des menages comptent ce qui avait ete mis (ou non) en commun, lors des separations ou lors des heritages. Malgre une mise en commun plus forte des ressources lorsqu’il y a au moins un enfant, les meres sont les grandes perdantes de ces moments de comptabilite des biens domestiques. Elles le seraient de plus en plus, notamment avec le developpement des regimes matrimoniaux qui tendent a individualiser les patrimoines des conjoints. Les arrangements economiques qui visent a conserver et transmettre un patrimoine a un enfant leur sont defavorables et leur prise en charge du travail domestique gratuit est moins valorisable sous la forme d’un patrimoine que du travail remunere. Face au constat d’un renforcement de ces inegalites, cette contribution tente de saisir les processus qui y aboutissent : comment des inegalites de revenus engendrent-elles des inegalites de possession de biens et des inegalites de patrimoine au sein des couples parentaux ? Pour comprendre ces mecanismes au bas et en haut de l’echelle sociale, cet article propose une analyse des correspondances multiples sur des donnees representatives au niveau national, qui questionne l’influence des niveaux absolus et relatifs de ","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49391778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EnglishFor many candidates, the decision to join police forces is neither a matter of mere chance nor of necessity, but results much more from a real attraction for the police profession, perceived as granted to individual aspirations, which combine a desire to be useful and a taste for action. This “police vocation” can then be analyzed as the product of dispositions forged from childhood and adolescence which makes the project of becoming a patrol officer thinkable. But, as this project materializes (first steps, possible passage through the position of adjoint de securite (junior police officer), presentation to the recruitement test...), the vocation is consolidated and imposes a form of work on oneself which in return reinforces the dispositions of which it is the product. Thus, even before being recruited, candidates already recognize themselves in the institution, show themselves fully prepared to be trained by it and to join those who are already members. However, the construction of this vocational relationship to the coveted position is not accompanied by a full homogenization of their dispositions, their visions of the world and their representations of the police, nor, consequently, of the modalities according to which they are ready to commit. As such, it cannot be considered as a guarantee of a perfect and lasting fit to the role. francaisPour de nombreux candidats, la decision de se presenter au concours de gardien de la paix ne releve ni du simple hasard ni de la seule necessite mais resulte bien plus d’un attrait reel pour le metier policier, percu comme accorde aux aspirations individuelles, qui combinent desir de se rendre utile et gout pour l’action. Cette « vocation policiere » peut alors s’analyser comme le produit de dispositions forgees des l’enfance et l’adolescence qui rendent pensable le projet de devenir gardien de la paix. Mais, a mesure que ce projet se concretise (premieres demarches, passage eventuel par le statut d’adjoint de securite, presentation aux epreuves...), la vocation se consolide et impose une forme de travail sur soi qui renforce en retour les dispositions dont elle est le produit. Ainsi, avant meme d’etre recrutes, les candidats se reconnaissent deja dans l’institution, se montrent tout disposes a se laisser former par elle et a faire corps avec celles et ceux qui en sont deja membres. Pour autant, la construction de ce rapport vocationnel au poste convoite ne s’accompagne pas d’une homogeneisation totale de leurs dispositions, de leur vision du monde et de leur representation de la police, ni, par consequent, des modalites selon lesquelles ils sont prets a s’engager. Elle ne peut, a ce titre, etre consideree comme la garantie d’un ajustement parfait et durable au role.
{"title":"S'y voir avant d'en être","authors":"F. Gautier","doi":"10.3917/soco.122.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.122.0025","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishFor many candidates, the decision to join police forces is neither a matter of mere chance nor of necessity, but results much more from a real attraction for the police profession, perceived as granted to individual aspirations, which combine a desire to be useful and a taste for action. This “police vocation” can then be analyzed as the product of dispositions forged from childhood and adolescence which makes the project of becoming a patrol officer thinkable. But, as this project materializes (first steps, possible passage through the position of adjoint de securite (junior police officer), presentation to the recruitement test...), the vocation is consolidated and imposes a form of work on oneself which in return reinforces the dispositions of which it is the product. Thus, even before being recruited, candidates already recognize themselves in the institution, show themselves fully prepared to be trained by it and to join those who are already members. However, the construction of this vocational relationship to the coveted position is not accompanied by a full homogenization of their dispositions, their visions of the world and their representations of the police, nor, consequently, of the modalities according to which they are ready to commit. As such, it cannot be considered as a guarantee of a perfect and lasting fit to the role. francaisPour de nombreux candidats, la decision de se presenter au concours de gardien de la paix ne releve ni du simple hasard ni de la seule necessite mais resulte bien plus d’un attrait reel pour le metier policier, percu comme accorde aux aspirations individuelles, qui combinent desir de se rendre utile et gout pour l’action. Cette « vocation policiere » peut alors s’analyser comme le produit de dispositions forgees des l’enfance et l’adolescence qui rendent pensable le projet de devenir gardien de la paix. Mais, a mesure que ce projet se concretise (premieres demarches, passage eventuel par le statut d’adjoint de securite, presentation aux epreuves...), la vocation se consolide et impose une forme de travail sur soi qui renforce en retour les dispositions dont elle est le produit. Ainsi, avant meme d’etre recrutes, les candidats se reconnaissent deja dans l’institution, se montrent tout disposes a se laisser former par elle et a faire corps avec celles et ceux qui en sont deja membres. Pour autant, la construction de ce rapport vocationnel au poste convoite ne s’accompagne pas d’une homogeneisation totale de leurs dispositions, de leur vision du monde et de leur representation de la police, ni, par consequent, des modalites selon lesquelles ils sont prets a s’engager. Elle ne peut, a ce titre, etre consideree comme la garantie d’un ajustement parfait et durable au role.","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"« Sous la peau » des policiers","authors":"É. Lemaire","doi":"10.3917/soco.122.