Purpose. Augmented feedback is information that is inherently unavailable to a learner and must be provided by an outside source such as an expert or technical display. Such feedback may be divided into knowledge of performance, relating to movement quality, and knowledge of results (Kr), relating to a movement outcome. Kr has been examined with respect to variables such as timing, medium, and precision. In previous research involving a line-drawing task, individuals presented with higher levels of Kr precision outperformed those presented with distracting feedback (nonsense syllables) or none. the present study sought to extend these findings by comparing the effects of Kr types on learning a line-drawing task. Methods. On day 1, participants ( n = 48) practised in 4 groups, receiving unique extrinsic feedback: control (no feedback), vague, precise, and visual feedback group. On day 2, learning was assessed via retention and transfer testing. Results. For acquisition, a repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a main effect for block in absolute constant error and variable error ( p < 0.01), indicating improved accuracy and consistency with practice. During testing, results showed a main effect such that accuracy and consistency during retention were better than transfer ( p < 0.01). Follow-up pairwise comparisons indicated significantly better performance for the visual feedback group when compared with the control group ( p = 0.021). Conclusions. these results suggest that learning a simple task such as line-drawing may improve through verbal or visual feedback and that the latter medium may be an effective alternative to feedback that is presented verbally.
{"title":"Changing the type of knowledge of results affects the learning of a line-drawing task","authors":"Kevin M. Fisher, Weston Kartes, Megan Gregorski","doi":"10.5114/HM.2021.104187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2021.104187","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Augmented feedback is information that is inherently unavailable to a learner and must be provided by an outside source such as an expert or technical display. Such feedback may be divided into knowledge of performance, relating to movement quality, and knowledge of results (Kr), relating to a movement outcome. Kr has been examined with respect to variables such as timing, medium, and precision. In previous research involving a line-drawing task, individuals presented with higher levels of Kr precision outperformed those presented with distracting feedback (nonsense syllables) or none. the present study sought to extend these findings by comparing the effects of Kr types on learning a line-drawing task. Methods. On day 1, participants ( n = 48) practised in 4 groups, receiving unique extrinsic feedback: control (no feedback), vague, precise, and visual feedback group. On day 2, learning was assessed via retention and transfer testing. Results. For acquisition, a repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a main effect for block in absolute constant error and variable error ( p < 0.01), indicating improved accuracy and consistency with practice. During testing, results showed a main effect such that accuracy and consistency during retention were better than transfer ( p < 0.01). Follow-up pairwise comparisons indicated significantly better performance for the visual feedback group when compared with the control group ( p = 0.021). Conclusions. these results suggest that learning a simple task such as line-drawing may improve through verbal or visual feedback and that the latter medium may be an effective alternative to feedback that is presented verbally.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71100150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. G. Gonçalves, F. Clemente, L. Vieira, B. Bedo, E. Puggina, F. Moura, Felipe Mesquita, P. Santiago, R. Almeida, R. Aquino
Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of match location, quality of opposition, match outcome, and playing position on internal load (IL), external load (EL), and interpersonal interactions in professional soccer players. Also, the relation ships between load parameters and interpersonal interactions were measured. Methods. Fourteen matches from 16 Brazilian professional players were analysed. IL was obtained through the rating of perceived exertion. EL was quantified with the Global Positioning System (e.g., high-intensity running [HIR]). Interpersonal interactions were measured by network analysis using completed passes between teammates ( n = 2845). Results. Higher values of match IL and HIR were observed in home vs. away matches ( p = 0.02). Players presented greater running outputs and number of networks that a player controlled in matches against strong vs. weak opponents ( p < 0.05). When the players won the matches, higher running demands and proximity to the teammates (i.e., closeness centrality) were demonstrated than when they drew or lost ( p < 0.05). Reduced values of IL, EL, and closeness centrality were observed in the forwards compared with the other positions ( p < 0.05). The distance covered per minute in HIR was large and associated with closeness centrality and eigenvector ( r = 0.55; p < 0.001). Conclusions. The results indicate that load parameters and interpersonal interactions are influenced by the considered independent variables.
