Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo最新文献

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between C-reactive protein (C-RP), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the presence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) among elderly patients. Out of 380 elderly participants, 46 had SO, accounting for 12,1% of those examined. Of these, 69,6% were female and 30,4% were male. The comparison group included 52 elderly individuals without SO. Patients with SO were more likely to experience chronic non-communicable diseases, reduced physical activity, falls, cognitive impairments such as age-related memory loss, smoke more frequently, and drink alcohol less frequently. A significant increase in PLR and CRP values was associated with the SO status. A strong correlation between PLR and CRP indices was found (p=0,735, p<0,001). CRP had a negative association with muscle mass, walking speed, hand compression strength, and overall performance. The PLR index also had a negative correlation with these variables. A positive relationship was found between pbf and both CRP and PLR. ROC analysis allowed us to identify the PLR index as a predictor of SO with an AUC of 0,862 and a threshold value of 217. The sensitivity of the model was 86,4% and the specificity was 88,5%. The diagnostic effectiveness was 87,5%. Therefore, the PLR index can serve as an accessible marker for identifying elderly patients at high risk of SO when combined with CRP assessment.

Objective - a comprehensive clinical assessment of the structure of hypoglycemic therapy in an elderly patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with an emphasis on concomitant manifestations of metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia). The study was carried out according to a retrospective design; the sample consisted of 462 comorbid elderly patients with DM2, whose primary clinical data were stored and systematized in an outpatient registry using developed digital tools and a specialized formalized protocol. Indicators of clinical and metabolic status and the structure of hypoglycemic therapy were studied. A high prevalence of concomitant diseases (hypertension - 92%, obesity - 63%, dyslipidemia - 86%) was revealed, the pathogenesis of which is closely interrelated with insulin resistance and is associated with age. A significant discrepancy between the average values of key indicators of therapeutic control of diabetes and the target ranges was noted: HbA1c (8,35±2,02%), systolic blood pressure (134,93±9,48 mmHg), LDL (2,60±1,19 mmol/L). A high proportion of prescribing insulins (46,3%), including short-acting ones (22,6%), as well as drugs that stimulate glucose-independent insulin secretion (39,8%), was determined in the structure of sugar-lowering therapy, which indicates that the clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome are not always taken into account when choosing therapeutic tactics.

The article presents an analysis of comorbidity in the studied groups with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The main group included 70 senile patients (75-90 years old) with ACS, the control group included elderly and middle-aged patients (45-74 years old) with ACS. The category of elderly patients is characterized, on the one hand, by the polymorbidity of pathological conditions with specific manifestations of each of them, mainly the chronic course of existing diseases, and, on the other hand, by the complexity of diagnosis and selection of drug therapy. The high prevalence of cardiovascular pathology and its frequent pathogenetic relationship with various comorbid diseases and conditions pose a serious problem for any clinician, since he needs to take into account several components of therapy, which makes it difficult to monitor the effectiveness of treatment, increases the likelihood of local and systemic side effects of drugs, and reduces adherence to therapy.

The aim of this work was to examine the content of TNF receptors-1 in fibroblasts of human dermis from the development until 85 years old, and defining of a role of this protein age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis. The study was performed on skin samples from the lower part of the anterior surface of the neck obtained during autopsy of human fetuses who died from various causes antenatally at 20-40 weeks of pregnancy, and people who died from various causes at the age from birth to 85 years. A total of 121 skin fragments were used. TNF receptors-1, proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of fibroblasts vimentin were detected with indirect immunohistochemical staining. Results showed that portion of fibroblasts with positive staining for TNF receptors-1 in the dermis is increased from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 20 years old followed by a little decrease to 40 years old. In age interval from 40 to 85 years old, the number of fibroblasts in dermis with TNF receptors-1 remain almost unchanged, but their level is lower than that observed from birth to 20 years old interval. General number and portion of PCNA positive fibroblasts in dermis are decreased with age with more expressed changes until 40 years old. Correlation analysis showed that age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferative activity is significantly associated with changes in the number of dermal fibroblasts positively stained for TNF receptors-1. Results obtained allow to suggest that TNF receptors-1 plays a role in age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferation in human dermis.

In the context of global population aging and increasing life expectancy, it is of particular importance to inform and educate citizens on health, disease prevention and healthy lifestyle. Literacy in the field of longevity medicine contributes to prolonging the active period of life, preserving cognitive functions and the ability to self-care. This article examines the historical aspects of medical and hygienic education, analyzes modern methods of educating the population and suggests promising strategies using new technologies.