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.122.0101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45094069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"« Ici, on est tous pareils ! »","authors":"M. Guenot","doi":"10.3917/soco.122.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.122.0051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44396219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction. Pour une sociologie du champ policier","authors":"L. Bonelli, É. Lemaire, Laurence Proteau","doi":"10.3917/soco.122.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.122.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article s’interesse aux prises en charge au sein d’une unite d’hospitalisation pour adolescent·e·s presentant de l’anorexie, de la depression ou des troubles « borderline », pour montrer qu’elles sont des prises en charge du genre de ces patient·e·s. Il revient d’abord sur les grilles de lecture, via lesquelles les professionnel ·le·s de l’institution etudiee identifient derriere les troubles mentaux, des troubles du genre et de la sexualite, en reference a des normes de genre socialement situees. Il examine ensuite les pratiques therapeutiques, variables selon les pathologies et le genre assigne de celles et ceux hospitalise·e·s, que conditionnent ces grilles de lecture. Enfin, il devoile le caractere genre de ces prises en charge jusque dans leur reception : les adolescent·e·s hospitalise·e·s reagissent aux discours et pratiques medicales en fonction de leur socialisation de genre anterieure, et de ce que leur trouble signifie pour elles et eux en termes de genre.
{"title":"La fabrique psychiatrique (des troubles) du genre","authors":"Alice Feyeux","doi":"10.3917/soco.121.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.121.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article s’interesse aux prises en charge au sein d’une unite d’hospitalisation pour adolescent·e·s presentant de l’anorexie, de la depression ou des troubles « borderline », pour montrer qu’elles sont des prises en charge du genre de ces patient·e·s. Il revient d’abord sur les grilles de lecture, via lesquelles les professionnel ·le·s de l’institution etudiee identifient derriere les troubles mentaux, des troubles du genre et de la sexualite, en reference a des normes de genre socialement situees. Il examine ensuite les pratiques therapeutiques, variables selon les pathologies et le genre assigne de celles et ceux hospitalise·e·s, que conditionnent ces grilles de lecture. Enfin, il devoile le caractere genre de ces prises en charge jusque dans leur reception : les adolescent·e·s hospitalise·e·s reagissent aux discours et pratiques medicales en fonction de leur socialisation de genre anterieure, et de ce que leur trouble signifie pour elles et eux en termes de genre.","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histoires d'A et méthode K","authors":"Lucile Ruault","doi":"10.3917/soco.121.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.121.0139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45082935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the late Sixties, several French labor unions became the cradle of a “working-class environmentalism.” This combined a critique of the monetarization of occupational risks with a claim for protecting the environmental against industrial pollution. The period studied extends from 1966 to the late Eighties, which makes it possible to study as a whole two sequences that are often examined separately, as this shed light on the entanglement of the collective mobilizations of the Sixties and the change of the industrial hazard regimes in the late Seventies. Labor unions then called to sanctuarize human health and the environment. By challenging the regulatory framework inherited from the laws on industrial accidents and occupational diseases, unionists advocated for these issues to be removed from negotiations between employers and workers : health was not to be sold anymore, and it was then defended as a “value per se.” For a group of unionist, this approach also became a lever for questioning the social uses and ecological sustainability of production choices.
{"title":"Les valeurs de la santé","authors":"Renaud Bécot","doi":"10.3917/soco.121.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/soco.121.0029","url":null,"abstract":"In the late Sixties, several French labor unions became the cradle of a “working-class environmentalism.” This combined a critique of the monetarization of occupational risks with a claim for protecting the environmental against industrial pollution. The period studied extends from 1966 to the late Eighties, which makes it possible to study as a whole two sequences that are often examined separately, as this shed light on the entanglement of the collective mobilizations of the Sixties and the change of the industrial hazard regimes in the late Seventies. Labor unions then called to sanctuarize human health and the environment. By challenging the regulatory framework inherited from the laws on industrial accidents and occupational diseases, unionists advocated for these issues to be removed from negotiations between employers and workers : health was not to be sold anymore, and it was then defended as a “value per se.” For a group of unionist, this approach also became a lever for questioning the social uses and ecological sustainability of production choices.","PeriodicalId":35270,"journal":{"name":"Societes Contemporaines","volume":"269 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41266239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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