{"title":"Effects of match location, quality of opposition, match outcome, and playing position on load parameters and players’ prominence during official matches in professional soccer players","authors":"L. G. Gonçalves, F. Clemente, L. Vieira, B. Bedo, E. Puggina, F. Moura, Felipe Mesquita, P. Santiago, R. Almeida, R. Aquino","doi":"10.5114/HM.2021.100322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2021.100322","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of match location, quality of opposition, match outcome, and playing position on internal load (IL), external load (EL), and interpersonal interactions in professional soccer players. Also, the relation ships between load parameters and interpersonal interactions were measured. Methods. Fourteen matches from 16 Brazilian professional players were analysed. IL was obtained through the rating of perceived exertion. EL was quantified with the Global Positioning System (e.g., high-intensity running [HIR]). Interpersonal interactions were measured by network analysis using completed passes between teammates ( n = 2845). Results. Higher values of match IL and HIR were observed in home vs. away matches ( p = 0.02). Players presented greater running outputs and number of networks that a player controlled in matches against strong vs. weak opponents ( p < 0.05). When the players won the matches, higher running demands and proximity to the teammates (i.e., closeness centrality) were demonstrated than when they drew or lost ( p < 0.05). Reduced values of IL, EL, and closeness centrality were observed in the forwards compared with the other positions ( p < 0.05). The distance covered per minute in HIR was large and associated with closeness centrality and eigenvector ( r = 0.55; p < 0.001). Conclusions. The results indicate that load parameters and interpersonal interactions are influenced by the considered independent variables.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71098423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. Despite considerable growth of trail runners’ population, little is known about the demographics, training habits, and health characteristics of recreational trail runners. thus, the aim of this study was to describe the demographics, training habits, and health characteristics of recreational trail runners as compared between different distances of Circuito trilhas & Montanhas. Methods. the descriptive transversal study involved 167 trail runners of Circuito trilhas & Montanhas. A questionnaire concerning trail-running practice was applied and the chosen route (short/medium/long) was recorded. Results. the trail runners were mostly young athletes ( 40 years old, 51.5%), males (66.5%), bachelors (56.3%), and married or in a committed relationship (58.1%). Most of the long distance trail runners were significantly more experienced (p = 0.001; = 0.230), ran 10–20 km per training (p < 0.001; = 0.535), participated in club sport (p = 0.004; = 0.257), and used safety equipment (p = 0.011; = 0.233) compared with the other distances. the chosen course was not associated with the health status (p = 0.385), but the presence of diseases was significantly reported by most of the short distance trail runners (p = 0.023; = 0.213). Conclusions. the recreational trail runners participating in this study are predominantly young, well-educated, and married. Most long distance trail runners were more experienced, ran average distances per training, participated in club sport, and used safety equipment compared with the other distances. Moreover, trail runners with any diseases ran in short distances.