With age, the frequency of cardiovascular diseases increases, which makes сhronic heart failure (CHF) one of the most common pathologies in the elderly. CHF in elderly and senile patients, complicated by postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm (LVA), is a serious problem in clinical practice. Postinfarction aneurysm of the left ventricle, which occurs after a myocardial infarction, significantly worsens the prognosis, leading to a violation of heart function and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The article presents an overview of publications on the epidemiology of chronic heart failure in patients with LVA, including age and gender aspects. Based on the analysis of available publications, modern views on the problem of the emergence of LVA are highlighted. The data testifying to the prognostic significance of LVA as a factor associated with the aggravation of the course and the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with CHF are presented.

More and more studies are focused on the functions of sirtuin proteins in the pathogenesis of joint diseases. Numerous experimental data illustrate the biological functions of sirtuins in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in terms of inflammation and cellular aging. The literature also mentions the role of sirtuins in the regulation of circadian rhythms, which have recently been recognized as one of the key aspects in the development of joint pathologies. Some representatives of the sirtuin protein family can participate in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Over the past three decades, evidence has been obtained that sirtuins are not only important energy sensors, but also have protective properties against metabolic stress and premature aging of cells. Sirtuins regulate metabolism, inhibit apoptosis and autophagy of chondrocytes, and prevent aging of cartilage tissue by exhibiting their deacetylating function. This review shows the role and participation of sirtuins in various molecular signaling events that are associated with the suppression of the functional activity of chondrocytes with increasing age. Modern studies demonstrate the positive effect of sirtuins on the functional activity of chondrocytes and cartilage anabolism. The development of possible ways to regulate sirtuin activity is of considerable interest, which can lead to progress in the treatment of joint pathology.

The publication substantiates the use of the gerontological approach in the process of information and educational support for the provision of comprehensive assistance to senior citizens within the framework of the formation of the national project 'Long and Active Life' and the regional program of Saint-Petersburg «Silver Age». Suggestions to the development of an interdepartmental program of information and educational support for senior citizens, which would contribute to increasing the information accessibility, demand and effectiveness of social services through active cooperation between senior citizens - recipients of services with the staff of government agencies providing them, the introduction of innovative information, educational and geronto-technologies, and the involvement of public organizations, commercial structures and volunteer centers in supporting senior citizens. The structure and plot of the program are considered, as well as, the algorithm for its implementation, the organization of a pilot project in the territory of Saint-Petersburg, using the experience, developments and creative potential of social institutions, scientific and educational centers of the region.

The effect of essential oils (EO) of 25 species and varieties of essential oil plants on elderly people (average age over 70 years) was studied when they inhaled air containing EO vapors at a concentration of 1 mg/m3. It was found that an anxiolytic effect lasting more than 30 minutes was provided by EO of Siberian fir and peppermint of the Prilutskaya variety, more than 20 minutes - EO of common basil, Transcaucasian catnip, catnip, narrow-leaved lavender, noble laurel, long-leaved mint of the Oksamitova variety, peppermint of the Ukrainian variety, essential oil rose of the Crimean red variety, medicinal rosemary, garden savory. The antidepressant effect of EO is noticeably weaker than the anxiolytic effect. A stable effect for more than 30 minutes was not found in any EO. The effect observed after 20 minutes of exposure was given by only three EO: garden savory, thyme and peppermint of the Udaychanka variety.

Increasing life expectancy up to 78 years is a target indicator of the state policy. Emergency medical care is an important link in ensuring longevity of elderly citizens. The aim of the study: to study the frequency and structure of emergency medical care for older age groups of the population. The study analyzed the frequency of emergency medical aid calls for women 55 years and older and men 60 years and older according to the data of sectoral statistical observation for 2010-2013 and federal statistical observation for the Russian Federation for 2014-2023. Statistical and analytical methods of research were applied. Spreadsheets MS Office Excel 2016 were used for data processing. Older individuals (women aged 55 years and older and men aged 60 years and older) accounted for 19,2±0,8 million emergency medical services, representing 42,6±1,3% of the total number of patients and 51,4±1,5% of adult (18 years and older) emergency medical services patients. An upsurge in the number of referrals was recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of deaths in the ambulance is 4,1±0,9 thousand, 2010-2023, of which 51,1±1% were women aged 55 years and older and 48,9±1% were men aged 60 years and older. The structure of mortality is characterized by a higher proportion of «sudden diseases and conditions» (88,2±2,3 and 78,5±5,2%, respectively) and a low proportion of «accidents» (7,5±2,4 and 17,5±5,3%, respectively) in the reasons for calling ambulance crews to these patients. Emergency care is a demanded type of medical care for older people. The results of the study show that among this category of patients who applied for emergency medical care, women aged 55 and older and men aged 60 and older prevail. At the same time, the structure of ambulance calls is dominated by «sudden diseases and conditions», which indicates the need for timely organization of medical care, including hospitalization in specialized medical organizations.