{"title":"The profile of demographics, training habits, and health of recreational trail runners: a comparative study among different distances","authors":"Patrícia Molz","doi":"10.5114/HM.2021.100324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2021.100324","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Despite considerable growth of trail runners’ population, little is known about the demographics, training habits, and health characteristics of recreational trail runners. thus, the aim of this study was to describe the demographics, training habits, and health characteristics of recreational trail runners as compared between different distances of Circuito trilhas & Montanhas. Methods. the descriptive transversal study involved 167 trail runners of Circuito trilhas & Montanhas. A questionnaire concerning trail-running practice was applied and the chosen route (short/medium/long) was recorded. Results. the trail runners were mostly young athletes ( 40 years old, 51.5%), males (66.5%), bachelors (56.3%), and married or in a committed relationship (58.1%). Most of the long distance trail runners were significantly more experienced (p = 0.001; = 0.230), ran 10–20 km per training (p < 0.001; = 0.535), participated in club sport (p = 0.004; = 0.257), and used safety equipment (p = 0.011; = 0.233) compared with the other distances. the chosen course was not associated with the health status (p = 0.385), but the presence of diseases was significantly reported by most of the short distance trail runners (p = 0.023; = 0.213). Conclusions. the recreational trail runners participating in this study are predominantly young, well-educated, and married. Most long distance trail runners were more experienced, ran average distances per training, participated in club sport, and used safety equipment compared with the other distances. Moreover, trail runners with any diseases ran in short distances.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71098562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralph Grambow, Craig OShannessy, Philipp Born, D. Meffert, T. Vogt
Purpose. How crucial is good serving to succeed in modern days women’s world class tennis? The study aimed to systematically analyse serve efficiency and serving behaviour in elite women’s tennis over 14 years to identify possible training patterns. Methods. Analyses included historical data on all matches at the Ladies Wimbledon Championships of 2002–2015 (matches: n = 1771; service games: n = 37,717; serves: n = 248,135). The study focused on 2 main comparisons, serve efficiency development in 2002–2015 and possible differences within the women’s tennis world class, between the 1 (matches: n = 1562; service games: n = 33,150; serves: n = 218,028) and 2 tournament week results (matches: n = 209; service games: n = 4567; serves: n = 30,107). Results. An increase over time was observed for the percentages of service games won (p < 0.001), 1 service points won (p < 0.05), and aces served (p < 0.01), whereas double faults served (p < 0.05) and serve and volley points played (p < 0.001) decreased significantly. Direct comparisons of the 1 and 2 tournament week results favour players competing in the 2 tournament week, showing significant advantages in the percentages of service games won (p < 0.01), 1 service points won (p < 0.05), and aces served (p < 0.001). Conclusions. An increased serve efficiency over time was observed, particularly for 1 tournament week results, indicating a more extended women’s world class cohort. However, direct comparisons favour players competing in the 2 tournament week.
{"title":"Serve efficiency development indicates an extended women’s tennis world class cohort: Analysing 14 years of Ladies Wimbledon Championships – implications for coaching","authors":"Ralph Grambow, Craig OShannessy, Philipp Born, D. Meffert, T. Vogt","doi":"10.5114/hm.2021.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.100011","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. How crucial is good serving to succeed in modern days women’s world class tennis? The study aimed to systematically analyse serve efficiency and serving behaviour in elite women’s tennis over 14 years to identify possible training patterns. Methods. Analyses included historical data on all matches at the Ladies Wimbledon Championships of 2002–2015 (matches: n = 1771; service games: n = 37,717; serves: n = 248,135). The study focused on 2 main comparisons, serve efficiency development in 2002–2015 and possible differences within the women’s tennis world class, between the 1 (matches: n = 1562; service games: n = 33,150; serves: n = 218,028) and 2 tournament week results (matches: n = 209; service games: n = 4567; serves: n = 30,107). Results. An increase over time was observed for the percentages of service games won (p < 0.001), 1 service points won (p < 0.05), and aces served (p < 0.01), whereas double faults served (p < 0.05) and serve and volley points played (p < 0.001) decreased significantly. Direct comparisons of the 1 and 2 tournament week results favour players competing in the 2 tournament week, showing significant advantages in the percentages of service games won (p < 0.01), 1 service points won (p < 0.05), and aces served (p < 0.001). Conclusions. An increased serve efficiency over time was observed, particularly for 1 tournament week results, indicating a more extended women’s world class cohort. However, direct comparisons favour players competing in the 2 tournament week.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71098709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cauan de Almeida, Rodrigo Santos, Lucas Mantovani, Israel Teoldo
Purpose. In soccer, teammates are required to behave in a synchronized fashion to generate an effective unity. the study aim was to compare the number of players participating in team possessions of the 4 semi-finalists of the 2014 FIFA ® World Cup. Methods. the sample of this observational study comprised 2372 team possessions of the 2014 FIFA ® World Cup semi-finalists (Germany, Argentina, the Netherlands, and Brazil). Descriptive analysis was performed, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied. the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests served to verify the overall and specific effects of the number of players participating in team possessions. Effect sizes were reported as Pearson’s r. the significance level was set at p < 0.05. the SPSS software version 22 was used for statistical procedures. Results. the tournament winners (Germany) displayed significantly higher means of the number of players per possession than the Netherlands and Brazil ( U = 144.797; p < 0.001; small effect; and U = 158.501; p < 0.001; small effect, respectively), as did the runners-up, Argentina ( U = 140.253; p = 0.012; negligible effect; and U = 154.226; p < 0.001; small effect, respec-tively). the Netherlands had a significantly higher mean number of players participating in team possessions than Brazil ( U = 160.467; p = 0.014; negligible effect). Conclusions. the teams who reached the tournament final circulated the ball by using more players than those eliminated in the semi-finals. Future studies should verify the potential utilization of the number of players as an indicator of competitive success.
{"title":"Players’ participation in team possessions of the 2014 FIFA® World Cup semi-finalists","authors":"Cauan de Almeida, Rodrigo Santos, Lucas Mantovani, Israel Teoldo","doi":"10.5114/HM.2021.104186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2021.104186","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. In soccer, teammates are required to behave in a synchronized fashion to generate an effective unity. the study aim was to compare the number of players participating in team possessions of the 4 semi-finalists of the 2014 FIFA ® World Cup. Methods. the sample of this observational study comprised 2372 team possessions of the 2014 FIFA ® World Cup semi-finalists (Germany, Argentina, the Netherlands, and Brazil). Descriptive analysis was performed, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied. the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests served to verify the overall and specific effects of the number of players participating in team possessions. Effect sizes were reported as Pearson’s r. the significance level was set at p < 0.05. the SPSS software version 22 was used for statistical procedures. Results. the tournament winners (Germany) displayed significantly higher means of the number of players per possession than the Netherlands and Brazil ( U = 144.797; p < 0.001; small effect; and U = 158.501; p < 0.001; small effect, respectively), as did the runners-up, Argentina ( U = 140.253; p = 0.012; negligible effect; and U = 154.226; p < 0.001; small effect, respec-tively). the Netherlands had a significantly higher mean number of players participating in team possessions than Brazil ( U = 160.467; p = 0.014; negligible effect). Conclusions. the teams who reached the tournament final circulated the ball by using more players than those eliminated in the semi-finals. Future studies should verify the potential utilization of the number of players as an indicator of competitive success.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71100086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in adipocytokine concentrations and the correlation between adipocytokines and body fat percentage after endurance training in obese girls. Methods. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, in which 19 overweight girls aged 8–12 years were randomly selected. Anthropometric and blood indices were assessed before and after the intervention. Results. The average leptin level ( p = 0.016) and fat percentage ( p = 0.002) were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training, whereas the average adiponectin levels ( p = 0.012) were significantly increased. There was a reverse correlation between adiponectin levels and bMI ( p = 0.018), body fat percentage ( p = 0.015), and leptin concentrations ( p = 0.025). Conclusions. considering the adipocytokine improvement and body fat percentage reduction observed in this study, one can state that moderate-intensity endurance training has a role in the prevention of obesity-related diseases such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of changes in adipocytokine concentrations and correlation between adipocytokines and body fat percentage after endurance training in obese girls","authors":"B. Tartibian, Mehdi Kushkestani","doi":"10.5114/hm.2021.98461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.98461","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in adipocytokine concentrations and the correlation between adipocytokines and body fat percentage after endurance training in obese girls. Methods. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, in which 19 overweight girls aged 8–12 years were randomly selected. Anthropometric and blood indices were assessed before and after the intervention. Results. The average leptin level ( p = 0.016) and fat percentage ( p = 0.002) were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training, whereas the average adiponectin levels ( p = 0.012) were significantly increased. There was a reverse correlation between adiponectin levels and bMI ( p = 0.018), body fat percentage ( p = 0.015), and leptin concentrations ( p = 0.025). Conclusions. considering the adipocytokine improvement and body fat percentage reduction observed in this study, one can state that moderate-intensity endurance training has a role in the prevention of obesity-related diseases such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71100961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbStRACt Purpose. the continuous migration of student-athletes to pursue their educational and sport careers (i.e., dual career) urges the scientific community to investigate this phenomenon. to provide a systematic literature review on migrating studentathletes, this review framed the research questions, identified relevant scientific contributions, assessed the quality of the studies, summarized evidence, and interpreted the findings. Methods. A systematic review conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses guidelines returned 1208 records from 2007 to 2019. After screening for the set criteria, only 12 papers met the final inclusion criteria. Results. Few eligible papers highlight limited interest in dual career athletic migration. Furthermore, a lack of a dual career friendly environment supporting the combination of educational (university or high school) and high-level sports opportunities in the native country emerged as the main reason for student-athletes migration. In fact, American colleges, offering optimal opportunities to accomplish education and sport, turned out to be the most represented migration sites, which also satisfy the student-athletes’ desire to attain high-quality education, their willingness to live in another country and to practise sports at high levels. Conclusions. In the context of the pervasive globalization of sport and education, to contribute to the development of the European dual career sports culture, further research is needed to empirically examine the migration phenomenon of European student-athletes in Member States.
{"title":"Student-athlete migration: A systematic literature review","authors":"F. Palumbo, Andrea Fusco, C. Cortis, L. Capranica","doi":"10.5114/HM.2021.99988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2021.99988","url":null,"abstract":"AbStRACt Purpose. the continuous migration of student-athletes to pursue their educational and sport careers (i.e., dual career) urges the scientific community to investigate this phenomenon. to provide a systematic literature review on migrating studentathletes, this review framed the research questions, identified relevant scientific contributions, assessed the quality of the studies, summarized evidence, and interpreted the findings. Methods. A systematic review conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses guidelines returned 1208 records from 2007 to 2019. After screening for the set criteria, only 12 papers met the final inclusion criteria. Results. Few eligible papers highlight limited interest in dual career athletic migration. Furthermore, a lack of a dual career friendly environment supporting the combination of educational (university or high school) and high-level sports opportunities in the native country emerged as the main reason for student-athletes migration. In fact, American colleges, offering optimal opportunities to accomplish education and sport, turned out to be the most represented migration sites, which also satisfy the student-athletes’ desire to attain high-quality education, their willingness to live in another country and to practise sports at high levels. Conclusions. In the context of the pervasive globalization of sport and education, to contribute to the development of the European dual career sports culture, further research is needed to empirically examine the migration phenomenon of European student-athletes in Member States.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71101614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rocha, A. Conceição, C. Mata, J. Narciso, A. Costa, Marco Branco, H. Louro
{"title":"Reaction forces and bone maturation in taekwondo: comparison with and without tatami","authors":"F. Rocha, A. Conceição, C. Mata, J. Narciso, A. Costa, Marco Branco, H. Louro","doi":"10.5114/HM.2023.107246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2023.107246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71103520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this review, we will present and critically discuss how different conditioning exercises can be implemented in training, testing, and competition for the enhancement of performances in different sports, via post-activation performance enhancement and other delayed potentiation responses. The potentiation approaches described here include warming up, testing and monitoring, re-warm-up and priming strategies, and complex training. The post-activation performance enhancement responses can be best described following the new taxonomy, which allows the identification of the best strategies in every specific sport setting. This requires identifying the post-activation performance enhancement factors, which are the condi tioning activity, the verification test, the population of athletes; and potential moderators (i.e. exercise type and loading, timing; recovery interval, target exercise, performance parameter; training background, age, and sex). The inherent limitations to these approaches, including the gaps in literature requiring further studies, may be overcome in practice by using individualized approaches.
{"title":"Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners","authors":"D. Boullosa","doi":"10.5114/HM.2021.103280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2021.103280","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we will present and critically discuss how different conditioning exercises can be implemented in training, testing, and competition for the enhancement of performances in different sports, via post-activation performance enhancement and other delayed potentiation responses. The potentiation approaches described here include warming up, testing and monitoring, re-warm-up and priming strategies, and complex training. The post-activation performance enhancement responses can be best described following the new taxonomy, which allows the identification of the best strategies in every specific sport setting. This requires identifying the post-activation performance enhancement factors, which are the condi tioning activity, the verification test, the population of athletes; and potential moderators (i.e. exercise type and loading, timing; recovery interval, target exercise, performance parameter; training background, age, and sex). The inherent limitations to these approaches, including the gaps in literature requiring further studies, may be overcome in practice by using individualized approaches.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71098496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose. This study aimed to classify typical futsal movement patterns while in ball possession and clarify the effect of tournament stages on these movement profiles. Methods. A total of 5647 movements in possession of a ball during 8 international futsal matches were analysed. These matches consisted of 4 group stages, and there were 4 knockout stage matches (2 semi-finals, a third-place play-off, and the final). On the basis of the observation of 2 experienced analysts, 8 translational and rotational movement indicators were established: forward translation, backward translation, sideway translation, and slow rotation (defined as the low traction demand movement), and side-cut, u-cut, fast rotation, and sudden stop (defined as the high traction demand movement). Results. The overall results highlighted that 82.48% of the analysed movements were translational movements [top-three highest movements proportion: (1) forward translation: 26.52%, (2) side-cut: 15.76%, and (3) sideway translation: 14.36%]. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher frequency of translational movements among players during knockout stage matches ( p = 0.03), suggesting that these translational movements form the foundation aspects in maintaining ball possession. Also, a significantly higher occurrence was observed for 2 high traction demand movements [u-cut ( p = 0.02) and fast rotation ( p < 0.0001)] during knockout stage matches compared with group stage matches. Conclusions. High traction demand translational movements related to changes of direction were significantly influenced by the stages of the tournament in highly competitive futsal matches.
{"title":"The effect of different tournament stages on the movement dynamics of futsal players while in ball-possession","authors":"Shariman Ismadi Ismail, H. Nunome","doi":"10.5114/HM.2021.103292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HM.2021.103292","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This study aimed to classify typical futsal movement patterns while in ball possession and clarify the effect of tournament stages on these movement profiles. Methods. A total of 5647 movements in possession of a ball during 8 international futsal matches were analysed. These matches consisted of 4 group stages, and there were 4 knockout stage matches (2 semi-finals, a third-place play-off, and the final). On the basis of the observation of 2 experienced analysts, 8 translational and rotational movement indicators were established: forward translation, backward translation, sideway translation, and slow rotation (defined as the low traction demand movement), and side-cut, u-cut, fast rotation, and sudden stop (defined as the high traction demand movement). Results. The overall results highlighted that 82.48% of the analysed movements were translational movements [top-three highest movements proportion: (1) forward translation: 26.52%, (2) side-cut: 15.76%, and (3) sideway translation: 14.36%]. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher frequency of translational movements among players during knockout stage matches ( p = 0.03), suggesting that these translational movements form the foundation aspects in maintaining ball possession. Also, a significantly higher occurrence was observed for 2 high traction demand movements [u-cut ( p = 0.02) and fast rotation ( p < 0.0001)] during knockout stage matches compared with group stage matches. Conclusions. High traction demand translational movements related to changes of direction were significantly influenced by the stages of the tournament in highly competitive futsal matches.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71099297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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